A Study on Internet Buzzwords in the Last Four Years Based on Conceptual Integration Theory

Internet buzzwords,as distinct forms of language,consist of short sentences yet carry rich meanings and spread rapidly.To better study this intriguing and unique linguistic phenomenon,this paper employed conceptual integration theory for its powerful explanatory capabilities to analyze the origins,composition,and emergence of meanings of internet buzzwords over the past four years.These 40 internet buzzwords can be categorized into five types:semantic derivation,generalization,abbreviation,metonymy,and compounding.Furthermore,this paper conducted cognitive analysis from different conceptual integration network perspectives,elucidating specific cognitive operations involved in the construction of meanings and revealing the emergence process of layered meanings in recent internet buzzwords over the past four years.

DREAMS OF AN INTEGRATED THEORY OF EXPERIENCE

本文从法位学的角度谈关于人类经验一体化理论的一些设想。 人类总是努力认识周围世界的格局和意义,没有这二者,就达不到人类所渴求的认识一体化。但是知识界却常常分割成许多各自严守畛域的学科、学派。 一百年来,学者们力图使社会研究也变成客观的科学,语言学、心理学等莫不如此,一时蔚为风气。但是,在错综复杂的经验领域里,精确的预测和计量是难以办到的;勉强做去,常常导致简单化。 各种学科隔离分立的趋向,多少为另一种倾向所抵销,就是一种学术风尚,由于思想的交流,会影响到其他学科。二十年代心理学从Wundt的理论转向行为主义,语言学者Bloomfield也随之将注意力从内心移到作为行为的语言。后来,语言学者Chomsky又一度促使心理学者转而考察语言与人的固有观念的关系。 本文作者主张应当将注意力集中于观察事物的人,而不是集中于物。科学的首要原则是把观察事物的人看得重于人所观察的事物。这样,象“句”或“词”这样的语言术语,就要以人的交际活动作为下定义的出发点。从五十年代起,作者即试图表明,语言是人的行为的一部分,有一定的结构,后者可以应用跟分析足球比赛、礼拜仪式等一样的方法加以分析。为此创造了两个术语,并渐被人类学界所采用,就是“唯位”(emic,取自pho-nemic“音位的”)和“唯素”(etic,取自phonetic“音素的”)。唯位观点是圈内人的观点,他只对自幼学会的语言中具有对比(互相区别)作用的特征作出反应;唯素观点则是圈外人的观点,他对是否有对比作用是不加区分的。后来,又由此扩而大之,试图在语法中找出类似音位的唯位单位,称之为“法位”,从而建立了法位学。作者认为,观察者本身也必须包括在研究对象之中。正是由于观察者这个因素,人们才必须对上述的唯位的和唯素的知识加以区别。 近年来,作者写过三部著作,向哲学、文艺学和自然科学的研究者介绍语言学的原理和概念。如果这几方面的学者也能从相反的方向来考察语言,一座双向的学术交流的桥梁就架设起来了。 作者自己从物理学借来三个术语,把它应用到语言学中,就是“粒子”、“波”、“场”。语言学里已经有个很有用的术语“单位”,如把单位看作是可以从它的环境中分离出来加以研究的东西,就可以叫做“粒子”,亦即当它是有一定界限,可以分类,常常可以科学地测量的东西。但纯粹采取“粒子”的观点,不足以探究音或词相互融合的现象。在急速的说话中,音常被省略或替换,就是在舒缓的说话中,也要受前后的音的影响。这里就用得着“波”这个概念。波峰是波的核心,可以借以辨别音;这样,为了方便,可以只辨别单位而不必确定其界限。按照粒子观点,可以将音列表、分类、编入词典等等,而按照波的观点,可以更精细地讨论音的物理特性。 “场”的观点强调的是经验的相互关系。但它不把经验单纯看作一套关系。语言学把关系所构成的体系也看作一个单位。据此,作者认为一种语言的音位表也是关于这一语言的一个重要事实,本身也是个(场)单位。又如,知识不仅仅是己知片断的总和,而是有结构的体系,各个片断有系统地组成一个总的关系的场。 每个单位不是孤立自足的,而是把一定的环境也包括在内作为它的构成要素。认为可以离开环境客观地 发现一个单位、事物或关系,乃是一种幻想。感知一个单位,就牵连到观察者自己在内。当他感知两个单位之间,或一个单位的两个特征之间存在的对比时,他就给这个单位加上了自己的双项性牵连。如果把一个单位感知为实体或粒子(单一的东西、情境、关系或体系),他就加上了单项性牵连。如果他把某一单位看作是处在变化、生长、衰败或融合的过程中(例如观察破败中的房子),那就把他的感知作为带有波的性质的环境成分加上去;如果他从关系(场)的角度观察一个单位(例如研究房子的楼面布置和房间安排,或它跟同一楼区其他房屋的关系),他就加上了观察者的关系成分。如果把三者合起来,就加进三项性的观察者环境成分(例如那座破败中(波)的旧房子(粒子)的楼面布置(场))。 法位学采取这单项、双项、三项三种观察焦点,并把它们全都看作法位学理论明白宣示的、不可缺少的一部分,并且看作环境的一部分,而这环境又构成客观单位本身的一部分。目前,作者夫妇又把法位学观点推进一步,通过法位本身的描写,加上了一个四项性观点,提出:法位具有四个特征,每个特征都牵涉到一种为法位所不可缺少的环境,所以法位又叫“环境中的单位”。这四个环境成分是:1)轨位,即一个单位在比它更大的单位中所占的位置(如主语在英语被动句中的位置)。2)类别,其中一个成员可以填补这个轨位(如名词短语可以填补主语轨位)。3)作用,即类别在轨位中的语义作用(如在被动句中表示受事性主语)。这个环境不是形式的东西,它是整个法位的意义。形式和意义(如类别和作用)不能分割,形式类别离开它的语义环境就无法确定,反之语义作用不联系它的形式表现也无由确定。所以法位学不采取先研究句法,然后才研究语义,或者反过来先探讨认为先已存在的意义分类,再赋予结构形式的作法。4)接应,这个环境在单位所出现的结构中是观察不到的,它是一般的背景,别的结构,信仰,体系,期望等。这些东西制约或影响这一法位类别中哪一个成员要出现,或者反过来受其制约。

Discussion on the Teaching Reform of Course Warehouse Management in Higher Vocational Colleges --,The Construction of Theory and Practice Courses Integrated Teaching Mode

Warehouse management, as a higher vocational course integrating theory and practice, is of extreme importance to training the professional personnel logistics management. In this paper, under the premise of the teaching objective of course Warehouse Management, and based on analyzing the disadvantages in the current teaching of the course, the teaching mode integrating theory and practice courses, and teaching and learning is discussed, so this paper is of great significance to the design of the course teaching modes in higher vocational colleges.

Analyzing the Integrated Teaching of Theory and Practice in Communication Technology Based on the Cognitive Process

This study analyzes the cognitive characteristics of students in communication courses in military colleges and the impact of integrated teaching of theory and practice on students’cognitive process as well as proposes the information processing model of students’cognitive process in the integrated teaching of theory and practice.Combining the cognitive characteristics of the students from Communication Technology,on the one hand,this study analyzes the five factors that affect the teaching effect of integrating theory and practice;on the other hand,it proposes improvement measures for the integration of theory and practice from the structure of the teaching content,teaching organization and management,modern education technology,and the ability of teachers.

The Reform Path of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities Under the Integration of Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Universities,Middle Schools,and Primary Schools

The integration of ideological and political theory courses in primary and secondary schools needs to be based on a certain theoretical foundation and follow the necessary principles of teaching practice.In the teaching of ideological and political theory courses in colleges and universities,there are practical problems such as“cross-duplication of teaching materials”,“unreasonable application of teaching methods”,and“evaluation of teaching integration”.This paper is based on solving the practical problems of“cross-duplication of textbook contents”,“unreasonable application of teaching methods”,and“evaluation of teaching integration”in the teaching of ideological and political theory studies in colleges and universities under the integration,and proposes to use the textbook as a carrier for the integration of teaching contents and to make the teaching of Civic and Political Studies in colleges and universities more efficient.We put forward the“three teaching and three reforms”teaching reforms,such as the integrated reform of teaching contents carried by teaching materials,the integrated reform of teaching methods oriented to students,and the integrated reform of teaching evaluation based on the concept of OBE(Outcome Based Education),with a view to solving the teaching problems in the integrated reform of ideological and political theory courses in universities.

Evaluating ChatGPT’s Consciousness and Its Capability to Pass the Turing Test: A Comprehensive Analysis

This study explores the capabilities of ChatGPT, specifically in relation to consciousness and its performance in the Turing Test. The article begins by examining the diverse perspectives among both the cognitive and AI researchers regarding ChatGPT’s ability to pass the Turing Test. It introduces a hierarchical categorization of the test versions, suggesting that ChatGPT approaches success in the test, albeit primarily with na?ve users. Expert users, conversely, can easily identify its limitations. The paper presents various theories of consciousness, with a particular focus on the Integrated Information Theory proposed by Tononi. This theory serves as the framework for assessing ChatGPT’s level of consciousness. Through an evaluation based on the five axioms and theorems of IIT, the study finds that ChatGPT surpasses previous AI systems in certain aspects;however, ChatGPT significantly falls short of achieving a level of consciousness, particularly when compared to biological sentient beings. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of recognizing ChatGPT and similar generative AI models as highly advanced and intelligent tools, yet distinctly lacking the consciousness attributes found in advanced living organisms.

Clinical efficacy of integral theory–guided laparoscopic integral pelvic floor/ligament repair in the treatment of internal rectal prolapse in females

BACKGROUND Internal rectal prolapse(IRP)is one of the most common causes of obstructive constipation.The incidence of IRP in women is approximately three times that in men.IRP is mainly treated by surgery,which can be divided into two categories:Abdominal procedures and perineal procedures.This study offers a better procedure for the treatment of IRP.AIM To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic integral pelvic floor/ligament repair(IPFLR)combined with a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)and the laparoscopic IPFLR alone in the treatment of IRP in women.METHODS This study collected the clinical data of 130 female patients with IRP who underwent surgery from January 2012 to October 2014.The patients were divided into groups A and B.Group A had 63 patients who underwent laparoscopic IPFLR alone,and group B had 67 patients who underwent the laparoscopic IPFLR combined with PPH.The degree of internal rectal prolapse(DIRP),Wexner constipation scale(WCS)score,Wexner incontinence scale(WIS)score,and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index(GIQLI)score were compared between groups and within groups before surgery and 6 mo and 2 years after surgery.RESULTS All laparoscopic surgeries were successful.The general information,number of bowel movements before surgery,DIRP,GIQLI score,WIS score,and WCS score before surgery were not significantly different between the two groups(all P>0.05).The WCS score,WIS score,GIQLI score,and DIRP in each group 6 mo,and 2 years after surgery were significantly better than before surgery(P<0.001).In group A,the DIRP and WCS score gradually improved from 6 mo to 2 years after surgery(P<0.001),and the GIQLI score progressively improved from 6 mo to 2 years after surgery(P<0.05).In group B,the DIRP,WCS score and WIS score significantly improved from 6 mo to 2 years after surgery(P<0.05),and the GIQLI score 2 years after surgery was significantly higher than that 6 mo after surgery(P<0.05).The WCS score,WIS score,GIQLI score,and DIRP of group B were significantly better than those of group A 6 mo and 2 years after surgery(all P<0.001,Bonferroni)except DIRP at 2 years after surgery.There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate of IRP between the two groups 6 mo after surgery(P=0.011).There was no significant difference in postoperative grade I-III complications between the two groups(P=0.822).CONCLUSION Integral theory–guided laparoscopic IPFLR combined with PPH has a higher cure rate and a better clinical efficacy than laparoscopic IPFLR alone.

INTEGRAL THEORY FOR THE DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEM IN NONINERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

This paper establishes the integral theory for the dynamics of nonlinear nonholonomic system in noninertial reference frame. Firstly, based on the Routh equation of the relative motion of nonlinear nonholonomic system gives the first integral of the system. Secondly, by using cyclic integral or energy integral reduces the order of the equation and obtains generalized Routh equation and Whittaker equation respectively. Thirdly, derives canonical equation and variation equation and by using the first integral constructs integral invariant. And then, establishes the basic integral variants and the integral invariant of Poincare-Cartan type. Finally, we give a series of deductions.

Discourse Analysis of packages in Chinese Cross Talk from Conceptual Integration Theory

Packages in Chinese cross talk are the origin of cross talk humor.By using the literature investigation method,the paper find the effect of humor when create the packages and unpack the packages,which is the process that audiences construct mental spaces and create mappings between mental spaces,but the detail process of mental spaces and the mappings of mental spaces is uncertain.Thus,the paper uses literature investigation and illustration as the main research methods.This paper means to make a better understanding of the humor of cross talk and can help to create more humor discourse.

On the Motivation and Reasons of Popularity of Parody in Network Language From the Perspective of Conceptual Integration Theory

The Conceptual Integration Theory was first formally put forward in 1997 by Fauconnier and Turner. According to it, there is a conceptual blending network comprised of four mental spaces： Input space Ⅰ, Input space Ⅱ, generic space, and blended space. In the process of blending, common information or structures from input spaces are projected to the ＂generic space＂. Meanwhile, through partially cross-space mapping, those structures are selectively projected to the ＂blended space＂. By means of composition, completion, and elaboration, consequently ＂emergent structure＂ comes into being from the development of blending. This theory instantly became a fresh power in cognitive research field. With the rapid development of network technology and the popularization of the internet, network language makes tremendous progresses and spreads quickly, which reflects the social and cultural development. The uniqueness and effectiveness of network language creation, to a great extent, relies on various rhetorical devices, among which parody is frequently used and plays an important role. In recent years, studies about network language somehow concentrate a lot on the construction, word transformation, and features of network vocabulary, and cognitive analysis on the mechanism of parody in network language is rather limited and requires further exploration. This paper tends to probe into the motivation and the reasons ofparody＇s popularity in network language through some examples in light of Conceptual Integration Theory in hope of a better comprehension, appreciation, and application of parody in network language

Strategies on Curriculum Reform of Hotel Management by Integrating Theory and Practice into Teaching

Integrating theory and practice into teaching is an advanced pedagogy, particularly suitable for the cultivation of applied talents in higher vocational colleges. In this paper, the author first discusses the connotation of the teaching method as integration of theory and practice and illustrates the background and significance of employing this teaching method in the curriculum reform of hotel management in higher vocational colleges. After that, the teaching content, methods as well as evaluation system are elaborated for implementing the integration of theory and practice teaching, and finally, some countermeasures are put forward for improving this teaching method.

Observation on Theory-practice Teaching Mode of of Taxation Practice in Higher Vocational Colleges

Integrated teaching mode of theory and practice not only can integrate the theoretical knowledge and practical jobs, combine the theory teaching and practical teaching, but also can motivate learning interest of students and cultivate the professional skill of vocational students. Therefore, based on analyzing the advantages of integrated teaching mode of theory and practice, the paper observes the integrated teaching method of theory and practice and observes the problems.

The Theory of Biomedical Knowledge Integration (Ⅶ)──The Non-Euclid Macro-Micro Transform Law

This article continued to do the scholastic pursuits on some profound mechanisms in the life systems, which are believed to be related to the further development of Medical Informatics. It discussed at first the structural nature of things, then probed a principle which is a basis for both of the fractal theory and the wavelet analysis, being called the shape-constancy law of the basic constructors at the different scale levels. And the paper also ventured the equivalency between the shape of wave and matrix, thus presented a new concept "shaped-number", being expected to work in the operations of some bio-medical functions or shapes.

Topology Optimization Method for Microscale Structures Described with Integral Nonlocal Theory

The integration of additive manufacturing and topology optimization makes it possible to fabricate complex configurations,especially for microscale structures,which can guarantee the realization of high-performance structural designs.However,topology results often contain microstructures(several multicellular scales)similar to the characteristic length of local macrostructures,leading to errors in structural performance analysis based on classical theories.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the size effect in topology optimization.In this paper,we establish a novel topology optimization model utilizing the integral nonlocal theory to account for the size effect.The approach consists of an integral constitutive model that incorporates a kernel function,enabling the description of stress at a specific point in relation to strain in a distant field.Topology optimization structures based on nonlocal theory are presented for some benchmark examples,and the results are compared with those based on classical medium theory.The material layout exhibits significant differences between the two approaches,highlighting the necessity of topology optimization based on nonlocal theory and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research on the Reform of“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”Teaching Based on the Concept of Outcome-Based Education

Continuously evolving teaching concepts and the adoption of diverse teaching methods have led to outcome-oriented education becoming a fundamental focus of teaching reform in colleges and universities.In this article,the“Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing”course is used as an example to discuss the reform of education based on the concept of outcome-based education,with the purpose of improving students'learning outcomes and practical skills.

Second-order interference of two independent and tunable single-mode continuous-wave lasers

The second-order temporal interference of two independent single-mode continuous-wave lasers is discussed by em- ploying two-photon interference in Feynman＇s path integral theory. It is concluded that whether the second-order temporal interference pattern can or cannot be retrieved via two-photon coincidence counting rate is dependent on the resolution time of the detection system and the frequency difference between these two lasers. Two identical and tunable single-mode continuous-wave diode lasers are employed to verify the predictions. These studies are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon interference with photons of different spectra.

Second-order temporal interference of two independent light beams at an asymmetrical beam splitter

The second-order temporal interference of classical and nonclassical light at an asymmetrical beam splitter is discussed based on two-photon interference in Feynman＇s path integral theory. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern is determined by the properties of the superposed light beams, the ratio between the intensities of these two light beams, and the reflectivity of the asymmetrical beam splitter. Some requirements about the asymmetrical beam splitter have to be satisfied in order to ensure that the visibility of the second-order interference pattern of nonclassical light beams exceeds the classical limit. The visibility of the second-order interference pattern of photons emitted by two independent single-photon sources is independent of the ratio between the intensities. These conclusions are important for the researches and applications in quantum optics and quantum information when an asymmetrical beam splitter is employed.

Density Functional Approach Based on Numerically Obtained Bridge Functional

The Ornstein-Zernike equation is solved with the Rogers-Young approximation for bull, hard sphere fluid and Lennard-Jones fluid for several state points. Then the resulted bulk fluid radial distribution function combined with the test particle method is employed to determine numerically the function relationship of bridge functional as a function of indirect correlation function. It is found that all of the calculated points from different phase space state points for a same type of fluid collapse onto a same smooth curve. Then the numerically obtained curve is used to substitute the analytic expression of the bridge functional as a function of indirect correlation function required in the methodology [J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 8079] to determine the density distribution of non-uniform hard sphere fluid and Lennard-Jones fluid. The good agreement of theoretical predictions with the computer simulation data is obtained. The present numerical procedure incorporates the knowledge of bulk fluid radial distribution function into the constructing of the density functional approximation and makes the original methodology more accurate and more flexible for various interaction potential fluid.

Incompressible Flow and Heat Transfer over a Plate: A Hybrid Integral Domain-Discretized Numerical Procedure

This work deals with incompressible two-dimensional viscous flow over a semi-infinite plate ac-cording to the approximations resulting from Prandtl boundary layer theory. The governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations describing laminar flow are converted to a self-simi- lar type third order ordinary differential equation known as the Falkner-Skan equation. For the purposes of a numerical solution, the Falkner-Skan equation is converted to a system of first order ordinary differential equations. These are numerically addressed by the conventional shooting and bisection methods coupled with the Runge-Kutta technique. However the accompanying energy equation lends itself to a hybrid numerical finite element-boundary integral application. An appropriate complementary differential equation as well as the Green second identity paves the way for the integral representation of the energy equation. This is followed by a finite element-type discretization of the problem domain. Based on the quality of the results obtained herein, a strong case is made for a hybrid numerical scheme as a useful approach for the numerical resolution of boundary layer flows and species transport. Thanks to the sparsity of the resulting coefficient matrix, the solution profiles not only agree with those of similar problems in literature but also are in consonance with the physics they represent.