Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through anal...Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging,the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund,and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund,development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained.Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures.Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance,followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance.We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging.展开更多
Pension insurance is a vital component of China's social security system,ensuring the welfare of the general publie.This study centers on the revenue and expenses of City S's urban employee basic pension insur...Pension insurance is a vital component of China's social security system,ensuring the welfare of the general publie.This study centers on the revenue and expenses of City S's urban employee basic pension insurance fund.It introduces and analyzes the fund's accounting status from four key perspectives:fund raising.expenditure,financial statement system,and accounting information disclosure.The research identifes existing problems in City S's accounting system and conducts in-depth research on these issues.Furthermore,an empirical analysis is conducted on the management of the pension insurance fund.Through this empirical study,the paper aims to offer insights and recommendations for promoting stable and healthy development measures for City S'8 urban employee basic pension insurance fund.展开更多
The function of the unemployment insurance funds arc: ensuring the basic life and stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting employment, on the one hand, it guarantee basic livings of the unemploycd, ...The function of the unemployment insurance funds arc: ensuring the basic life and stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting employment, on the one hand, it guarantee basic livings of the unemploycd, in order to reduce the impact on the individual and society. On the other hand, it also has a function of stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting unemployed again obtain employment. In recent years, however, the unemployment insurance fund revenue has been greater than its expenditure, balance funds become more and more, it not only faces a risk of depreciation, also will cause the waste of funds. Therefore, improve the utilization rate of the uncmployment insurance fund itself and expand the function of the unemployment insurance fund, realize the sustainable development of unemployment insurance funds is great significance.展开更多
Maternity insurance fund is an important part of social insurance fund. It plays an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of pregnant women and improving the welfare of women. With the expansion of t...Maternity insurance fund is an important part of social insurance fund. It plays an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of pregnant women and improving the welfare of women. With the expansion of the balance of the birth insurance fund, the balance of income and expenditure has become a difficult goal to be reached. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the operating efficiency of the birth insurance fund, discover the problems of the birth insurance system, and put forward some suggestions to improve the efficiency of the birth insurance fund and promote the perfection of the birth insurance.展开更多
The sustainable development of the endowment insurance fund is the most basic fulcrum to the healthy development of the pension insurance system.The sustainable development of Chinese endowment insurance fund, we must...The sustainable development of the endowment insurance fund is the most basic fulcrum to the healthy development of the pension insurance system.The sustainable development of Chinese endowment insurance fund, we must adhere to the "wide coverage, basic, multi-level, The basic principle of sustainable ". In order to achieve the security of endowment insurance fund, sustainable development should be adopted .The countermeasures are: firstly, the implementation of sustainable legal raising mode; secondly, to determine the reasonable payment level, expanding .Large endowment insurance coverage;thirdly, to implement the State Administration by main market managementPrivate management and sustainable.展开更多
Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the con...Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the construction of economic development, social progrcss and harmonious society. However, due to many factors, the operation of the social health insurance fund is facing greater risk. Although the balance is rich, but the general talk about the "balance", inevitably fall into the "too optimistic, ignore the risk" of the errors, the current basic medical insurance system, compared with working employees, retirement elderly people do not pay, personal accounts into more, The overall proportion of individual funds to pay lower policy concessions. Although there is a large amount of surplus in the annual health insurance fund, a large part of the balance is due to the relatively young age structure of the insured population and the low consumption of health insurance funds. With the increasing level of the aging of the insured population, the ratio of on-the-job and the backward is gradually reduced, the effect of these preferential policies will continue to enlarge, making the total fund expenditure increased significantly. Therefore, it is an important task to reform the basic medical insurance system in China to strengthen the research on risk control in the medical insurance fund of urban workers, to prevent and control the risks faced by the fund and to ensure the safety of the fund.展开更多
Objective To provide a reference for future budget of health insurance fund for the COVID-19 pandemic in other parts of China or other major public health events.Meanwhile,it also offers a reference for the government...Objective To provide a reference for future budget of health insurance fund for the COVID-19 pandemic in other parts of China or other major public health events.Meanwhile,it also offers a reference for the government to introduce and adjust the policy of health insurance funds after the pandemic.Methods Models of the income,expenditure and cumulative balance of health insurance fund in Hubei Province in 2020 were established and compared.The former was mainly established and tested using SPSS 26.0 and Excel,while the latter was obtained by inferential analysis.Results and Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the income and increased expenditure of the health insurance fund in Hubei Province in 2020,resulting in a deficit.The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a deficit in health insurance fund of Hubei Province in the short term,but in the long term,the outbreak will not have a major impact on the health insurance fund.展开更多
To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.Th...To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.The results reveal the following:(i)Without policy intervention,the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050.(i)Based on a delayed retirement policy,the transfer of 10 percent of state-owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years,and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by I1.77 percentage points.(ii)The state-owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.展开更多
The funding and payout system of social insurance has a significant impact on both the welfare of individuals and the national governance.Budget performance management can optimize fiscal resource allocation and enhan...The funding and payout system of social insurance has a significant impact on both the welfare of individuals and the national governance.Budget performance management can optimize fiscal resource allocation and enhance the quality of public services.The inclusion of the social insurance fund budget in the national budget in 2013 as one of China's"four budgets"underscores the public value orientation it represents and shapes.The main challenge in enhancing the social insurance fund budget system lies in balancing the insurance attribute and the welfare attribute of social insurance,using an inclusive approach to achieve actuarial balance and budget balance,address potential imbalances,forecast and prevent future risks,and alleviate operational pressures.In the future,it is vital to raise the level of budget performance management for social insurance fund through scientific and reasonable performance evaluations,promote high-quality and sustainable development of China's social security programs,and realize shared development in the new phase of Chinese modernization.展开更多
Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of t...Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of this policy on the financial status of the social pooling fund of basic pension insurance for urban employees. Our study suggests the followings. First, under the previous unchanged family planning policy, current deficits and cumulative deficits will occur in the social pooling fund in the year 2047 and 2063 respectively. Second, if lO% to 50% of qualified couples choose to raise a second child, the financial status of the social pooling fund will improve; relative to the previous unchanged family planning policy, the contribution ratio can decrease from 20% to the range between 18.06% and 19.57% without causing any changes to the original financial status of income and expenditure. Third, if the percentage of couples choosing to raise a second child rises to 60% to 100%, the contribution ratio can even decrease to the range between 16.55% and 17. 7% without causing any changes to the financial status as under the previous unchanged family planning policy. The above conclusions have all passed the sensitivity test. Therefore, the "two-child policy" for qualified couples is favorable to alleviating the payment pressures of pension insurance but the policy effectiveness is subject to fertility desire and the intensity of government implementation.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappro...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappropriate use of medicines is a global concern with serious con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sequences related to prescribing, dispensing, and use. WHO estimate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d that 50% of medicines are not used correctly on their journey from the facility to home. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To assess medicines use using WHO drug core indicators rega</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rding prescribing, patient, and facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Outpatients, Hea</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lth centers in Wadmadani locality (Urban area) in Gezira State, Sudan. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study was conducted in 30 health centers and 60 patients from each center were selected using a simple random sampling technique. WHO indicators form was used to collect data containing different variables. T-test at a level of confidence of 95% was used to test differences between indicators. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The main prescribing indicators were 2.5 ± 0.6 for drugs per encounter, 44.1% ± 14.2%. Generic 54 ± 18.0 antibiotics, 12.0% ± 9.3% injectable, and 95.2% ± 11.5% of drugs were prescribed according to the NHIF-EML. The main patient’s indicators were, 2.9 ± 0.8 minutes for consultation time, 99.5 ± 36.8 seconds for dispensing time, and 72.5% ± 16.0% for medicines actually dispensed, 49.0% ± 18.0% for medicines adequately labeled, and 22.5% ± 7.3% of the patient’s knowledge about the correct dose. The Facility specific indicators were 66.7% for the availability of a copy of EML, while the percentage of key drugs in the stock was 75.3% ± 11.6%. No statistically significant differences were found between direct and indirect facilities except in generic prescribing. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measure</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> Interventions to improve Generic and antibiotics prescribing indicators. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The patient-to-physician ratio should be revised to optimize consultation time. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The availability of key drugs should be improved to make sure effective treatment. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The pharmacy cadre should be oriented and trained to improve patients’ compliance. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study concluded that there was irrational use of medicines when investigated by WHO drug core indicators. So, the study recommended interventions to improve the rationale prescribing, dispensing, and use of medicines.</span></span>展开更多
The supply of basic pension is seriously lacking, the personal accounts is operated with no money. This is a problem belonging to conversion cost in essence. This paper points out that the government should undertake ...The supply of basic pension is seriously lacking, the personal accounts is operated with no money. This is a problem belonging to conversion cost in essence. This paper points out that the government should undertake the responsibility to solve the problem by using the increment method and stock method to repay the latent liability; then the government can enrich the personal accounts in response to the aging population crisis and the concussion brought by the endowment insurance system's conversion.展开更多
With the rapid population aging,the payment crisis of China’s pension insurance fund is increasing yearly.The government adjusts fertility policy to alleviate population aging and improve the solvency of pension insu...With the rapid population aging,the payment crisis of China’s pension insurance fund is increasing yearly.The government adjusts fertility policy to alleviate population aging and improve the solvency of pension insurance fund.On January1,2016,China’s fertility policy was adjusted from“selective two-child policy”to universal two-child policy.This paper establishes actuarial models to analyze how fertility policy adjustment influences the pension insurance fund and concludes as follows:(1)if the“one-child policy”were still employed,the accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would appear in the year of 2076;(2)if all couples that satisfy the rules of“selective two-child policy”bear the second child,the time of accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would be postponed by about 9 years;(3)after implementing universal two-child policy,the time of accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would delay under different situations of fertility intentions,if more than 54% of the qualified couples bear a second child,the accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would not appear before 2090.The above conclusions have passed the sensitivity tests.Therefore,“two-child policy”can alleviate the payment pressure of pension insurance fund.If the government wants to solve the payment crisis of pension insurance fund,fertility intentions should be improved.展开更多
文摘Objective To explore the impact of population aging on the expenditures of medical insurance funds against the background that great changes in population structure influences economic development.Methods Through analyzing the impact of the population aging,the income and accumulated balance of the medical insurance fund,and other related factors on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund,development status of the medical insurance fund for urban employees in China since 2003 was obtained.Stata 16.0 was used to perform multiple linear regression analysis on related factors to determine the correlation between population aging and the change in medical insurance expenditures.Results and Conclusion The factors that have a greater impact on the expenditure of the medical insurance fund are the amount of income from the medical insurance,followed by the number of people over the age of 65 in China and the urban retired employees participating in medical insurance.We should focus on the sustainable development of the urban employee medical insurance fund to deal with the threat of aging.
文摘Pension insurance is a vital component of China's social security system,ensuring the welfare of the general publie.This study centers on the revenue and expenses of City S's urban employee basic pension insurance fund.It introduces and analyzes the fund's accounting status from four key perspectives:fund raising.expenditure,financial statement system,and accounting information disclosure.The research identifes existing problems in City S's accounting system and conducts in-depth research on these issues.Furthermore,an empirical analysis is conducted on the management of the pension insurance fund.Through this empirical study,the paper aims to offer insights and recommendations for promoting stable and healthy development measures for City S'8 urban employee basic pension insurance fund.
文摘The function of the unemployment insurance funds arc: ensuring the basic life and stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting employment, on the one hand, it guarantee basic livings of the unemploycd, in order to reduce the impact on the individual and society. On the other hand, it also has a function of stabling employment, preventing unemployment and promoting unemployed again obtain employment. In recent years, however, the unemployment insurance fund revenue has been greater than its expenditure, balance funds become more and more, it not only faces a risk of depreciation, also will cause the waste of funds. Therefore, improve the utilization rate of the uncmployment insurance fund itself and expand the function of the unemployment insurance fund, realize the sustainable development of unemployment insurance funds is great significance.
文摘Maternity insurance fund is an important part of social insurance fund. It plays an important role in safeguarding the rights and interests of pregnant women and improving the welfare of women. With the expansion of the balance of the birth insurance fund, the balance of income and expenditure has become a difficult goal to be reached. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the operating efficiency of the birth insurance fund, discover the problems of the birth insurance system, and put forward some suggestions to improve the efficiency of the birth insurance fund and promote the perfection of the birth insurance.
文摘The sustainable development of the endowment insurance fund is the most basic fulcrum to the healthy development of the pension insurance system.The sustainable development of Chinese endowment insurance fund, we must adhere to the "wide coverage, basic, multi-level, The basic principle of sustainable ". In order to achieve the security of endowment insurance fund, sustainable development should be adopted .The countermeasures are: firstly, the implementation of sustainable legal raising mode; secondly, to determine the reasonable payment level, expanding .Large endowment insurance coverage;thirdly, to implement the State Administration by main market managementPrivate management and sustainable.
文摘Social health insurance is an important part of the social security system. It is the "stabilizer" of social and economic development and the "buffer" of reform. It is of great significance and function to the construction of economic development, social progrcss and harmonious society. However, due to many factors, the operation of the social health insurance fund is facing greater risk. Although the balance is rich, but the general talk about the "balance", inevitably fall into the "too optimistic, ignore the risk" of the errors, the current basic medical insurance system, compared with working employees, retirement elderly people do not pay, personal accounts into more, The overall proportion of individual funds to pay lower policy concessions. Although there is a large amount of surplus in the annual health insurance fund, a large part of the balance is due to the relatively young age structure of the insured population and the low consumption of health insurance funds. With the increasing level of the aging of the insured population, the ratio of on-the-job and the backward is gradually reduced, the effect of these preferential policies will continue to enlarge, making the total fund expenditure increased significantly. Therefore, it is an important task to reform the basic medical insurance system in China to strengthen the research on risk control in the medical insurance fund of urban workers, to prevent and control the risks faced by the fund and to ensure the safety of the fund.
文摘Objective To provide a reference for future budget of health insurance fund for the COVID-19 pandemic in other parts of China or other major public health events.Meanwhile,it also offers a reference for the government to introduce and adjust the policy of health insurance funds after the pandemic.Methods Models of the income,expenditure and cumulative balance of health insurance fund in Hubei Province in 2020 were established and compared.The former was mainly established and tested using SPSS 26.0 and Excel,while the latter was obtained by inferential analysis.Results and Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the income and increased expenditure of the health insurance fund in Hubei Province in 2020,resulting in a deficit.The COVID-19 outbreak has caused a deficit in health insurance fund of Hubei Province in the short term,but in the long term,the outbreak will not have a major impact on the health insurance fund.
基金supported financially by the National Social ScienceFund of China(No.21CZZ028).
文摘To analyze the efect of the state-owned capital transfer policy on the sustainability of China's urban employee basic pension insurance fund(CUEBPIF),this study develops an actuarial model for pension insurance.The results reveal the following:(i)Without policy intervention,the CUEBPIF would face a deficit in 2027 and a cumulative shortfall of RMB207.44 trillion by 2050,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies for the CUEBPIF in the total fiscal expenditure would increase to 12.86 percent in 2050.(i)Based on a delayed retirement policy,the transfer of 10 percent of state-owned capital can delay the onset of the fund deficit by 6 years,and the accumulated shortfall in 2050 would fall to RMB39.42 trillion,and the proportion of fiscal subsidies would decrease by I1.77 percentage points.(ii)The state-owned capital transfer policy can improve the sustainability of the CUEBPIF and reduce the burden of enterprise social security contributions when the transfer ratio increases to 20 percent.
基金supported by the major program of the National Social Science Fund of China titled"Research on the Implementation Path of Relative Poverty Alleviation in the Context of Building a ModeratelyProsperous SocietyinAll Respects" (No.22&ZDo60).
文摘The funding and payout system of social insurance has a significant impact on both the welfare of individuals and the national governance.Budget performance management can optimize fiscal resource allocation and enhance the quality of public services.The inclusion of the social insurance fund budget in the national budget in 2013 as one of China's"four budgets"underscores the public value orientation it represents and shapes.The main challenge in enhancing the social insurance fund budget system lies in balancing the insurance attribute and the welfare attribute of social insurance,using an inclusive approach to achieve actuarial balance and budget balance,address potential imbalances,forecast and prevent future risks,and alleviate operational pressures.In the future,it is vital to raise the level of budget performance management for social insurance fund through scientific and reasonable performance evaluations,promote high-quality and sustainable development of China's social security programs,and realize shared development in the new phase of Chinese modernization.
基金sponsored by the National Social Sciences Foundation Program,An Evaluation of the Impact of China’s Family Planning Policy Adjustment on the Sustainability of the Social Security Fund and A Study of the Relevant Countermeasures(Grant No.15XRK005,chaired by:Zeng Yi)
文摘Based on the reality that 29 Chinese provinces have already implemented the policy allowing a couple to raise a second child if either parent is an only child, this paper provides an empirical study on the effect of this policy on the financial status of the social pooling fund of basic pension insurance for urban employees. Our study suggests the followings. First, under the previous unchanged family planning policy, current deficits and cumulative deficits will occur in the social pooling fund in the year 2047 and 2063 respectively. Second, if lO% to 50% of qualified couples choose to raise a second child, the financial status of the social pooling fund will improve; relative to the previous unchanged family planning policy, the contribution ratio can decrease from 20% to the range between 18.06% and 19.57% without causing any changes to the original financial status of income and expenditure. Third, if the percentage of couples choosing to raise a second child rises to 60% to 100%, the contribution ratio can even decrease to the range between 16.55% and 17. 7% without causing any changes to the financial status as under the previous unchanged family planning policy. The above conclusions have all passed the sensitivity test. Therefore, the "two-child policy" for qualified couples is favorable to alleviating the payment pressures of pension insurance but the policy effectiveness is subject to fertility desire and the intensity of government implementation.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Inappropriate use of medicines is a global concern with serious con</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sequences related to prescribing, dispensing, and use. WHO estimate</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">d that 50% of medicines are not used correctly on their journey from the facility to home. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: To assess medicines use using WHO drug core indicators rega</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rding prescribing, patient, and facilities. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Setting</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: Outpatients, Hea</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lth centers in Wadmadani locality (Urban area) in Gezira State, Sudan. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: A cross-sectional, prospective, analytical study was conducted in 30 health centers and 60 patients from each center were selected using a simple random sampling technique. WHO indicators form was used to collect data containing different variables. T-test at a level of confidence of 95% was used to test differences between indicators. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data analysis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The main prescribing indicators were 2.5 ± 0.6 for drugs per encounter, 44.1% ± 14.2%. Generic 54 ± 18.0 antibiotics, 12.0% ± 9.3% injectable, and 95.2% ± 11.5% of drugs were prescribed according to the NHIF-EML. The main patient’s indicators were, 2.9 ± 0.8 minutes for consultation time, 99.5 ± 36.8 seconds for dispensing time, and 72.5% ± 16.0% for medicines actually dispensed, 49.0% ± 18.0% for medicines adequately labeled, and 22.5% ± 7.3% of the patient’s knowledge about the correct dose. The Facility specific indicators were 66.7% for the availability of a copy of EML, while the percentage of key drugs in the stock was 75.3% ± 11.6%. No statistically significant differences were found between direct and indirect facilities except in generic prescribing. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Main Outcome Measure</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> Interventions to improve Generic and antibiotics prescribing indicators. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The patient-to-physician ratio should be revised to optimize consultation time. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The availability of key drugs should be improved to make sure effective treatment. <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">•</span></span> The pharmacy cadre should be oriented and trained to improve patients’ compliance. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">: The study concluded that there was irrational use of medicines when investigated by WHO drug core indicators. So, the study recommended interventions to improve the rationale prescribing, dispensing, and use of medicines.</span></span>
文摘The supply of basic pension is seriously lacking, the personal accounts is operated with no money. This is a problem belonging to conversion cost in essence. This paper points out that the government should undertake the responsibility to solve the problem by using the increment method and stock method to repay the latent liability; then the government can enrich the personal accounts in response to the aging population crisis and the concussion brought by the endowment insurance system's conversion.
文摘With the rapid population aging,the payment crisis of China’s pension insurance fund is increasing yearly.The government adjusts fertility policy to alleviate population aging and improve the solvency of pension insurance fund.On January1,2016,China’s fertility policy was adjusted from“selective two-child policy”to universal two-child policy.This paper establishes actuarial models to analyze how fertility policy adjustment influences the pension insurance fund and concludes as follows:(1)if the“one-child policy”were still employed,the accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would appear in the year of 2076;(2)if all couples that satisfy the rules of“selective two-child policy”bear the second child,the time of accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would be postponed by about 9 years;(3)after implementing universal two-child policy,the time of accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would delay under different situations of fertility intentions,if more than 54% of the qualified couples bear a second child,the accumulated deficit of pension insurance fund would not appear before 2090.The above conclusions have passed the sensitivity tests.Therefore,“two-child policy”can alleviate the payment pressure of pension insurance fund.If the government wants to solve the payment crisis of pension insurance fund,fertility intentions should be improved.