Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality and Environmental Driving Factors in Different Soil Types of Artificial Forests

The aim was to clarify the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators in artificial forests of Guangxi and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility level.By collecting data on the current status of soil in artificial forests,the spatial distribution of major soil fertility indicators was analyzed,and the distribution map of the fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region and the comprehensive fertility index of artificial forests of different soil types were obtained.Canonical correspondence analysis method was used to analyze soil fertility indicators and environmental factors,and the environmental driving factors of soil fertility indicators for artificial forests of the main soil types in Guangxi were obtained.The results showed that over 90%of the soil fertility index of artificial forests in the entire region was between 0.20 and 0.50.The order of soil fertility index of different soil types of artificial forests from high to low was yellow brown soil>yellow red soil>yellow soil>red soil>limestone soil>latosolic red soil>laterite.In artificial forests of latosolic red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and organic matter,annual average temperature was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and organic matter,pH was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and environmental factors such as slope,altitude,rainfall,accumulated temperature,and slope aspect was high.In artificial forests of red soil,the correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,altitude was high,while the correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall was high,and the correlation between soil available potassium and pH was high.In artificial forests of limestone soil,there was a high correlation between soil alkaline nitrogen and slope,organic matter,a high correlation between soil available phosphorus and accumulated temperature,rainfall,and a high correlation between soil available potassium and pH.

Integrated agronomic practice increases maize grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency under various soil fertility conditions

Crop yield potential can be increased through the use of appropriate agronomic practices. Integrated agronomic practice (IAP) is an effective way to increase maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE);however, the physiological processes associated with gains in yield potential obtained from IAP, particularly the different under various soil fertility conditions, remain poorly understood. An IAP strategy including optimal planting density, split fertilizer application, and subsoiling tillage was evaluated over two growing seasons to determine whether the effects of IAP on maize yield and NUE differ under different levels of soil fertility. Compared to farmers' practices (FP), IAP increased maize grain yield in 2013 and 2014 by 25% and 28%, respectively, in low soil fertility (LSF) fields and by 36% and 37%, respectively, in high soil fertility (HSF) fields. The large yield gap was attributed mainly to greater dry matter (DM) and N accumulation with IAP than with FP owing to increased leaf area index (LAI) and DM accumulation rate, which were promoted by greater soil mineral N content (Nmin) and root length. Post-silking DM and N accumulation were also greater with IAP than with FP under HSF conditions, accounting for 60% and 43%, respectively, of total biomass and N accumulation;however, no significant differences were found for post-silking DM and N accumulation between IAP and FP under LSF conditions. Thus, the increase in grain yield with IAP was greater under HSF than under LSF. Because of greater grain yield and N uptake, IAP significantly increased N partial factor productivity, agronomic N efficiency, N recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency of applied N compared to FP, particularly in the HSF fields. These results indicate that considerable further increases in yield and NUE can be obtained by increasing effective soil N content and maize root length to promote post-silking N and DM accumulation in maize planted at high plant density, especially in fields with low soil fertility.

Utilization of Wood Biomass for Organic Soil Based on the Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)

Possibility of wood biomass for preparing organic soil was examined to construct reproducible and stable organic standard soil. Seven organic soils were constructed from base soils and additive materials based on the recommended values of the soil fertility index (SOFIX) (total carbon ≥ 25,000 mg/kg, total nitrogen ≥ 1500 mg/kg, total phosphorus ≥ 1100, and total potassium of 2500 to 10,000 mg/kg). Base soils were prepared from two types of wood biomass (big- and small-sized wood chips) at 50%, 60%, and 70% (v/v) and other organic materials such as peat moss, black soil, and mountain soil. Additive materials (soybean meal, oil cake, cow manure, and bone meal) were amended into all organic soils at the same amount. Incubation experiment showed that bacterial biomass in all organic soil was greater than 6 × 108 cells/g-soil after addition of 30% of water content for 1 week. In addition, polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis resulted in a stable bacterial diversity of the organic soil prepared from the small size wood chip at 70%. Chemical properties of all organic soils were within the recommended values of SOFIX. The plant cultivation experiment showed that fresh Brassica rapa var. peruviridis weights in the organic soils with 50%, 60%, and 70% of small-sized wood chip were 5%, 16%, and 27% higher than that of the chemical fertilizer-amended soil. The organic soil with 70% of small wood chip was the best in the seven organic soils in this study.

Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Impact of <i>Mucuna</i>and <i>Tithonia</i>Biomass on Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>L.) Performance in Smallholder Farming Systems

Many views, paradigms and concepts have been advocated in recent decades on soil fertility and soil conservation across the globe in order to provide sustainable solutions to the rising food and nutrition insecurity while preserving the natural resource base. Meanwhile, food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is mainly achieved through smallholder farming systems that are characterized by poor and declining soil fertility, which often leads to low crop yields and low income. Hence, a field trial was established to evaluate the impact of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) practices on tomato yield and the farm-scale income in smallholder farming systems. The ISFM trial comprised a control with no input, mineral fertilizer, and organic treatments comprising sole Mucuna and Tithonia biomasses as well as their combination (Mucuna + Tithonia). Generally, tomato performance was better with organic plant biomass amendments, with significantly higher (P Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer compared to the control. Meanwhile in comparison to the control, Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia recorded 3.5 and 3.4 t ha-1 more yield, respectively, which was about twice the additional yield for sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer with 1.8 and 1.5 t ha-1, respectively (Tukey’s HSD, P Mucuna + Tithonia and sole Tithonia, followed by sole Mucuna and mineral fertilizer, as compared to the control (Tukey’s HSD, P P P Mucuna + Tithonia biomass materials or their sole applications as basal mulch to improve tomato production. Thus, these organic amendments could be an alternative and sustainable integrated soil fertility management strategy to boost tomato production and farm-scale income without jeopardizing the sustainability of the environment. However, this requires more efforts to adapt the different ISFM techniques to the specific needs of smallholder farmers, coupled with effective dissemination strategies that facilitate knowledge transfer and technology adoption.

Characterization of Orchard Fields Based on Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)

Soil samples from 139 agricultural orchard fields (apple, grape, tea, and others) were analyzed using the soil fertility index. From these samples, an orchard field database was constructed and the soil properties between orchard, upland, and paddy fields were compared. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was 7.4 × 108 cells/g-soil, ranging from not detected (lower than 6.6 × 106 cells/g-soil) to 7.7 × 109 cells/g-soil. The average values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), were 24,000 mg/kg (2670 to 128,100 mg/kg), 1460 mg/kg (133 to 6400 mg/kg), 1030 mg/kg (142 to 5362 mg/kg), and 5370 mg/kg (1214 to 18,155 mg/kg), respectively. The C/N and C/P ratios were 19 (3 to 85) and 27 (2 to 101), respectively. Soil properties of the orchard fields were compared with those of the upland and the paddy fields. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was almost the same as that in the upland fields (8.0 × 108 cells/g-soil), but the number was lower than that in the paddy fields (12.9 × 108 cells/g-soil). The average values of TC and TN in the orchard fields fell between those in the upland fields (TC: 33,120 mg/kg, TN: 2010 mg/kg) and the paddy fields (TC: 15,420 mg/kg, TN: 1080 mg/kg). The relationship between the bacterial biomass and TC in the orchard fields resembled that in the upland fields. A suitable soil condition for the orchard fields was determined as TC: ≥25,000 mg/kg, TN: ≥1500 mg/kg, TP: ≥900 mg/kg and TK: 2500 - 10,000 mg/kg. These recommended values will be effective for the improvement of the soil quality in the orchard fields by enhancing the number and activities of microorganisms.

Assessment of Agricultural Soil Quality Indices Using Mechanistic Models

Assessing soil quality is a critical strategy for diagnosing soil status and anticipating concerns in land use systems for agricultural sustainability. In this study, two soil quality assessment indices, the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) and Nemoro Quality Index (NQI), were employed using two indicator selection methods: Total Data Set (TDS) and Minimum Data Set (MDS), focusing on agricultural fields in Golestan province, Iran. A total of 89 soil samples were collected and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and plant-essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, manganese, and iron. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract MDS from TDS, and geostatistical adaptation and correlation analyses were performed to determine the optimal soil quality evaluation index. Our results show that the exponential model better suits the spatial structure of soil quality indicators (IQIMDS: 0.955). Conformity and correlation analyses indicate that the IQI index outperformed the NQI index in estimating soil quality. The superiority of the TDS technique over the MDS technique in terms of accuracy (IQITDSs kappa: 0.155). Linear relationships between different methods showed a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.43) through the application of IQI. This study suggests the use of IQIMDS to provide a reliable measurement that is particularly useful in assessing the quality of agricultural soil.

Changes in Organic Carbon Index of Grey Desert Soil in Northwest China After Long-Term Fertilization

Soil organic carbon （SOC）, soil microbial biomass carbon （SMBC） and SMBC quotient （SMBC/SOC, qSMBC） are key indexes of soil biological fertility because of the relationship to soil nutrition supply capacity. Yet it remains unknown how these three indexes change, which limits our understanding about how soil respond to different fertilization practices. Based on a 22-yr （1990-2011） long-term fertilization experiment in northwest China, we investigated the dynamics of SMBC and qSMBC during the growing period of winter wheat, the relationships between the SMBC, qSMBC, soil organic carbon （SOC） concentrations, the carbon input and grain yield of wheat as well. Fertilization treatments were 1） nonfertilization （control）; 2） chemical nitrogen plus phosphate plus potassium （NPK）; 3） NPK plus animal manure （NPKM）; 4） double NPKM （hNPKM） and 5） NPK plus straw （NPKS）. Results showed that the SMBC and qSMBC were significantly different among returning, jointing, flowering and harvest stages of wheat under long-term fertilization. And the largest values were observed in the flowering stage. Values for SMBC and qSMBC ranged from 37.5 to 106.0 mg kg1 and 0.41 to 0.61%, respectively. The mean value rank of SMBC during the whole growing period of wheat was hNPKM〉NPK_M〉NPKS〉CK〉NPK. But there were no statistically significant differences between hNPKM and NPKM, or between CK and NPK. The order for qSMBC was NPKS〉NPKM〉CK〉hNPKM〉NPK. These results indicated that NPKS significantly increased the ratio of SMBC to SOC, i.e., qSMBC, compared with NPK fertilizer or other two NPKM fertilizations. Significant linear relationships were observed between the annual carbon input and SOC （P〈0.01） or SMBC （P〈0.05）, and between the relative grain yield of wheat and the SOC content as well （P〈0.05）. But the qSMBC was not correlated with the annual carbon input. It is thus obvious that the combination of manure, straw with mineral fertilizer may be benefit to increase SOC and improve soil quality than using only mineral fertilizer.

Integration of Commercial Microbiological Products into Soil Fertility Practices as a Potential Option for Acclimatization and Growth of TC Banana in Kenya

Tissue culture (TC) banana plantlets at the in vitro stage are delicate and devoid of microbes and nutrients that are essential for establishment and subsequent growth. Some microbes are known for function best under certain soil threshold levels of macro and micronutrients and have been associated with growth and performance of TC banana. A green house and field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combining two commercial biological products [Rhizatech and ECO-T (mycorrhiza and Trichoderma based products, respectively)] with various sources of nitrogen and phosphorous including Mavuno, Minjingu phosphate rock, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), manure and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on growth and performance of TC banana in Vertisol and Rhodic Ferralsol soil conditions. Tissue culture plants were initially inoculated with Rhizatech and ECO-T at the acclimatization stage and subsequently at the beginning of the potting stage and field establishment. Addition of nutrient sources was also done at the same stages of plant growth by mixing with the soil substrates prior to planting. The performance of plants was significantly (at p ≤ 0.05) affected by the combinations of nutrient sources depending on the soil type and stage of plant development. The growth of plants in the Vertisol increased with Trichoderma combined with either organic manure, DAP or combined with a macro and micro nutrient source (Mavuno) as compared to the sole application of Trichoderma. Performance of plants treated with combination of mycorrhiza and either Mavuno and minjigu rock phosphate was consistently higher in the Rhodic Ferralsol than either mycorrhiza alone or fertilizer alone. This indicates that TC plants could highly benefit from combined application of microbiological products and inorganic and organic fertilizers. However, a prior knowledge of the product’s microbial formulation and prevailing soil conditions is essential for optimizing the potential benefits of integrating microbe-based product with inorganic and organic fertilizers.

Soil Fertility Comparison between Rotations of Tobacco-Rice (TR) and Rape-Rice (RR)

Tobacco-planting plays an important role in ensuring the high-quality tobacco raw materials supply and the local social and economic development in Chenzhou City. In recent years whether tobacco-planting is better for the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility than other crop-planting has been highly concerned. In this study, 16 soil fertility indicators and soil integrated index (IFI) were compared by 21 pairs of fields in Chenzhou city under the rotations of tobacco-rice (TF) and rice-rice (RR), and results showed that, comparing the mean values of soil fertility indicators, the contents of OM, TN, AN, AK, S and IFI were extremely significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.01), the contents of Cu, Ca, Mg and Fe were significantly higher in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05), but Mn content was significantly lower in TR than those in RR (p < 0.05). Meanwhile the contents of TP, TK and AP were insignificantly higher in TR than those in RR, and the contents of B, Mo and Zn were insignificantly lower in TR than those in RR. The above significant differences in soil fertility indicators were mainly due to relatively higher fertilizer inputs and less nutrient removal during tobacco-growing season than during rape-growing season, the net increase of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.61, 5.25 and 24.89 kg per 667 m2 respectively in tobacco-growing season, while the net decrease of N, P2O5 and K2O are 8.88, 4.70 and 4.62 kg per 667 m2 respectively in rape-growing season. C.V. of soil fertility indicators and IFI were meanly lower in TR (52.25% and 15.95%, respectively) than those in RR (63.07% and 22.12%, respectively). Comparatively, tobacco-planting can improve soil fertility better than rape-planting when rotated with late rice in Chenzhou city. For tobacco-planting, Mg fertilizer should be applied for 23.8% TR fields, while more N, K, Ca, Mg, S and B fertilizers should be applied for 42.86%, 23.81%, 14.29%, 47.62%, 80.95% and 47.62% RR fields, respectively.

Drivers of the Chemical Quality of Market Gardening Soils in the Urban and Peri-Urban Environment of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso): Impact of Fertilizers Sources and Sites Location

Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).

GIS-Based Assessment of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties as a Basis for Land Reclamation in Toshka Area, Aswan, EGYPT

The accurate assessment of soil properties is a crucial factor for composing and implementing reclamation plans. The main objective of this study was to evaluate soil chemical and physical properties and calculate the chemical and fertility index for assisting land reclamation in Toshka area. The Toshka area is located between latitudes 31°32'N and 31°36'N and longitudes 32°40'E and 32°60'E. GIS was used to select 16 sites. The results revealed the soil has undesirable characteristics. The soil pH ranged from slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline. Furthermore, it was characterized as saline (with a ECe of 4.65 - 11.45 dS⋅m−1) and moderately calcareous soil (with CaCO3 at 11.85% - 17.20%). The soil had a low soil organic matter content which did not exceed 0.18%. The soil was dominated by a sandy loam texture (62.50%) followed by a sandy clay loam texture (18.75%). The bulk density, total soil porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity values varied with 1.38 - 1.55 Mg⋅cm−3, 41.85% - 48.45% and 1.20 - 3.34 cm⋅h−1, respectively. The chemical index ranged from low to moderate quality. The correlations between the parameters osculated between negative and positive. Therefore, the soil may be reclaimed if the soil properties are improved and crop selection is optimized for this soil.

我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量

为了给我国大麦测土施磷提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标和推荐施磷量研究.结果表明,我国大麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥40.7、24.2~40.7、14.4~24.2、8.6~14.4、5.1~8.6、3.0~5.1、1.8~3.0和<1.8 mg/kg.当磷肥利用率15%~35%时,目标产量3~7.5 t/hm~2籽实大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量6~15 t/hm~2干草大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、9~50、17~100、26~150、34~200、43~250、51~300和60~350 kg/hm~2;目标产量15~45 t/hm~2青贮大麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、7~51、15~102、22~153、29~204、36~255、44~306和51~357 kg/hm~2.本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草大麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国大麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础.

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施磷提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与推荐施磷量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤有效磷第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥45、24~45、12~24、6.2~12、3.2~6.2、1.7~3.2、0.9~1.7和<0.9mg/kg。当磷肥当季利用率为15%~35%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量分别为0、4~40、9~80、13~120、17~160、21~200、26~240和30~280kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施磷量依次为0、6~50、13~100、19~150、26~200、32~250、39~300和45~350kg/hm^(2)。本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施磷奠定了科学基础。

基于突变理论的土地质量地球化学评价方法研究

为实现土壤肥力和土壤环境质量相结合的土地质量地球化学综合评价结果的高精度量化,依据赣南南康地区采集的6266组表层土壤样品测试结果,构建了以As、Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr含量等为基础的内梅罗指数和以有机质(SOM)、P、N、K、Mo、Mn、B、Cu、Zn含量等为基础的土壤综合肥力指数为控制因素的突变理论法土地质量地球化学综合评价方法,将内梅罗指数3.0修订为3.1,通过突变理论对数据进行标准化和归一化分析,比较原始内梅罗指数和修订内梅罗指数评价结果以及本文方法与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》方法的土地质量地球化学综合等级划分结果。结果表明:研究区土壤综合肥力指数均值为0.75,总体综合肥力为Ⅲ等,土壤肥力较低;土壤综合内梅罗指数均值为0.59,总体尚清洁。采用修订后的内梅罗指数3.1计算的土壤肥力指数分界值基本呈等级等间距划分。与DZ/T 0295—2016《土地质量地球化学评价规范》评价结果比较,83.57%的结果等级未发生变化,近16%等级结果增加1个等级,主要为1级和2级升为3级和4级,未出现2个及以上等级的变化,评价结果显示3级、4级面积占比为94.11%、5.30%。本文方法可用于土地质量地球化学综合等级评价,评价结果更加数值化、精细化,评价过程更简便,是对已有土地质量地球化学综合评价方法的补充,可为土地利用、农业生产和管理提供借鉴和参考。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施氮提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡―地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标与推荐施氮量研究.结果表明,我国燕麦土壤碱解氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥389、219~389、123~219、70~123、39~70、22~39、13~22和<13 mg/kg;土壤全氮第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥5.0、2.8~5.0、1.5~2.8、0.9~1.5、0.5~0.9、0.3~0.5、0.2~0.3和<0.2 g/kg;土壤有机质第1~8级丰缺指标依次为≥64、39~64、23~39、14~23、9~14、5~9、3~5和<3 g/kg.当氮肥利用率30%~50%时,目标产量1.5~6.0 t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0、9~60、18~120、27~180、36~240、45~300、54~360和63~420 kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15 t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~8级土壤推荐施氮量依次为0、14~80、29~160、43~240、58~320、72~400、86~480和101~560 kg/hm^(2).本研究建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤氮素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施氮奠定了科学基础.

中国三大棉花种植区域土壤速效钾丰缺指标及推荐施钾量研究

为给西北内陆棉区、长江流域棉区和黄河流域棉区棉花的钾肥施用提供科学依据,采用“零散实验数据整合法”“反正弦-对数矫正模型”以及“养分平衡-地力差减法”,开展了上述三大棉区棉花土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,中国三大棉区土壤速效钾丰缺指标均可划分出5级,西北内陆棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥418、166~418、111~166、80~111和<80 mg/kg;长江流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥357、128~357、81~128、56~81和<56 mg/kg;黄河流域棉区第1~5级丰缺指标为≥213、129~213、102~129、85~102和<85 mg/kg。三大棉区土壤速效钾临界值分别为166.0、127.2和128.4 mg/kg。当钾肥当季利用率为50%,籽棉(皮棉)目标产量为2.5~9.0(1.0~3.6)t/hm^(2)时,第1~5级土壤的推荐施钾量依次为0、30~108、60~216、90~324和120~432 kg/hm^(2)。

我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量初步研究

为了给我国燕麦测土施钾提供科学依据,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法新应用公式”,开展了我国燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标与推荐施钾量研究。结果表明,我国燕麦土壤速效钾第1~3级丰缺指标依次为≥258、117~258和<117mg/kg,全钾第1~4级丰缺指标依次为≥31、21~31、11~21和<11 g/kg。当钾肥当季利用率40%~60%时,目标产量1.5~6.0t/hm^(2)籽实燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量分别为0、10~60、20~120和30~180kg/hm^(2);目标产量4.5~15t/hm^(2)饲草燕麦第1~4级土壤推荐施钾量依次为0、18~90、36~180和54~270kg/hm^(2)。本研究初步建立了我国籽实和饲草燕麦土壤钾素丰缺指标推荐施肥系统,为我国燕麦测土施钾奠定了科学基础。

我国甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究

【目的】甜菜是重要的糖料作物,土壤磷素供应和磷肥施用影响甜菜的产量和品质。为此,我们开展甜菜土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。【方法】采用“零散实验数据整合法”建立我国甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程。以“甜菜”“施肥”“磷”为主题词,在中国知网检索到相关论文44篇,剔除低质量试验数据后,共获得104组包含不施磷和施磷处理甜菜产量数据,及对应的土壤有效磷含量数据,建立不施磷甜菜相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程。参考“土壤养分丰缺分级改良方案”将土壤有效磷含量分为7级,将各节点不施磷甜菜相对产量带入建立的回归方程,计算出每个节点的土壤有效磷含量,作为甜菜土壤有效磷分级指标。采用“养分平衡—地力差减法新公式”,依据目标产量和磷肥利用率,计算了不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量。【结果】我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量回归方程为:y=14.169 Ln(x)+46.679(R~2=0.3242,n=104,P<0.01)。我国甜菜土壤有效磷由高到低分为7个等级,对应的有效磷含量依次为≥44、22~44、11~22、6~11、3~6、1.5~3和<1.5 mg/kg。当甜菜目标产量为30~90 t/hm^(2)、磷肥利用率为15%~35%时,有效磷第1~7级土壤的适宜施磷量分别为0、13~90、26~180、39~270、51~360、64~450、77~540 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】鉴于收集采用的数据样本量大且来源于高质量试验,本研究建立的我国甜菜缺磷处理相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的回归方程具有很好的可信度,依据该方程确定了土壤有效磷丰缺指标,进而若干目标产量和磷肥利用率下不同丰缺等级土壤的甜菜适宜施磷量得以推荐。

生物炭和氮肥联合施用对水稻生产中土壤细菌群落的影响

生物炭作为一种土壤改良剂可以有效地改善土壤污染问题。探讨生物炭和氮肥配施对土壤细菌群落的影响,对科学施肥具有重要意义。以往的研究发现,生物炭和氮肥配施可以改变土壤的理化性质,但对土壤微生物影响的研究较少。为探讨生物炭和氮肥配施对土壤细菌群落的影响,对水稻进行盆栽试验,结果表明:生物炭与氮肥的施加使细菌群落的多样性降低,改良后的土壤中细菌的优势门为Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Gemmatimonadetes和Actinobacteria,生物炭和氮肥配施提高了Acidobacteria和Actinobacteria的相对丰度,降低了Proteobacteria和Gemmatimonadetes相对丰度。冗余分析结果表明,土壤p H值、硝态氮、全磷和全氮是影响土壤微生物群落标志物种丰度的主要驱动因素。生物炭与氮肥配施会改变土壤细菌群落和土壤养分的代谢过程。研究结果为探索适合我国东北黑土区土壤微环境调控的最佳碳、氮模型提供了科学依据。

大花序桉林沼液水肥一体化应用效果研究

为探究沼液水肥一体化在林业上的应用效果,研究了沼液水肥一体化对大花序桉幼林生长、林下土壤养分及林下种植的百部、天冬、勃氏甜龙竹生长的影响。结果表明,沼液水肥一体化对大花序桉、百部、天冬、勃氏甜龙竹生长及林下土壤养分有一定影响。山高部、山中部和山底部施沼液处理大花序桉树高分别较不施沼液和水对照高10.59%、13.93%和25.93%,山高部、山中部和山底部施沼液处理大花序桉胸径分别较不施沼液和水对照高17.93%、20.47%和28.32%。施用沼液可提高土壤水解性氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量,能提高土壤肥力。沼液水肥一体化能提高百部和天冬产量,增加勃氏甜龙竹出苗数和出笋量。