Robust optimal dispatch strategy of integrated energy system considering CHP-P2G-CCS

Integrated energy systems(IESs)can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions,essential for achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.This study investigated the characteristics of the CHP model considering P2G and carbon capture systems,and a two-stage robust optimization model of the electricity-heat-gascold integrated energy system was developed.First,a CHP model considering the P2G and carbon capture system was established,and the electric-thermal coupling characteristics and P2G capacity constraints of the model were derived,which proved that the model could weaken the electric-thermal coupling characteristics,increase the electric power regulation range,and reduce carbon emissions.Subsequently,a two-stage robust optimal scheduling model of an IES was constructed,in which the objective function in the day-ahead scheduling stage was to minimize the start-up and shutdown costs.The objective function in the real-time scheduling stage was to minimize the equipment operating costs,carbon emission costs,wind curtailment,and solar curtailment costs,considering multiple uncertainties.Finally,after the objective function is linearized with a ψ-piecewise method,the model is solved based on the C&CG algorithm.Simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively absorb renewable energy and reduce the total cost of the system.

Low-Carbon Dispatch of an Integrated Energy System Considering Confidence Intervals for Renewable Energy Generation

Addressing the insufficiency in down-regulation leeway within integrated energy systems stemming from the erratic and volatile nature of wind and solar renewable energy generation,this study focuses on formulating a coordinated strategy involving the carbon capture unit of the integrated energy system and the resources on the load storage side.A scheduling model is devised that takes into account the confidence interval associated with renewable energy generation,with the overarching goal of optimizing the system for low-carbon operation.To begin with,an in-depth analysis is conducted on the temporal energy-shifting attributes and the low-carbon modulation mechanisms exhibited by the source-side carbon capture power plant within the context of integrated and adaptable operational paradigms.Drawing from this analysis,a model is devised to represent the adjustable resources on the charge-storage side,predicated on the principles of electro-thermal coupling within the energy system.Subsequently,the dissimilarities in the confidence intervals of renewable energy generation are considered,leading to the proposition of a flexible upper threshold for the confidence interval.Building on this,a low-carbon dispatch model is established for the integrated energy system,factoring in the margin allowed by the adjustable resources.In the final phase,a simulation is performed on a regional electric heating integrated energy system.This simulation seeks to assess the impact of source-load-storage coordination on the system’s low-carbon operation across various scenarios of reduction margin reserves.The findings underscore that the proactive scheduling model incorporating confidence interval considerations for reduction margin reserves effectively mitigates the uncertainties tied to renewable energy generation.Through harmonized orchestration of source,load,and storage elements,it expands the utilization scope for renewable energy,safeguards the economic efficiency of system operations under low-carbon emission conditions,and empirically validates the soundness and efficacy of the proposed approach.

Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration:A Gaussian-Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimization Approach to Optimal Power Flow in Electrical Networks

In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for network optimization.This study introduces an innovative solution,the Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimizer(GBBLCO),addressing OPF challenges in power generation systems with stochastic RESs.The primary objective is to minimize the total operating costs of RESs,considering four functions:overall operating costs,voltage deviation management,emissions reduction,voltage stability index(VSI)and power loss mitigation.Additionally,a carbon tax is included in the objective function to reduce carbon emissions.Thorough scrutiny,using modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems,validates GBBLCO’s superior performance in achieving optimal solutions.Simulation results demonstrate GBBLCO’s efficacy in six optimization scenarios:total cost with valve point effects,total cost with emission and carbon tax,total cost with prohibited operating zones,active power loss optimization,voltage deviation optimization and enhancing voltage stability index(VSI).GBBLCO outperforms conventional techniques in each scenario,showcasing rapid convergence and superior solution quality.Notably,GBBLCO navigates complexities introduced by valve point effects,adapts to environmental constraints,optimizes costs while considering prohibited operating zones,minimizes active power losses,and optimizes voltage deviation by enhancing the voltage stability index(VSI)effectively.This research significantly contributes to advancing OPF,emphasizing GBBLCO’s improved global search capabilities and ability to address challenges related to local minima.GBBLCO emerges as a versatile and robust optimization tool for diverse challenges in power systems,offering a promising solution for the evolving needs of renewable energy-integrated power grids.

An overview of the policies and models of integrated development for solar and wind power generation in China

Under the goal of “Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutralization”, the integrated development between various industries and renewable energy(photovoltaic, wind power) is of great significance in China. This paper summarizes the relevant policies, integration schemes and typical cases of the integrated development between renewable energy and other industries. First, the development status of wind and solar generation in China is introduced. Second, we summarize the relevant policies issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, National Energy Administration and other departments to promote the integrated development in photovoltaic and wind power generation in China. Third, eight kinds of photovoltaic three-dimensional development models are described, including “photovoltaic + agriculture, industry, environmental protection, transportation, architecture, communication, hydrogen and ecology”. Fourth, eight kinds of wind power threedimensional development models are summarized, including “Offshore wind power + marine ranch, marine energy, marine tourism, marine oil and gas, hydrogen, communication, Energy Island” and “Onshore wind power+ courtyard”. In the future, the promotion and application of the above integrated development projects will be accelerated. This overview aims to provide reference for the design in photovoltaic and wind energy systems and help potential investors to make decisions.

NOMA Empowered Energy Efficient Data Collection and Wireless Power Transfer in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

As the sixth generation network(6G)emerges,the Internet of remote things(IoRT)has become a critical issue.However,conventional terrestrial networks cannot meet the delay-sensitive data collection needs of IoRT networks,and the Space-Air-Ground integrated network(SAGIN)holds promise.We propose a novel setup that integrates non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)and wireless power transfer(WPT)to collect latency-sensitive data from IoRT networks.To extend the lifetime of devices,we aim to minimize the maximum energy consumption among all IoRT devices.Due to the coupling between variables,the resulting problem is non-convex.We first decouple the variables and split the original problem into four subproblems.Then,we propose an iterative algorithm to solve the corresponding subproblems based on successive convex approximation(SCA)techniques and slack variables.Finally,simulation results show that the NOMA strategy has a tremendous advantage over the OMA scheme in terms of network lifetime and energy efficiency,providing valuable insights.

Electricity-Carbon Interactive Optimal Dispatch of Multi-Virtual Power Plant Considering Integrated Demand Response

As new power systems and dual carbon policies develop,virtual power plant cluster(VPPC)provides another reliable way to promote the efficient utilization of energy and solve environmental pollution problems.To solve the coordinated optimal operation and low-carbon economic operation problem in multi-virtual power plant,a multi-virtual power plant(VPP)electricity-carbon interaction optimal scheduling model considering integrated demand response(IDR)is proposed.Firstly,a multi-VPP electricity-carbon interaction framework is established.The interaction of electric energy and carbon quotas can realize energy complementarity,reduce energy waste and promote low-carbon operation.Secondly,in order to coordinate the multiple types of energy and load in VPPC to further achieve low-carbon operation,the IDR mechanism based on the user comprehensive satisfaction(UCS)of electricity,heat as well as hydrogen is designed,which can effectively maintain the UCS in the cluster within a relatively high range.Finally,the unit output scheme is formulated to minimize the total cost of VPPC and the model is solved using theCPLEX solver.The simulation results showthat the proposed method effectively promotes the coordinated operation among multi-VPP,increases the consumption rate of renewable energy sources and the economics of VPPC and reduces carbon emissions.

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

An Investigation of Battery Energy Storage Aided Wind-Coal Integrated Energy System

This paper studies the feasibility of a supply-side wind-coal integrated energy system.Based on grid-side data,the load regulation model of coal-fired power and the wind-coal integrated energy system model are established.According to the simulation results,the reasons why the wind-coal combined power supply is difficult to meet the grid-side demand are revealedthrough scenario analysis.Basedon thewind-coal combinedoperation,a wind-coalstorage integrated energy system was proposed by adding lithium-iron phosphate battery energy storage system(LIPBESS)to adjust the load of the system.According to the four load adjustment scenarios of grid-side instructions of the wind-coal system,the difficulty of load adjustment in each scenario is analyzed.Based on the priority degree of LIPBESS charge/discharge in four scenarios at different time periods,the operation mode of two charges and two discharges per day was developed.Based on the independent operation level of coal-fired power,after the addition of LIPBESS(5.5 MWh),the average qualified rate of multi-power operation in March and June reached the level of independent operation of coal-fired power,while the average qualified rate of the remaining months was only 5.4%different from that of independent operation of coal-fired power.Compared with the wind storage mode,the energy storage capacity and investment cost of wind-coal-storage integrated energy system are reduced by 54.2%and 53.7%,respectively.

Multi-Sinusoidal Waveform Shaping for Integrated Data and Energy Transfer in Aging Channels

Integrated data and energy transfer(IDET)is capable of simultaneously delivering on-demand data and energy to low-power Internet of Everything(Io E)devices.We propose a multi-carrier IDET transceiver relying on superposition waveforms consisting of multi-sinusoidal signals for wireless energy transfer(WET)and orthogonal-frequency-divisionmultiplexing(OFDM)signals for wireless data transfer(WDT).The outdated channel state information(CSI)in aging channels is employed by the transmitter to shape IDET waveforms.With the constraints of transmission power and WDT requirement,the amplitudes and phases of the IDET waveform at the transmitter and the power splitter at the receiver are jointly optimised for maximising the average directcurrent(DC)among a limited number of transmission frames with the existence of carrier-frequencyoffset(CFO).For the amplitude optimisation,the original non-convex problem can be transformed into a reversed geometric programming problem,then it can be effectively solved with existing tools.As for the phase optimisation,the artificial bee colony(ABC)algorithm is invoked in order to deal with the nonconvexity.Iteration between the amplitude optimisation and phase optimisation yields our joint design.Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of our joint design for the IDET waveform shaping with the existence of the CFO and the outdated CSI.

Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.

Simulation realization of skip cycle mode integrated control circuit in the switching power supply with low standby loss

This paper explores and proposes a design solution of an integrated skip cycle mode （SCM） control circuit with a simple structure. The design is simulated and implemented with XD10H-1.0μm modular DIMOS 650 V process. In order to meet the requirement of a wide temperature range and high yields of products, the schematic extracted from the layout is simulated with five process corners at 27℃ and 90℃. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated circuit is immune to noise and achieves skipping cycle control when switching mode power supply （SMPS） works with low load or without load.

A power plant for integrated waste energy recovery from liquid air energy storage and liquefied natural gas

Liquefied natural gas(LNG)is regarded as one of the cleanest fossil fuel and has experienced significant developments in recent years.The liquefaction process of natural gas is energy-intensive,while the regasification of LNG gives out a huge amount of waste energy since plenty of high grade cold energy(-160℃)from LNG is released to sea water directly in most cases,and also sometimes LNG is burned for regasification.On the other hand,liquid air energy storage(LAES)is an emerging energy storage technology for applications such as peak load shifting of power grids,which generates 30%-40%of compression heat(-200℃).Such heat could lead to energy waste if not recovered and used.The recovery of the compression heat is technically feasible but requires additional capital investment,which may not always be economically attractive.Therefore,we propose a power plant for recovering the waste cryogenic energy from LNG regasification and compression heat from the LAES.The challenge for such a power plant is the wide working temperature range between the low-temperature exergy source(-160℃)and heat source(-200℃).Nitrogen and argon are proposed as the working fluids to address the challenge.Thermodynamic analyses are carried out and the results show that the power plant could achieve a thermal efficiency of 27%and 19%and an exergy efficiency of 40%and 28%for nitrogen and argon,respectively.Here,with the nitrogen as working fluid undergoes a complete Brayton Cycle,while the argon based power plant goes through a combined Brayton and Rankine Cycle.Besides,the economic analysis shows that the payback period of this proposed system is only 2.2 years,utilizing the excess heat from a 5 MW/40 MWh LAES system.The findings suggest that the waste energy based power plant could be co-located with the LNG terminal and LAES plant,providing additional power output and reducing energy waste.

Covert Communication in Integrated High Altitude Platform Station Terrestrial Networks

In recent years,Internet of Things(IoT)technology has emerged and gradually sprung up.As the needs of largescale IoT applications cannot be satisfied by the fifth generation(5G)network,wireless communication network needs to be developed into the sixth generation(6G)network.However,with the increasingly prominent security problems of wireless communication networks such as 6G,covert communication has been recognized as one of the most promising solutions.Covert communication can realize the transmission of hidden information between both sides of communication to a certain extent,which makes the transmission content and transmission behavior challenging to be detected by noncooperative eavesdroppers.In addition,the integrated high altitude platform station(HAPS)terrestrial network is considered a promising development direction because of its flexibility and scalability.Based on the above facts,this article investigates the covert communication in an integrated HAPS terrestrial network,where a constant power auxiliary node is utilized to send artificial noise(AN)to realize the covert communication.Specifically,the covert constraint relationship between the transmitting and auxiliary nodes is derived.Moreover,the closed-form expressions of outage probability(OP)and effective covert communication rate are obtained.Finally,numerical results are provided to verify our analysis and reveal the impacts of critical parameters on the system performance.

Integrated Power and Single Axis Attitude Control System with Two Flywheels

The existing research of the integrated power and attitude control system（IPACS） in satellites mainly focuses on the IPACS concept,which aims at solving the coupled problem between the attitude control and power tracking.In the IPACS,the configuration design of IPACS is usually not considered,and the coupled problem between two flywheels during the attitude control and energy storage has not been resolved.In this paper,an integrated power and single axis attitude control system using two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air table is designed.The control method of power and attitude control using flywheel is investigated and the coupling problem between energy storage and attitude control is resolved.A computer simulation of an integrated power and single axis attitude control system with two flywheels is performed,which consists of two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air rotary table.Both DC bus and a single axis attitude are the regulation goals.An attitude ＆ DC bus coordinator is put forward to separate DC bus regulation and attitude control problems.The simulation results of DC bus regulation and attitude control are presented respectively with a DC bus regulator and a simple PD attitude controller.The simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to integrate power and attitude control simultaneously for satellite using flywheels.The proposed research provides theory basis for design of the IPACS.

Multi-agent and ant colony optimization for ship integrated power system network reconfiguration

Electric power is widely used as the main energy source of ship integrated power system(SIPS), which contains power network and electric power network. SIPS network reconfiguration is a non-linear large-scale problem. The reconfiguration solution influences the safety and stable operation of the power system. According to the operational characteristics of SIPS, a simplified model of power network and a mathematical model for network reconfiguration are established. Based on these models, a multi-agent and ant colony optimization(MAACO) is proposed to solve the problem of network reconfiguration. The simulations are carried out to demonstrate that the optimization method can reconstruct the integrated power system network accurately and efficiently.

Impact of interconnections and renewable energy integration on the Philippine-Sabah Power Grid systems

This study presents a comprehensive impact analysis of the rotor angle stability of a proposed international connection between the Philippines and Sabah,Malaysia,as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)Power Grid.This study focuses on modeling and evaluating the dynamic performance of the interconnected system,considering the high penetration of renewable sources.Power flow,small signal stability,and transient stability analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed linked power system models to withstand small and large disturbances,utilizing the Power Systems Analysis Toolbox(PSAT)software in MATLAB.All components used in the model are documented in the PSAT library.Currently,there is a lack of publicly available studies regarding the implementation of this specific system.Additionally,the study investigates the behavior of a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources.Based on the findings,this study concludes that a system is generally stable when interconnection is realized,given its appropriate location and dynamic component parameters.Furthermore,the critical eigenvalues of the system also exhibited improvement as the renewable energy sources were augmented.

UAV-Aided Data and Energy Integrated Network: System Design and Prototype Development

Terminal devices deployed in outdoor environments are facing a thorny problem of power supply.Data and energy integrated network(DEIN)is a promising technology to solve the problem,which simultaneously transfers data and energy through radio frequency signals.State-of-the-art researches mostly focus on theoretical aspects.By contrast,we provide a complete design and implementation of a fully functioning DEIN system with the support of an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).The UAV can be dispatched to areas of interest to remotely recharge batteryless terminals,while collecting essential information from them.Then,the UAV uploads the information to remote base stations.Our system verifies the feasibility of the DEIN in practical applications.

A Special Issue:“Key Technologies of Virtual Power Plant and Distributed Energy Resources”for Global Energy Interconnection

The increasing penetration of renewable and distributed energy resources(DERs)is transforming the power grid into a new type of clean and low-carbon power system.However,the uncertainty and volatility of DERs have also brought severe challenges to the secure and reliable operation of the power systems.In order to successfully integrate renewable DERs,virtual power plant(VPP)has emerged as a new technique for coordinating demand-side DERs,which has drawn significant attention from industry and academia.

Traction power systems for electrified railways:evolution,state of the art,and future trends

Traction power systems(TPSs)play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways.The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target.On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes,this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs,such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency.Furthermore,the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail,which satisfy longer distance,low-carbon,high-efficiency,high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements.Meanwhile,the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects.Eventually,this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system,speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode,employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.

Power Management Integrated Circuit with 90Plus Efficiency Used in AC/DC Converter

Recently, resonant AC/DC converter has been accepted by the industry. However, the efficiency will be decreased at light load. So, a novel topology with critical controlling mode combined with resonant ones is proposed in this paper. The new topology can correspond to a 90 plus percent of power converting. So,a novel topology of an state of-art integrated circuit, which can be used as power management circuit, has been designed based on the above new topology. A simulator which is specific suitable for the power controller has been founded in this work and it has been used for the simulation of the novel architecture and the proposed integrated circuit.