Optimal Planning of Community Integrated Energy Station Considering Frequency Regulation Service

With the extensive integration of high-penetration renewable energy resources,more fast-response frequency regulation(FR)providers are required to eliminate the impact of uncertainties from loads and distributed generators(DGs)on system security and stability.As a high-quality FR resource,community integrated energy station(CIES)can effectively respond to frequency deviation caused by renewable energy generation,helping to solve the frequency problem of power system.This paper proposes an optimal planning model of CIES considering FR service.First,the model of FR service is established to unify the time scale of FR service and economic operation.Then,an optimal planning model of CIES considering FR service is proposed,with which the revenue of participating in the FR service is obtained under market mechanism.The flexible electricity pricing model is introduced to flatten the peak tieline power of CIES.Case studies are conducted to analyze the annual cost and the revenue of CIES participating in FR service,which suggest that providing ancillary services can bring potential revenue.

Community Integrated Energy System Trading:A Comprehensive Review

Focused on life,consumption,and leisure,communities have been regarded as the basic unit of energy use in a city owing to rapid urbanization,whose energy use density continues to increase.Moreover,community integrated energy systems(CIESs)in the rapid development stage have become embedded,small,and self-sufficient energy ecosystems within cities because of their environmental and economic benefits.CIESs face a competitive energy trading environment that comprises numerous entities and complicated relationships.This paper presents an extensive review of various issues related to CIES trading.First,the concepts,types,and resources of CIESs are described.Second,the trading patterns and strategies of CIESs are reviewed from the four perspectives of the trading objects:community-to-peer(C2P),peer-to-peer(P2P),community-to-community(C2C),and community-to-grid(C2G).Third,a tri-layer trading framework and the features of CIESs that participate in combined multienergy markets are proposed.Last,the key issues in CIES trading are summarized.

Evolutionary Game-theoretic Analysis for Residential Users Considering Integrated Demand Response

As an important part of demand side,residential users have the characteristics of imperfect rationality and strong randomness,which are rarely considered in the existing study.Moreover,to effectively improve the energy efficiency,integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed as an effective measure to reduce the local energy supply pressure.This paper focuses on a scenario for IDR programs,in which the intelligent building aggregator(IBA)wants to encourage residential users to participate in IDR according to a proper contract price policy.To analyze how the participation degree tendency evolves over time,an evolutionary game approach is proposed considering residential users’bounded-rationality.A symmetric evolutionary game model and an asymmetric evolutionary game model are established,and the stability of equilibrium points in the above models is proven.Simulation results show that different contract price policies will obviously influence residential users’strategy,and affect the stable equilibrium points of the evolutionary game.The simulation results provide an effective reference for IBA to set proper and effective price incentives.