The Association of Visceral Adiposity Index with Insulin Resistance in Adults with Prediabetes

Visceral adiposity mediates insulin resistance, but their association among adults with prediabetes is scarce in the literature. This study is aimed to determine the association of visceral adiposity index (VAI) with insulin resistance in adults with prediabetes. This cross-sectional study was done among 117 adults with newly detected prediabetes [m/f;23/94;mean ± SD: Age 36.30 ± 9.99 years, BMI 28.89 ± 4.35 kg/m2] based on American Diabetes Association 2018 criteria and 141 matched healthy controls [m/f: 28/113;mean ± SD: 35.30 ± 6.88 years, BMI 25.03 ± 4.58]. Waist circumference, body mass index, fasting triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured in each group to calculate VAI and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). People with prediabetes had significantly higher median value of VAI {3.08 (2.26) vs. 1.86 (2.31);p < 0.001} with higher frequency of high VAI (>1) (98.3% vs. 85.8%;p < 0.001) than the control population. HOMA-IR level was significantly higher in prediabetes with high VAI (cut-off of 2.64) than control with normal VAI [2.78 (2.22, 4.15) vs. 2.20 (1.53, 3.36);p = 0.002]. VAI was positively correlated with HOMA-IR in females with prediabetes (r = 0.299, p = 0.003). VAI had predictive association with prediabetes [OR (95% CI: 9.504 (2.173, 41.576);p = 0.03] and high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.6) in females with prediabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.50 (1.476, 8.297);p = 0.004] only. It could satisfactorily discriminate prediabetes in both sexes (male: AUC = 0.767, p = 0.001;female: AUC = 0.641, p < 0.001) and high insulin resistance in females with prediabetes (AUC = 0.641;p = 0.019) only. So, VAI was associated with prediabetes and insulin resistance only in females with prediabetes.

Surrogate markers of insulin resistance:A review

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of obesity,diabetes,and cardiovascular diseases,and leads to many of the abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome. Our understanding of insulin resistance has improved tremendously over the years,but certain aspects of its estimation still remain elusive to researchers and clinicians.The quantitative assessment of insulin sensitivity is not routinely used during biochemical investigations for diagnostic purposes,but the emerging importance of insulin resistance has led to its wider application research studies.Evaluation of a number of clinical states where insulin sensitivity is compromised calls for assessment of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is increasingly being assessed in various disease conditions where it aids in examining their pathogenesis,etiology and consequences. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp is the gold standard method for the determination of insulin sensitivity,but is impractical as it is labor-and time-intensive.A number of surrogate indices have therefore been employed to simplify and improve the determination of insulin resistance.The object of this review is to highlight various aspects and methodologies for current and upcoming measures ofinsulin sensitivity/resistance.In-depth knowledge of these markers will help in better understanding and exploitation of the condition.

The relationship between insulin resistance/β-cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus： the Desheng Diabetic Eye Study

AIM： To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance （IR）/β-cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy （DR） in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）, and to explore further whether there were differences in the relationship among diabetic patients with higher and lower body mass index （BMI）. METHODS： Cross-sectional study. A total of 1466 subjects with T2DM were recruited in a local Desheng Community of urban Beijing from November 2009 to June 2012 for the cohort of Beijing Desheng Diabetic Eye Study. Standardized evaluation was carried out for each participant, including questionnaire, ocular and anthropometric examinations, and laboratory tests. Seven fields 30° color fundus photographs were used for DR grading according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocols. Homeostatis Model Assessment （HOMA） method was employed for IR and β-cell function assessment. RESULTS： After excluding those participants who were treated with insulin （n=352） or had missing data of fasting insulin （n=96）, and further excluding those with poor quality of retinal photographs （n=10）, a total of 1008 subjects were included for the final analysis, 406 （40.3%） were men and 602 （59.7%） were women, age ranging fiom 34 to 86 （64.87±8.28）y. Any DR （levels 14 and above） was present in 278 （27.6%） subjects. After adjusting for possible covariates, the presence of any DR did not correlate with HOMA IR [odds ratio （OR） 1.51, 95% confidence interval （Cl） 0.87-2.61, P=0.14] or HOMA β-cell （OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.40-1.26, P=0.25）. After stratification by BMI, the presence of any DR was associated positively with HOMA IR （OR 2.46, 95%CI： 1.18-5.12, P=0.016）, and negatively with HOMA β-cell （OR 0.40, 95%CI： 0.19-0.87, P=0.021） in the group of patients with higher BMI （225 kg/m2）. In the group of patients with lower BMI （〈25 kg/m2）, the presence of any DR was not associated with HOMA IR （OR 1.00, 95%C1： 0.43-2.33, P=I.00） or HOMA β-cell （OR 1.41, 95%CI： 0.60-3.32, P=0.43）. CONCLUSION： The data suggest that higher IR and lower 13-cell function are associated with the presence of DR in the subgroup of diabetic patients with higher BMI. However, this association is not statistically significant in diabetic patients with lower BMI.

Insulin resistance in H pylori infection and its association with oxidative stress

AIM: To determine the insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative status in H pylori infection and to find out if there is any relationship between these parameters and insulin resistance. METHODS: Fifty-five H pylori positive and 48 H pylori negative patients were enrolled. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess insulin resistance. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined in all subjects. RESULTS: The total antioxidant capacity was significantly lower in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (1.36 ± 0.33 and 1.70 ± 0.50, respectively; P < 0.001), while the total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly higher in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (6.79 ± 3.40 and 5.08 ± 0.95, and 5.42 ± 3.40 and 3.10 ± 0.92, respectively; P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was significantly higher in H pylori positive group than in H pylori negative group (6.92 ± 3.86 and 3.61 ± 1.67, res- pectively; P < 0.001). Insulin resistance was found to be significantly correlated with total antioxidant capacity (r = -0.251, P < 0.05), total oxidant status (r = 0.365, P < 0.05), and oxidative stress index (r = 0.267, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Insulin resistance seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in H pylori infection. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this association and elucidate the effectof adding antioxidant vitamins to H pylori eradication therapy on insulin resistance during H pylori infection.

Relationship between insulin resistance, obesity and serum prostate-specific antigen levels in healthy men

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between insulin resistance, obesity and serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） levels in healthy men with serum PSA level below 4 ng mL-1. The men included in the study cohort were 11 827 healthy male employees of the Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., LTD who had undergone medical checkups including fasting glucose, fasting insulin and serum PSA between January 2003 and December 2008. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment （HOMA [fasting glucose × fasting insulin]/22.5） and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index （QUICK/; 1/[log （fasting insulin） ＋ log （fasting glucose）]）. Age-adjusted body mass index （BMI） was significantly increased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICKI, respectively, in analysis of variance （ANOVA） test and Duncan＇s multiple comparison test （P 〈 0.001）, but age-adjusted serum PSA concentration was significantly decreased according to increasing quartile of insulin resistance as determined by HOMA and QUICK/（P 〈 0.001）. Age, BMI, insulin resistance by HOMA or QUICK/were significantly independent variables to serum PSA level in a multivariate linear regression analysis （P 〈 0.001）. Insulin resistance was a significant independent variable to serum PSA level along with BMI. Insulin resistance and BMI were negatively correlated with serum PSA level in healthy men. Insulin resistance was positively correlated with BMI.

Over expression of resistin in adipose tissue of the obese induces insulin resistance

AIM: To compare resistin mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and its correlation with insulin resistance (IR) in postmenopausal obese women. METHODS: A total of 68 postmenopausal women (non obese = 34 and obese = 34) were enrolled for the study. The women of the two groups were age matched (49-70 years). Fasting blood samples were collected at admission and abdominal SAT was obtained during surgery for gall bladder stones or hysterectomy. Physical parameters [age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)] were measured. Biochemical (plasma insulin and plasma glucose) parameters were estimated by enzymatic methods. RNA was isolated by the Trizol method.SAT resistin mRNA expression was done by real time- reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by using Quanti Tect SYBR Green RT-PCR master mix. Data was analyzed using independent Student's t test, correlation and simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean weight (52.81 ± 8.04 kg vs 79.56 ± 9.91 kg; P < 0.001), BMI (20.23 ± 3.05 kg/m 2 vs 32.19 ± 4.86 kg/m 2 ; P < 0.001), insulin (8.47 ± 3.24 U/mL vs 14.67 ± 2.18 U/mL; P < 0.001), glucose (97.44 ± 11.31 mg/dL vs 109.67 ± 8.02 mg/dL; P < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment index (2.01 ± 0.73 vs 3.96 ± 0.61; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in postmenopausal obese women compared to postmenopausal non obese women. The mean serum resistin level was also significantly higher in postmeno-pausal obese women compared to postmenopausal non obese women (9.05 ± 5.15 vs 13.92 ± 6.32, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean SAT resistin mRNA expression was also significantly (0.023 ± 0.008 vs 0.036 ± 0.009; P < 0.001) higher and over expressed 1.62 fold (upregulated) in postmenopausal obese women compared to postmenopausal non obese women. In postmeno-pausal obese women, the relative SAT resistin mRNA expression showed positive (direct) and significant correlation with BMI (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) and serum resistin (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the SAT resistin mRNA expression in postmenopausal obese women also showed significant and direct association (r = 0.45, P < 0.01) with IR, while in postmenopausal non obese women it did not show any association (r = -0.04, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Increased SAT resistin mRNA expres-sion probably leads to inducing insulin resistance and thus may be associated with obesity-related disorders in postmenopausal obese women.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and insulin resistance in children

Various pathological conditions can cause fatty liver in children. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in children has been known since 1983. However, NASH diagnosed in childhood does not have a favorable outcome.The pathological characteristics of NASH are significantly different between children and adults. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)/NASH is accompanied by insulin resistance, which plays a pivotal role in its pathophysiology in both children and adults. In NASH,a "two-hit" model involving triglyceride accumulation(first hit) and liver damage(second hit) has been accepted. Insulin resistance was found to correlate with changes in fat levels; however, it did not correlate with fibrosis or NAFLD activity score in children. Therefore,insulin resistance may be important in the first hit.Because there is obvious familial clustering in NASH,genetic predisposition as well as environmental factors including diet might be the second hit of NAFLD/NASH.

Cardiometabolic risk factors in young Indian men and their association with parameters of insulin resistance and beta-cell function

BACKGROUND There is an unmet need to evaluate the burden of cardiometabolic risk factors in young South Asian adults,who are not preselected for glycaemia.AIM To evaluate young North Indian men(aged 20-50 years)for burden of cardiometabolic risk factors,in relation to parameters of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)and beta-cell function(oral disposition index[oDI]).METHODS Study participants were invited in a fasting state.Sociodemographic,anthropometric,and medical data were collected,and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed with serum insulin and plasma glucose estimation at 0,30,and 120 min.Participants were divided into quartiles for HOMA-IR and oDI(category 1:Best HOMA-IR/oDI quartile;category 3:Worst HOMA-IR/oDI quartile)and composite HOMA-IR/oDI phenotypes(phenotype 1:Best quartile for both HOMA-IR and oDI;phenotype 4:Worst quartile for both HOMA-IR and oDI)were derived.RESULTS We evaluated a total of 635 men at a mean(±SD)age of 33.9±5.1 years and body mass index of 26.0±3.9 kg/m^(2).Diabetes and prediabetes were present in 34(5.4%)and 297(46.8%)participants,respectively.Overweight/obesity,metabolic syndrome,and hypertension were present in 388(61.1%),258(40.6%),and 123(19.4%)participants,respectively.The prevalence of dysglycaemia,metabolic syndrome,and hypertension was significantly higher in participants belonging to the worst HOMA-IR and oDI quartiles,either alone(category 3 vs 1)or in combination(phenotype 4 vs 1).The adjusted odds ratios for dysglycaemia(6.5 to 7.0-fold),hypertension(2.9 to 3.6-fold),and metabolic syndrome(4.0 to 12.2-fold)were significantly higher in individuals in the worst quartile of HOMA-IR and oDI(category 3),compared to those in the best quartile(category 1).The adjusted odds ratios further increased to 21.1,5.6,and 13.7,respectively,in individuals with the worst,compared to the best composite HOMA-IR/oDI phenotypes(phenotype 4 vs 1).CONCLUSION The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors is high among young Asian Indian men.Our findings highlight the importance of using parameters of insulin resistance and beta-cell function in phenotyping individuals for cardiometabolic risk.

Changes in Alanine Aminotransferase/Aspartate Aminotransferase Ratio Are Associated with Changes in Insulin Resistance in Japanese Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Elderly Women

Liver marker {e.g., alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)} levels independently predict insulin resistance. The aim of the present study is to examine how changes in liver markers are associated with changes in insulin resistance after exercise in Japanese community-dwelling adults. The participants were 76 women aged 67 ± 6 years from a rural village. Nordic walk (NW) exercise of 120 min per week was performed for 12 weeks. Before and at the end of the 12-week intervention, various confounding factors and insulin resistance {e.g., Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)} were measured. The baseline, follow-up, and changes in ALT/AST ratio (β = 0.390, P β = 0.393, P β = 0.321, P = 0.004, respectively) were each significantly and independently associated with HOMA-IR. When the data were further stratified by baseline and change in ASL/AST ratio, changes in HOMA-IR decreased more significantly in participants with baseline ASL/AST ratio ≥ 0.762 and change in ALT/AST ratio of < 0 than those with change in ALT/AST ratio of ≥ 0 (baseline ASL/AST ratio P = 0.002 and ASL/AST ratio ≥ 0.762, P = 0.047). This study is of interest because liver transaminase markers, which are inexpensive and routinely collected in clinical settings, may provide a simple and accurate enhancement to models currently used to identify subjects with changes in insulin resistance. These results suggest that a higher baseline and decreased change in ALT/AST ratio may be a predictor for decreased insulin resistance after a 12-week walking exercise in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly women.

Evaluation of Insulin Resistance Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Treated with Different Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Clinically, determination of insulin resistance is important for diabetic patients. We evaluated the relationship among 20/(fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose), HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices in type 2 diabetic patients. The study included 40 patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients divided into three groups based on their medication: metformin, metformin + glibenclamide and metformin + glitazone. Fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were measured by enzymatic method, serum insulin, and C-peptide were measured by ELISA method. Insulin resistance was calculated by using of 20/(fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose), HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices. There was no significant relationship between 20/(fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose) index and other parameters in all studied groups except QUICKI in metformin group showed a significant correlation with 20/(fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose) index (r = 0.56 and p = 0.03). There was a significant correlation between HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices in all studied groups. There was no significant relationship between 20/(fasting C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose) index with other clinical parameters. On the other hand, our data strongly suggested a significant correlation between HOMA-IR and QUICKI indices in studied subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Association between triglyceride-glucose index and colorectal polyps:A retrospective cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Colorectal polyps(CPs)are frequently occurring abnormal growths in the colorectum,and are a primary precursor of colorectal cancer(CRC).The triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index is a novel marker that assesses metabolic health and insulin resistance,and has been linked to gastrointestinal cancers.AIM To investigate the potential association between the TyG index and CPs,as the relation between them has not been documented.METHODS A total of 2537 persons undergoing a routine health physical examination and colonoscopy at The First People's Hospital of Kunshan,Jiangsu Province,China,between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study.After excluding individuals who did not meet the eligibility criteria,descriptive statistics were used to compare characteristics between patients with and without CPs.Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs.The TyG index was calculated using the following formula:Ln[triglyceride(mg/dL)×glucose(mg/dL)/2].The presence and types of CPs was determined based on data from colonoscopy reports and pathology reports.RESULTS A nonlinear relation between the TyG index and the prevalence of CPs was identified,and exhibited a curvilinear pattern with a cut-off point of 2.31.A significant association was observed before the turning point,with an odds ratio(95% confidence interval)of 1.70(1.40,2.06),P<0.0001.However,the association between the TyG index and CPs was not significant after the cut-off point,with an odds ratio(95% confidence interval)of 0.57(0.27,1.23),P=0.1521.CONCLUSION Our study revealed a curvilinear association between the TyG index and CPs in Chinese individuals,suggesting its potential utility in developing colonoscopy screening strategies for preventing CRC.

Correlation of body mass index with Th1/Th2 balance, adhesion molecules and insulin signal transduction in infertile patients

Objective: To study the correlation of body mass index with Th1/Th2 balance, adhesion molecules and insulin signal transduction in infertile patients. Methods: A total of 132 patients who received diagnostic curettage due to infertility in Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital between June 2015 and March 2016 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the normal group with BMI<25 kg/m2, the overweight group with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 and the obesity group with BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to BMI, and the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in serum as well as the expression of Th1/Th2 transcription factors, adhesion molecules and insulin signal pathway molecules in endometrial tissue were detected. Results:IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum of obesity group and overweight group were significantly higher than those of control group while IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in serum as well as CD44V6, N-cadherin, FAK, ICAM-1, GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT mRNA expression in endometrial tissue were significantly lower than those of control group;IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in serum of obesity group were significantly higher than those of overweight group while IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in serum as well as CD44V6, N-cadherin, FAK, ICAM-1, GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT mRNA expression in endometrial tissue were significantly lower than those of overweight group. Conclusion: Weight gain can aggravate the Th1/Th2 disorder, reduce the adhesion molecule expression and hinder the insulin signal transduction in infertile patients.

Progress of Triglyceride Glucose Index in Lesion Severity and Prognosis of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: In response to the escalating burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide, exacerbated by lifestyle changes and socioeconomic shifts, acute coronary syndromes (ACS) stand out as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The pivotal role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, independent of traditional risk factors, has garnered significant interest. Objective: This review aims to synthesize the recent advancements in the utilization of the triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) as a biomarker for assessing the severity and predicting the prognosis of ACS lesions. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, incorporating keywords such as “triglyceride glucose index”, “TyG index”, “acute coronary syndrome”, “cardiovascular disease”, “insulin resistance”, “coronary artery calcification”, “SYNTAX score”, “Gensini score”, and “major adverse cardiac events”. Studies were included from the inception of each database up to July 2024. Selection criteria encompassed observational studies, case-control studies, and randomized controlled trials, with a particular emphasis on evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic value of the TyG index in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Ultimately, 46 publications met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed in accordance with established guidelines. Results: Evidence suggests that the TyG index, reflecting insulin resistance, blood glucose, and lipid levels, is significantly associated with lesion severity in ACS, including coronary artery calcification, SYNTAX score, and Gensini score. Moreover, it demonstrates predictive power for major adverse cardiovascular events, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool in clinical decision-making. Conclusion: The review highlights the emerging role of the TyG index in the assessment and prognosis of ACS, advocating for its incorporation into clinical practice as a complement to existing diagnostic modalities. However, the establishment of standardized reference ranges and further validation across diverse populations are warranted to refine its applicability in personalized medicine. The interdisciplinary approach is essential to advance our understanding of the complex interplay between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, paving the way for the development of more effective prevention and treatment strategies.

初诊T2DM患者BMI与GA、GA/HbA1c、HOMA-IR的关系

目的探讨不同体重指数(BMI)分级的初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)水平与糖化白蛋白(GA)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、GA/HbA1c的关系。方法选取120例初诊T2DM患者,根据BMI将其分为正常组(BMI<24 kg·m^(-2),n=40)、超重组(24 kg·m^(-2)≤BMI≤28 kg·m^(-2),n=40)、肥胖组(BMI>28 kg·m^(-2),n=40)。比较3组一般生化指标、GA、HbA1c、GA/HbA1c、HOMA-IR水平;BMI分级与GA、HbA1c、GA/HbA1c、HOMA-IR的关系,3组HOMA-IR与GA、HbA1c、GA/HbA1c的关系均采用Spearman秩相关分析。结果3组空腹胰岛素(Fins)、HOMA-IR、HbA1c、GA、GA/HbA1c水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常组Fins、HOMA-IR高于肥胖组(P<0.05);HbA1c水平比较:超重组与肥胖组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),超重组与肥胖组均高于正常组(P<0.05)。BMI分级与GA、GA/HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.482、r=-0.828,P<0.05),与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.293,P<0.05)。正常组HOMA-IR与GA、HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.407、r=0.546,P<0.05),与GA/HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.405,P<0.05);超重组HOMA-IR与GA、HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.374、r=0.826,P<0.05),与GA/HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.630,P<0.05);肥胖组HOMA-IR与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.596,P<0.05),与GA/HbA1c呈负相关(r=-0.847,P<0.05),但与GA无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论初诊T2DM患者可以采用GA、GA/HbA1c评估患者血糖情况,且诊疗过程中应考虑BMI对血糖的影响,尤其是肥胖体质患者。

7～14岁学生HOMA-IR指数分布及与代谢综合征和炎症因子的关系

目的探讨7～14岁学生稳态胰岛素评估模型胰岛素抵抗(HOMA-IR)指数的分布及与代谢综合征和炎症因子的关系。方法采集366名7～14岁学生(男生163名,女生203名)的人体测量指标(体质量、身高、体质量指数、腰围、臀围、腰臀比)、血压、总体脂肪质量、脂肪比例、空腹血脂、空腹血糖和空腹血胰岛素等数据,检测血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白介素-6(IL-6)等炎症因子水平,采用HOMA-IR指数评估胰岛素抵抗。结果男、女学生的HOMA-IR指数第75百分位值分别为3.62和2.88。体质量、身高、体质量指数、腰围、臀围、总体脂肪质量和脂肪比例均与HOMA-IR指数呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。HOMA-IR指数超过第75百分位值,男、女学生的年龄、人体测量指标、总体脂肪质量、脂肪比例和收缩压显著增加(P<0.05),舒张压无显著变化;男生的血清TNF-α和IL-6水平显著增加(P<0.05),CRP水平无显著变化;但女生的血清TNF-α、IL-6和CRP水平均无显著变化。结论HOMA-IR指数增高,男生的人体测量指标、总体脂肪质量、脂肪比例、血清TNF-α和IL-6水平等显著增加,女生仅表现为人体测量指标、总体脂肪质量和脂肪比例等增加,而血清炎症因子水平无显著变化。

慢性心力衰竭患者三酰甘油葡萄糖指数与心房颤动发生的相关性研究

背景胰岛素抵抗(IR)与心房颤动(AF)及心房重构有关,三酰甘油葡萄糖(TyG)指数作为IR新型简单且有价值的指标与慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者发生AF相关性的研究甚少。目的探讨CHF患者TyG指数与AF发生风险的相关性。方法回顾性选取2021年1月—2022年1月在郑州大学第二附属医院心血管内科住院的CHF患者417例为研究对象,根据CHF患者是否发生AF将其分为两组:AF组(138例)和非AF组(279例)。依据四分位数将TyG指数分为4个水平:Q1(TyG指数≤8.20)、Q2(8.20<TyG指数≤8.44)、Q3(8.44<TyG指数≤8.84)、Q4(TyG指数>8.84)。通过医院电子病历系统收集患者基线资料,包括TyG指数及基本资料、实验室检查指标、超声心动图资料等。利用LASSO回归分析进行变量筛选,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨CHF患者TyG指数与AF发生风险的相关性,并构建回归模型。同时采用受试者工作特征曲线分析TyG指数对CHF患者发生AF的预测价值。绘制TyG指数与CHF患者AF发生风险相关性的限制性立方样条图。结果AF组患者BMI,美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级Ⅲ~Ⅳ级、高血压比例,血尿酸(SUA)、三酰甘油、血尿素氮(BUN)、空腹血糖、N末端B型钠尿肽前体、TyG指数、左心房内径(LAD),β受体阻滞剂、钙拮抗剂、利尿剂使用比例高于非AF组,而总胆固醇(TC)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、左心室射血分数,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)类药物使用比例低于非AF组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并高血压(OR=1.749,95%CI=1.048~2.918,P=0.032)、BUN升高(OR=1.269,95%CI=1.104~1.457,P=0.001)、SUA升高(OR=1.002,95%CI=1.000~1.005,P=0.047)、TyG指数升高(OR=2.360,95%CI=1.397~3.987,P=0.001)、LAD升高(OR=1.065,95%CI=1.034~1.097,P<0.001)、使用利尿剂(OR=4.019,95%CI=2.140~7.548,P<0.001)是CHF患者发生AF的危险因素;Ccr升高(OR=0.985,95%CI=0.975~0.996,P=0.006)、TC升高(OR=0.587,95%CI=0.445~0.775,P<0.001)、使用ACEI/ARB类药物(OR=0.427,95%CI=0.253~0.718,P=0.001)是CHF患者发生AF的保护因素。充分调整混杂因素后,与Q1水平相比,TyG指数Q2、Q3、Q4水平CHF患者AF发生风险分别是Q1水平的1.902倍、2.060倍和2.841倍(P<0.05)。限制性立方样条分析显示,TyG指数与AF发生风险呈线性正相关(P_(非线性)=0.494)。TyG指数及LASSO-Logistic回归模型预测CHF患者发生AF的曲线下面积分别为0.661(95%CI=0.608~0.724,P<0.001)、0.843(95%CI=0.803~0.882,P<0.001)。TyG指数与AF的相关性在不同亚组中一致。结论在CHF患者中,TyG指数与AF发生独立相关,且在识别该类患者AF的发生中具有一定的临床价值。

糖尿病前期患者CTRPs、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β水平与2型糖尿病发生的相关性及其预测价值

目的糖尿病前期患者补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP)、稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及稳态模型评估胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)与2型糖尿病发生的相关性及其预测价值。方法选择2020年1月—2022年12月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院内分泌科收治首次诊断2型糖尿病患者60例作为观察组,首次诊断糖尿病前期患者60例作为对照组。检测并比较2组患者补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白1(CTRP1)、CTRP3、CTRP9及CTRP12,空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β。采用相关性分析、回归分析筛选2型糖尿病发生的独立危险因素,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价各独立危险因素对2型糖尿病的预测价值。结果观察组患者血清CTRP1水平低于对照组,血清CTRP9、FINS、FPG水平及HOMA-IR及HOMA-β均高于对照组患者(t/P=5.365/0.001、4.626/0.001、1.979/0.050、2.330/0.021、8.988/0.001、5.632/0.001);血清CTRP1与FPG、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β呈负相关(r/P=-0.260/0.004、-0.189/0.039、-0.262/0.004),CTRP9与HOMA-IR及HOMA-β呈正相关(r/P=0.282/0.002、0.262/0.004);血清CTRP9水平、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β升高均是2型糖尿病发生的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=5.995(1.514~23.747)、151.722(15.385~1496.220)、1.127(1.005~1.265)],而血清CTRP1水平升高是2型糖尿病发生的独立保护因素[OR(95%CI)=0.907(0.846~0.972)];HOMA-IR对2型糖尿病发生的预测价值最高(AUC=0.884,P<0.001)。结论血清升高是独立保护因素,CTRP9水平、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β均是糖尿病前期患者发生2型糖尿病的独立危险因素,其中HOMA-IR独立预测疾病发生的效能最高,对于临床具有重要指导意义。

A nutraceutical combination improves insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome

AIM:To test the efficacy of a proprietary nutraceutical combination in reducing insulin resistance associated with the metabolic syndrome(MetS).METHODS:Sixty-four patients with MetS followed at a tertiary outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to receive either placebo or a proprietary nutraceutical combination(AP)consisting of berberine,policosanol and red yeast rice,in a prospective,double-blind,placebo-controlled study.Evaluations were performed at baseline and after 18 wk of treatment.The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMAIR)index was the primary outcome measure.Secondary endpoints included lipid panel,blood glucose and insulin fasting,after a standard mixed meal and after an oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),ow-mediated dilation(FMD),and waist circumference.RESULTS:Fifty nine patients completed the study,2 withdrew because of adverse effects.After 18 wk there was a signif icant reduction in the HOMA-IR index in the AP group compared with placebo(ΔHOMA respectively-0.6 ± 1.2 vs 0.4 ± 1.9;P < 0.05).Total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol also significantly decreased in the treatment arm compared with placebo(Δlow density lipoprotein cholesterol-0.82 ± 0.68 vs-0.13 ± 0.55 mmol/L;P < 0.001),while triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,and the OGTT were not affected.In addition,there were significant reductions in blood glucose and insulin after the standard mixed meal,as well as an increase in FMD(ΔFMD 1.9 ± 4.2 vs 0 ± 1.9 %;P < 0.05)and a significant reduction in arterial systolic blood pressure in the AP arm.CONCLUSION:This short-term study shows that AP has relevant beneficial effects on insulin resistance and many other components of MetS.

NGAL联合HOMA-IR指数对高危孕妇妊娠期糖尿病的预测价值研究

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)联合胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)对高危孕妇妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的预测价值及妊娠结局。方法筛选124例具有GDM危险因素的孕妇,将其中60例GDM孕妇纳入GDM组,余64例纳入GDM高危组。比较两组孕妇血糖指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)],NGAL,血脂代谢指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]以及妊娠结局;采用受试者工作特征曲线分析NGAL、HOMA-IR及联合检测对高危孕妇GDM发生的预测价值,分析GDM组孕妇血清NGAL水平与血糖指标的相关性。结果GDM组孕妇FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、NGAL水平均较GDM高危组高(P<0.01)。两组孕妇血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NGAL联合HOMA-IR预测高危孕妇GDM发生的曲线下面积为0.858,明显高于二者单一检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDM组孕妇血清NGAL水平与FINS、HOMA-IR呈显著正相关(r=0.415、0.342,P=0.001、0.007)。GDM组早产、羊水过多、新生儿低血糖发生率明显高于GDM高危组(P<0.05)。结论高危孕妇孕期检测血清NGAL和HOMA-IR对GDM发生有一定的预测作用,联合检测可提高预测准确性,且GDM孕妇NGAL水平与胰岛素抵抗存在一定关联。

利格列汀联合门冬胰岛素50治疗肝源性糖尿病患者疗效及HOMA-IR和HOMA-β水平变化

目的观察应用利格列汀联合门冬胰岛素50治疗肝源性糖尿病患者的疗效及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)和胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)水平的变化。方法2017年1月~2019年12月我院收治的98例非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并肝源性糖尿病患者被随机分为对照组49例和观察组49例,分别给予门冬胰岛素50或门冬胰岛素50联合利格列汀治疗,两组均治疗观察12 w。使用血糖仪检测空腹血糖(FBG)和餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平,采用胶体金法检测血清糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平,并计算HOMA-IR和HOMA-β,使用全自动生化分析仪检测血清肝功能指标。结果在治疗后,观察组FPG水平为(6.3±3.9)mmol/L,显著低于对照组【(7.8±1.2)mmol/L,P<0.05】,2 h PG水平为(8.4±2.6)mmol/L,显著低于对照组【(11.5±2.8)mmol/L,P<0.05】,和HbAlc水平为(7.1±1.6)%,显著低于对照组【(8.3±1.9)%,P<0.05】;治疗后,观察组HOMA-IR为(1.5±0.2),显著低于对照组【(2.4±03),P<0.05】,而HOMA-β水平为(42.9±8.7),显著高于对照组【(33.5±7.2),P<0.05】;观察组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平为(53.9±13.7)U/L,显著低于对照组【(72.2±19.6)U/L,P<0.05】,谷草转氨酶(AST)水平为(22.1±6.3)U/L,显著低于对照组【(46.4±6.9)U/L,P<0.05】,两组谷氨酰转肽酶、总胆红素和白蛋白水平无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论应用利格列汀联合门冬胰岛素50治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并肝源性糖尿病患者能显著改善血糖水平,有效降低HOMA-IR,升高HOMA-β,改善了胰岛β细胞功能,从而改善患者的肝功能,具有良好的治疗效果。