Coastal Environmental Changes and Management in China in the Context of Global Changes and Human Activities

Coastal zone is the complex area with intense sea-land interaction. There are various types, complex environments and developed economy in coastal area of China. Under the influence of global change and human activities, the ecosystem of coastal zone is vulnerable and has sensitive response to environment changes. The environmental problems of sea-level rising have attached close attention by countries all over the world. As far as regions concerned, relative sea-level rising is more important than theoretical sea-level rising. The relative sea-level rising has resulted in series of environment disasters in coastal area of China, such as coastal erosion, seawater invasion, and floods in coastal lowlands, etc. The flux of sediments transported by rivers into sea is the main material source of marine pollution. The human activities are controlling factors of variations in river sediment loads. Under the influence of high strength development in the upstream region, the results are that the reduction of seagoing sediments in main rivers of China, and damage of coastal material balance. Land-based pollution is the main source of marine pollution. With rapid economic development in China s eastern coastal, pollutants flux into sea increase gradually. The results are that the environmental quality and seawater quality of marine have being deteriorated and pollution is serious increasingly. To meet the land demand of industrialization and urbanization, the sea reclamation has become an effective means to alleviate the contradiction between human and land in coastal area of China. This leads to large-scale reduction of coastal wetland area, and the heavy losses of ecological service value of coastal wetland. To face the environmental changes in coastal area of China and solve the contradiction among population, resources, environment, development, it is required to set up the system concept of man-land-sea relationship, so as to achieve sustainable development. The feasible measures include improving coastal management system, strengthening integrated basin management, attaching importance to construction of the coastal environment engineering, and raising the environmental monitoring and early warning level.

Relationship between regional stress field variation and earthquake activities from GPS data

The relationship between the earth stress field, earth surface displacement field and the gravity variation is deduced. Algorithms based on the boundary element method to compute the earth stress variation using the earth surface displacement is discussed. The stress field variation in Jiashi region, Xinjiang, China is obtained from the GPS data observed in 1997 and 1998, respectively, and the relationship among the local stress field variation, seismic activities and fault tectonic activities is discussed.

An Integrated Socio-Economic and Ecological Framework for Evaluating the Societal Costs and Benefits of Fishing Activities in the Pearl River Delta

This paper puts forward a model of Pearl River Delta (PRD) fishery in the South China Sea (SCS) that integrates the ecological, social and economic costs and benefits of fisheries activities in a multidisciplinary framework. In particular, an integrated ECOST model is composed of links between an ecological model constructed by Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software and a region Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). Then the costs and benefits of five fishing methods are compared from economic, ecological and social three dimensions base on the ECOST model. The potential effects of fishing effort reduction on fishing communication are explored by a series of dynamic simulations for a 10-year period. Key results from prediction (2005-2015) and policy simulations illustrate that fisheries of PRE are geared toward short-term economic profits at the expense of ecological gains and the whole group of societal benefits associated with fishing. However, the status quo can be improved to better levels by reducing fishing efforts.

Influence of Human Activity Intensity on Habitat Quality in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,China

Due to long-term human activity interference,the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park(HTRNP)of China has experienced ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss,and with the expanding scope and intensity of human activity impact,the regional ecological security is facing serious challenges.A scientific assessment of the interrelationship between human activity intensity and habitat quality in the HTRNP is a prerequisite for achieving effective management of ecological disturbances caused by human activities and can also provide scientific strategies for the sustainable development of the region.Based on the land use change data in 2000,2010,and 2020,the spatial and temporal variations and the relationship between habitat quality(HQ)and human activity intensity(HAI)in the HTRNP were explored using the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade-offs(InVEST)model.System dynamics and land use simulation models were also combined to conduct multi-scenario simulations of their relationships.The results showed that during 2000–2020,the habitat quality of the HTRNP improved,the intensity of human activities decreased each year,and there was a negative correlation between the two.Second,the system dynamic model could be well coupled with the land use simulation model by combining socio-economic and natural factors.The simulation scenarios of the coupling model showed that the harmonious development(HD)scenario is effective in curbing the increasing trend of human activity intensity and decreasing trend of habitat quality,with a weaker trade-off between the two compared with the baseline development(BD)and investment priority oriented(IPO)scenarios.To maintain the authenticity and integrity of the HTRNP,effective measures such as ecological corridor construction,ecological restoration,and the implementation of ecological compensation policies need to be strengthened.

Construction Method of Civil Aircraft Airborne⁃system Supplier Development Process System

Based on the analysis of the development process system status of domestic and foreign civil aircraft airborne system suppliers,this paper proposes the overall construction idea of"a set of civil aircraft process system"based on IPD(Integrated product development)in the organization.The development stage,process,activity and task are the logical framework elements of the system construction."Based on process decomposition,vertical stratification,horizontal segmentation,combination of special and common,process customized to tools,role and process integration,giving full consideration to the interface between supplier management and process modules"etc.are the concrete ideas.Moreover,formulate top⁃level system construction standards,implemented by process system management tool platform,so that the process system and development work can be effectively integrated to effectively guide the development work of airborne system suppliers,and meet the quality and airworthiness requirements of civil aircraft development.Through the development application of a certain type of flight control system,the process system and tool platform were verified and optimized in practice.

SKAD理论视角下域外“体力活动与慢性病”科学知识生产的经验启示

基于SKAD理论视角,对过去70年国外“体力活动与慢性病”科学知识生产中的话语模式、社会关系网络与政策支持进行分析。研究发现:(1)尽管医学在“体力活动与慢性病”疾病研究中占据主导权,但是对“体力活动”概念的理解与拓展,仍需要交叉学科的参与,尤其是体育领域对“体力活动”概念及相关下位概念的释义。(2)不同学科的相互合作、医学行政领域的资金支持与引导,以及医学和体育领域相关学术期刊的包容与开放,构成了“体力活动与慢性病”科学知识生产的社会关系网络。(3)公共政策制定的环境导向为“体力活动与慢性病”科学知识生产提供了一套支持机制,加速了科学知识生产由学科学术属性向实践应用属性的转化。

网络安全中的威胁情报整合与VMware基础设施的主动安全措施

随着数字化时代到来,网络安全问题日益突出。文章旨在探讨网络安全中的威胁情报整合与VMware基础设施的主动安全措施。其中,威胁情报整合是一项关键活动,有助于组织更好地了解网络威胁,并加强防御措施,以提高对潜在攻击的应对能力。而在虚拟化环境中(如VMware基础设施),主动安全措施将成为维护系统完整性和安全性不可或缺的一部分。

疏风活血法治疗糖尿病肾病A2期风邪证临床研究

目的观察疏风活血法治疗糖尿病肾病(DN)A2期风邪证的临床效果。方法筛选60例患者,随机分为对照组及治疗组,各30例。两组患者均给予基础西医治疗,对照组在此基础上给予缬沙坦胶囊口服,治疗组给予缬沙坦胶囊口服+疏风活肾颗粒剂治疗。观察治疗前后两组尿微量白蛋白(mALB)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、血浆胱抑素-C(Cys-C)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的改善情况及临床疗效。结果治疗组的总有效率为86.7%(26/30),高于对照组的63.3%(19/30)(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组中医证候总积分优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者mALB、24 h UP、Cys-C、eGFR显著改善,且治疗组各指标改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在常规西医治疗方法的基础上应用疏风活血方治疗DN A2期风邪证,对于进一步改善患者肾功能具有重要作用。

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sandy deposits from Gulang county at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert, China

Aeolian deposits from the deserts in northern China have been used for palaeoenvironmental research to understand aeolian sedimentology and its dynamic connection to past climate conditions. The Tengger Desert in China is sensitive to the waxing and waning of the monsoonal system. In response to past climate change, the southern margin of the Tengger Desert has evolved significantly since the last glacial period. However, previous attempts to date aeolian deposits in this region were mainly based on radiocarbon dating, which has problems when applied to aeolian deposits. Moreover, sedimentary records are limited. Accordingly, past aeolian activity in this desert remains poorly understood. In the present study, we dated sand samples from Gulang county at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to understand the history of aeolian activity in this region. Our samples represented well-sorted aeolian sands and sandy loess. Aeolian sands are evidence of dune field buildup and sparse vegetation cover whereas sandy loess is evidence of improved stabilization of sand dunes resulting from ameliorated vegetation cover. Certain samples showed a decline in the equivalent dose (D e ) values when successive integration intervals were applied, which resulted from unstable OSL signals from non-fast components in the initial part of the decay curve. In order to obtain reliable D e estimates, we investigated component-resolved and different background subtraction approaches, and compared the resultant D e estimates. We adopted the early background subtraction method to derive D e values. Luminescence chronologies and sedimentary records indicated that sand dunes accumulation occurred before 10 ka, and sandy loess developed between 9.5 and 7.6 ka when sand dunes were stabilized as a result of increased effective moisture levels. The transition between sand dune mobilization and stabilization emphasizes the significance of an effective moisture threshold in controlling aeolian activity. Mobilization of sand dunes at ~2.3 ka might be related to an increased aridity during the Late Holocene.

Superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation are associated with lower immune activation in SIVmac239-infected northern pig-tailed macaques(Macaca leonina)

Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in HIV/SIV infection. In the present study, we found a lower CD8+ T cell activation level in Macaca leonina (northern pig-tailed macaques, NPMs) than in Macaca mulatta (Chinese rhesus macaques, ChRMs) during SIVmac239 infection. Furthermore, the levels of plasma LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in NPMs were lower than those in ChRMs. Compared with ChRMs, SIV-infected NPMs had lower Chiu scores, representing relatively normal intestinal mucosa. In addition, no obvious damage to the ileum or colon epithelial barrier was observed in either infected or uninfected NPMs, which differed to that found in ChRMs. Furthermore, no significant microbial translocation (Escherichia coli) was detected in the colon or ileum of infected or uninfected NPMs, which again differed to that observed in ChRMs. In conclusion, NPMs retained superior intestinal integrity and limited microbial translocation during SIV infection, which may contribute to their lower immune activation compared with ChRMs.

Design and implementation of robot serial integrated rotary joint with safety compliance

In order to guarantee safety and stability during physical human-robot-interaction(p HRI) in the occasion of service or industrial operation, a serial integrated rotary joint with the characteristics of passive and active compliance is proposed. Passive compliance is achieved by a designed elastic element, such that the compliant joint may minimize large force which occurs during accidental impacts and, further, may offer more accurate and stable force control and a capacity for energy storage. Meanwhile, the modeling of the compliant joint is comprehensively analyzed, including the effect of the motor model on the overall control system. In order to realize the active compliance, a new method of impedance control is proposed. On the basis of PD control, a more compliant impedance controller is introduced. Experimental results show that the serial integrated rotary joint can provide more effective safety compliance during physical interaction, which has also been well applied in our designed massage robot and rehabilitation robot.

A Novel Integrated Stability Control Based on Differential Braking and Active Steering for Four-axle Trucks

Di erential braking and active steering have already been integrated to overcome their shortcomings. However, existing research mainly focuses on two-axle vehicles and controllers are mostly designed to use one control method to improve the other. Moreover, many experiments are needed to improve the robustness; therefore, these control methods are underutilized. This paper proposes an integrated control system specially designed for multi-axle vehicles, in which the desired lateral force and yaw moment of vehicles are determined by the sliding mode control algorithm. The output of the sliding mode control is distributed to the suitable wheels based on the abilities and potentials of the two control methods. Moreover, in this method, fewer experiments are needed, and the robustness and simultaneity are both guaranteed. To simplify the optimization system and to improve the computation speed, seven simple optimization subsystems are designed for the determination of control outputs on each wheel. The simulation results show that the proposed controller obviously enhances the stability of multi-axle trucks. The system improves 68% of the safe velocity, and its performance is much better than both di erential braking and active steering. This research proposes an integrated control system that can simultaneously invoke di erential braking and active steering of multi-axle vehicles to fully utilize the abilities and potentials of the two control methods.

Ensuring water security by utilizing roof-harvested rainwater and lake water treated with a low-cost integrated adsorption-filtration system

Drinking water is supplied through a centralized water supply system and may not be accessed by communities in rural areas of Malaysia.This study investigated the performance of a low-cost, self-prepared combined activated carbon and sand filtration(CACSF) system for roofharvested rainwater and lake water for potable use. Activated carbon was self-prepared using locally sourced coconut shell and was activated using commonly available salt rather than a high-tech procedure that requires a chemical reagent. The filtration chamber was comprised of local,readily available sand. The experiments were conducted with varying antecedent dry intervals(ADIs) of up to 15 d and lake water with varying initial chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration. The CACSF system managed to produce effluents complying with the drinking water standards for the parameters p H, dissolved oxygen(DO), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5), COD, total suspended solids(TSS), and ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N). The CACSF system successfully decreased the population of Escherichia coli(E. coli) in the influents to less than 30 CFU/m L. Samples with a higher population of E. coli(that is, greater than 30 CFU/m L) did not show 100% removal. The system also showed high potential as an alternative for treated drinking water for roof-harvested rainwater and class II lake water.

Design of controlled elastic and inelastic structures

One of the founders of structural control theory and its application in civil engineering, Professor Emeritus Tsu T. Soong, envisioned the development of the integral design of structures protected by active control devices. Most of his disciples and colleagues continuously attempted to develop procedures to achieve such integral control. In his recent papers published jointly with some of the authors of this paper, Professor Soong developed design procedures for the entire structure using a design - redesign procedure applied to elastic systems. Such a procedure was developed as an extension of other work by his disciples. This paper summarizes some recent techniques that use traditional active control algorithms to derive the most suitable （optimal, stable） control force, which could then be implemented with a combination of active, passive and semi-active devices through a simple match or more sophisticated optimal procedures. Alternative design can address the behavior of structures using Liapunov stability criteria. This paper shows a unified procedure which can be applied to both elastic and inelastic structures. Although the implementation does not always preserve the optimal criteria, it is shown that the solutions are effective and practical for design of supplemental damping, stiffness enhancement or softening, and strengthening or weakening.

Effects of Cd^(2+) and Pb^(2+) on the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland

The effects of single Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+),and combined Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland(IVCW)were studied.Dehydrogenase activities decreased linearly with the increasing concentrations of Cd^(2+)and Pb^(2+)at different times(6,24,72,and 120 h).The activities at both 6 and 24 h were significantly higher than that at 72 and 120 h in the case of single and combined treatments.The single Cd^(2+)and...

ACTIVE VIBRATION CONTROL AND SUPPRESSION FOR INTEGRATED STRUCTURES

The finite element dynamic model for integrated structures containing distributed piezoelectric sensors and actuators ( S/As ) is formulated with a new piezoelectric plate bending element in this paper. The problem of active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is investigated under constant gain negative velocity feedback control law. A general method for active vibration control and suppression of integrated structures is presented. Finally, numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the method proposed in this paper.

Integrated water vapor during active and break spells of monsoon and its relationship with temperature,precipitation and precipitation efficiency over a tropical site

Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements of integrated water vapor(IWV)for two years(2014 and 2015)are presented in this paper.Variation of IWV during active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon has been studied for a tropical station Hyderabad(17.4°N,78.46°E).The data is validated with ECMWF Re-Analysis(ERA)91 level data.Relationships of IWV with other atmospheric variables like surface temperature,rain,and precipitation efficiency have been established through cross-correlation studies.A positive correlation coefficient is observed between IWV and surface temperature over two years.But the coefficient becomes negative when only summer monsoon months(June,July,August,and September)are considered.Rainfall during these months cools down the surface and could be the reason for this change in the correlation coefficient.Correlation studies between IWV-precipitation,IWVprecipitation efficiency(P.E),and precipitation-P.E show that coefficients are-0.05,-0.10 and 0.983 with 95%confidence level respectively,which proves that the efficacy of rain does not depend only on the level of water vapor.A proper dynamic mechanism is necessary to convert water vapor into the rain.The diurnal variations of IWV during active and break spells have been analyzed.The amplitudes of diurnal oscillation and its harmonics of individual spell do not show clear trends but the mean amplitudes of the break spells are approximately double than those of the active spells.The amplitudes of diurnal,semidiurnal and ter-diurnal components during break spells are 1.08 kg/m^(2),0.52 kg/m;and 0.34 kg/m;respectively.The corresponding amplitudes during active spells are 0.68 kg/m^(2),0.41 kg/m;and 0.23 kg/m;.

Structured Microgrids (SμGs) and Flexible Electronic Large Power Transformers (FeLPTs)

Structured microgrids(SμGs)and Flexible electronic large power transformers(FeLPTs)are emerging as two essential technologies for renewable energy integration,flexible power transmission,and active control.SμGs provide the integration of renewable energy and storage to balance the energy demand and supply as needed for a given system design.FeLPT’s flexibility for processing,control,and re-configurability offers the capability for flexible transmission for effective flow control and enable SμGs connectivity while still keeping multiscale system level control.Early adaptors for combined heat and power have demonstrated significant economic benefits while reducing environmental foot prints.They bring tremendous benefits to utility companies also.With storage and active control capabilities,a 300-percent increase in bulk transmission and distribution lines are possible without having to increase capacity.SμGs and FeLPTs will also enable the utility industry to be better prepared for the emerging large increase in base load demand from electric transportation and data centers.This is a win-win-win situation for the consumer,the utilities(grid operators),and the environment.SμGs and FeLPTs provide value in power substation,energy surety,reliability,resiliency,and security.It is also shown that the initial cost associated with SμG and FeLPTs deployment can be easily offset with reduced operating cost,which in turn reduces the total life-cycle cost by 33%to 67%.

Alternative Optimal Activity Distribution to the Classical Optimal Distribution in Catalyst Pellets with Exergy and Entropy Consideration

It is generally recognized that the optimal distribution of catalyst activity in a spherical catalyst is a Dirac d-function. However, catalyst with other alternative distribution may accomplish the same reaction task without necessarily concentrating the catalyst activity in an inside thin layer. Moreover, the alternative with activity on catalyst surface may offer higher reaction rate and better utilization of reaction heat (higher exergy output). Simple cases of first-order exothermal reactions, in particular when the catalyst is limited by the maximum working temperature, are presented to demonstrate the above advantages and to show the importance of studying the optimal activity distribution with the consideration on exergy maximization and entropy production minimization.

Fabrication of polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics with fine resolution by a hydrophobic treatment assisted hybrid additive manufacturing method

Additive manufacturing(AM)is a free-form technology that shows great potential in the integrated creation of three-dimensional(3D)electronics.However,the fabrication of 3D conformal circuits that fulfill the requirements of high service temperature,high conductivity and high resolution remains a challenge.In this paper,a hybrid AM method combining the fused deposition modeling(FDM)and hydrophobic treatment assisted laser activation metallization(LAM)was proposed for manufacturing the polyetheretherketone(PEEK)-based 3D electronics,by which the conformal copper patterns were deposited on the 3D-printed PEEK parts,and the adhesion between them reached the 5B high level.Moreover,the 3D components could support the thermal cycling test from-55℃ to 125℃ for more than 100 cycles.Particularly,the application of a hydrophobic coating on the FDM-printed PEEK before LAM can promote an ideal catalytic selectivity on its surface,not affected by the inevitable printing borders and pores in the FDM-printed parts,then making the resolution of the electroless plated copper lines improved significantly.In consequence,Cu lines with width and spacing of only60μm and 100μm were obtained on both as-printed and after-polished PEEK substrates.Finally,the potential of this technique to fabricate 3D conformal electronics was demonstrated.