Integrating Electronic Systems for Requesting Clinical Laboratory Test into Digital Clinical Records: Design and Implementation

Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient database, tests and results, with multiple modules available, connecting with the various analytical systems or work areas. However laboratory information systems functioned as “islands of information”, because their design was fundamentally inward-looking and disconnected from other healthcare computer applications. Actually, the Electronic Health Register (EHR) is considered by clinicians as a tool with great potential healthcare benefits. The EHR, in the sense of a unique and complete record of a patient’s healthcare and state of health, regardless of the healthcare level used, is a real attempt to eliminate these “islands of information” and need modules to act as “bridges” with the laboratory information systems. This type of module, which in generic terms may be referred to as a laboratory test request module, has become an essential feature of the EHR. These modules need to use a laboratory coding system as a common language for exchanging information, ensuring that tests and results are unequivocally identified. The development of the laboratory test request module requires the commitment of professionals and political authorities, being necessary time for their design and an adequate pilot phase. The laboratory professionals have to assume a leadership role in the whole process of design, development and implementation of these modules, integrating in the equipment of information technologies of healthcare providers. In our manuscript we review the elements that may prove electronic systems for requesting clinical laboratory test into digital clinical records and the key elements to move from theory to practice.

Decision Making Support System(DSS)——A Synthesized and Integrated Crystallization of Systems Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Electronic Technologies

I firmly believe that of systems engineering is the requirement-driven force for the progress ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies. The development ofsoftware engineering, artificial intelligence and electronic technologies is the technical supportfor the progress of systems engineering. INTEGRATION can be considered as "bridging" the ex-isting technologies and the People together into a coordinated SYSTEM.

Discrete variational principle and first integrals for Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems

This paper presents a discrete vaxiational principle and a method to build first-integrals for finite dimensional Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems with nonconservative forces and a dissipation function. The discrete variational principle and the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are derived from a discrete action associated to these systems. The first-integrals are obtained by introducing the infinitesimal transformation with respect to the generalized coordinates and electric quantities of the systems. This work also extends discrete Noether symmetries to mechanico-electrical dynamical systems. A practical example is presented to illustrate the results.

Symplectic-energy-first integrators of discrete mechanico-electrical dynamical systems

A discrete total variation calculus with variable time steps is presented for mechanico-electrical systems where there exist non-potential and dissipative forces. By using this discrete variation calculus, the symplectic-energy-first integrators for mechanico-electrical systems are derived. To do this, the time step adaptation is employed. The discrete variational principle and the Euler-Lagrange equation are derived for the systems. By using this discrete algorithm it is shown that mechanico-electrical systems are not symplectic and their energies are not conserved unless they are Lagrange mechanico-electrical systems. A practical example is presented to illustrate these results.

Algebraic structure and Poisson＇s theory of mechanico-electrical systems

The algebraic structure and Poisson＇s integral theory of mechanico-electrical systems are studied. The Hamilton canonical equations and generalized Hamilton canonical equations and their the contravariant algebraic forms for mechanico-electrical systems are obtained. The Lie algebraic structure and the Poisson＇s integral theory of Lagrange mechanico-electrical systems are derived. The Lie algebraic structure admitted and Poisson＇s integral theory of the Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems are presented. Two examples are presented to illustrate these results.

A Simplified Sliding Mode Controlled Electronic Differential for an Electric Vehicle with Two Independent Wheel Drives

This paper presents a simple sliding mode control strategy used for an electronic differential system for electric vehicle with two independent wheel drives. When a vehicle drives along a curved road lane, the speed of the inner wheel has to be different from that of the outer wheel in order to prevent the vehicle from vibrating and travelling an unsteady path. Because each wheel of this electrical vehicle has independent driving force, an electrical differential system is required to replace a gear differential system. However, it is difficult to analyse the nonlinear behaviour of the differential system in relation to the speed and steering angle, as well as vehicle structure. The proposed propulsion system consists of two permanent magnet synchronous machines that ensure the drive of the two back driving wheels. The proposed control structure called independent machines for speed control allows the achievement of an electronic differential which ensures the control of the vehicle behaviour on the road. It also allows to control, independently, every driving wheel to turn at different speeds in any curve. Analysis and simulation results of the proposed system are presented in this paper.

Integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system for electric discharge machining

An integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system modeling for Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is constructed on the basis of an integrated engineering database. EDM feature objects are developed using the object oriented database provided by AutoCAD R14, and EDM feature modeling is realized in AutoCAD environments.

Structured Microgrids (SμGs) and Flexible Electronic Large Power Transformers (FeLPTs)

Structured microgrids(SμGs)and Flexible electronic large power transformers(FeLPTs)are emerging as two essential technologies for renewable energy integration,flexible power transmission,and active control.SμGs provide the integration of renewable energy and storage to balance the energy demand and supply as needed for a given system design.FeLPT’s flexibility for processing,control,and re-configurability offers the capability for flexible transmission for effective flow control and enable SμGs connectivity while still keeping multiscale system level control.Early adaptors for combined heat and power have demonstrated significant economic benefits while reducing environmental foot prints.They bring tremendous benefits to utility companies also.With storage and active control capabilities,a 300-percent increase in bulk transmission and distribution lines are possible without having to increase capacity.SμGs and FeLPTs will also enable the utility industry to be better prepared for the emerging large increase in base load demand from electric transportation and data centers.This is a win-win-win situation for the consumer,the utilities(grid operators),and the environment.SμGs and FeLPTs provide value in power substation,energy surety,reliability,resiliency,and security.It is also shown that the initial cost associated with SμG and FeLPTs deployment can be easily offset with reduced operating cost,which in turn reduces the total life-cycle cost by 33%to 67%.

Ground State Energy Calculations of Isoelectronic Series of He in Double-Zeta Approximation Using Coulomb Potential with Noninteger Indices

Using formulae for one- and two-electron integrals of Coulomb interaction potential fk （r） = r^-k with non-integer indices k established by one of the authors with the help of complete orthonormal sets of ψ^α-exponential-type orbitals （α = 1, 0,-1,-2,…）, we perform the calculations for isoelectronic series of the He atom containing nuclear charges from 2 to 10, where k = 1 - μ （-1 〈 μ 〈 0）. For this purpose we have used the double-zeta approximation, the configuration interaction and coupled-cluster methods employing the integer-n Slater-type orbitals as basis sets. It is demonstrated that the results of calculations obtained are better than the numerical Hartree-Fock values.

Effects of End Termination on Electronic Transport in a Molecular Switch

Based on the non-equilibrium Green＇s function formalism and first-principles calculations, we investigate the electronic transport properties of an anthracene-based molecular switch with two carbon nanotube electrodes. Our results show that different terminations at the carbon nanotube end strongly affect the transport properties of the switch. In the case of H-termination the current at low biases is dominated by non-resonant tunneling. In the N-termination case the current at low biases is dominated by quasi-resonant tunneling and is increased by several orders of magnitude. The enhancement is discussed by the molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian level, transmission function, and local density of states.

Towards a (More) Electronic Transmission and Distribution (eT&D)

The challenges and the path towards a(more)electronic transmission and distribution(eT&D)is presented in this paper.The challenges are first identified together with key stakeholders in the drive for grid modernization.A fundamental question is then asked about the investment priority.Six basic characteristics are reviewed,leading to the composition of structured microgrids as the basic functional cell of a modern grid.One example of fractal radial structure and one fractal meshed structure are presented.The likely evolution path is then proposed together with basic technology sets.Specific foundation technologies are discussed in detail,including adiabatic power conversion,3MC technology,medium voltage conversion,distribution-level electronic power transformer and FACTs hardware integration,and back-to-back converters as a universal interconnect element.The rapidly emerging on-wire sensing technology is also discussed.It is pointed out that the distribution-level large electronic power transformer will provide a key component to enable hybrid ac/dc grid flow control and ancillary support for a flexible electronic transmission and distribution(eT&D)systems.

Co-optimization of integrated energy systems in the presence of renewable energy,electric vehicles,power-to-gas systems and energy storage systems with demand-side management

With the widespread penetration of renewable energy sources and energy storage systems,the problem of energy management has received increasing attention.One of the systems that network owners consider today is the power-to-gas(P2G)system.This system causes surplus electricity generated from renewable energy resources or batteries in the network to be converted into gas and sold to the gas network.Two reasons for the existence of gas distributed generation resources and P2G systems cause the two power and gas networks to interact.Energy management and profit making considering these two networks,as a co-optimization of integrated energy systems,is a topic that has been discussed in this study to achieve the best optimal answer.Since the production of renewable energy resources and the purchase price of energy are uncertain,a scenario-based method has been chosen for modelling.Demand-side management is also one of the important problems in optimal operation of the electricity network,which can have a significant impact on reducing peak load and increasing profits.In this paper,a mixed-integer quadratic programming model for co-optimization of electric distribution and gas networks in the presence of distributed generation resources,P2G systems,storage facilities,electric vehicles and demand-side management is presented.The 33-bus distribution network is intended to analyse the proposed model.The results of different scenarios show the efficiency of the proposed model.Several key points are deduced from the obtained results:(i)demand-side management is able to reduce the peak load of the network,(ii)the presence of renewable resources and batteries can cause the network to convert excess electricity into gas and sell it to the gas network in the market and(iii)distributed generation can reduce the purchase of energy from the upstream network and cause a 36% reduction in the cost function.

Effect of In Composition on Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Wurtzite AlGaN/InGaN Heterostructures

The effect of In composition on two-dimensional electron gas in wurtzite AlGaN/InGaN heterostructures is theoretically investigated. The sheet carrier density is shown to increase nearly linearly with In mole fraction x, due to the increase in the polarization charge at the AlGaN/InGaN interface. The electron sheet density is enhanced with the doping in the AlGaN layer. The sheet carrier density is as high as 3.7×1013 cm^-2 at the donor density of 10×1018 cm^-3 for the HEMT structure with x=0.3. The contribution of additional donor density on the electron sheet density is nearly independent of the In mole fraction.

基于Electron的建筑智能化集成系统的设计与实现

建筑智能化集成系统实现公共建筑或居住建筑的运营及管理目标,基于统一的信息平台,以多种类智能化信息集成方式,形成的具有信息汇聚、资源共享、协同运行、优化管理等综合应用功能的系统。通过Electron技术框架将各建筑智能化子系统集成到一个平台,集中管理与统一调度。

Manifestations of the earthquake preparations in the ionosphere total electron content variations

Recent ionospheric observations report anomalous total electron content (TEC) deviations prior strong earthquakes. We discuss common fetures of the pre-earthquake TEC disturbances on the basis of statistics covering 50 strong seismic events during 2005-2006. The F2-layer ionospheric plasma drift under action of the electric fields of seismic origin is proposed as the main reason of producing TEC anomalies. The origin of such electric fields is discussed in terms of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling system. This theory is supported by numerical simulations using global Upper Atmosphere Model (UAM). UAM calculations show that the vertical electric current with the density of about 20 - 40 nA/m2 flowing between the Earth and ionosphere over an area of about 200 by 2000 km is required to produce the TEC disturbances with the amplitude of about 30% - 50% relatively to the non-disturbed conditions. Ionosphere responses on the variations of the latitudinal position, direction and configuration of the vertical electric currents have been investigated. We show that not only the vertical component of the ionospheric plasma drift but also horizontal components play an important role in producing pre-earthquake TEC disturbances.

基于虚拟储能的综合能源系统用能协调控制策略

多能互补综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System,IES)是提高分布式新能源渗透率和增强终端能源消费灵活性的重要手段,针对现有技术在多能系统对外能量特性建模和多系统交互策略方面研究的不足,文章提出了一种基于虚拟储能的综合能源系统用能协调控制方法,基于多代理技术构建楼宇-代理商-配网三层能量交互架构,以描述系统对外特性的虚拟储能模型为交互接口,量化分析管控多楼宇和并网储能、微燃机等多能分布式资源的代理商的虚拟储能。在此基础上,按照系统空间范围扩大递进分析,构建基于多代理的综合能源系统用能协调控制策略,该策略能够根据决策目标最大化利用以配电网为核心的楼宇、园区等各层级综合能源系统的资源,尽可能实现自治运行。

含垃圾能源化处理及电动汽车负载的区域综合能源系统协调优化

传统能源系统互相独立、欠缺联动,容易导致能量的浪费,并且能源结构也难以优化。区域综合能源系统具备多能互补、高效利用的优点,是提高能源利用效率和环保性的重要改进技术。为了利用垃圾蕴含的能量和电动汽车负载端的能源消纳,文中建立一个考虑垃圾焚烧和电动汽车负载的区域综合能源系统模型,利用模型进行系统的优化调度研究。论文分析了系统内的多能源能量流通关系,而后对系统内的各种能源转换设备及电动汽车进行分析,引入垃圾能源化处理,将热能转化为电能,并利用电动汽车进行电能消纳的模式,得出区域综合能源系统的能源效益最大化的模型。通过python进行算例分析,结果表明,含垃圾处理和电动汽车参与的区域综合能源系统既能提高能源的利用效率,又能带来更优的经济效益。

储液式CCS耦合P2G的综合能源系统低碳经济调度

为应对电转气P2G(power-to-gas)和碳捕集系统CCS(carbon capture system)在可再生能源出力不足时耦合失效的问题,考虑对常规CCS引入CO_(2)储液罐以加强P2G和CCS的耦合。首先,构建储液式CCS和P2G的耦合模型,利用储液罐将CCS捕集的CO_(2)时移至可再生能源富足时段,供P2G再利用;其次,构建储液式CCS与P2G耦合的电热气综合能源系统日前优化调度模型;最后,以北方某工业园区为例进行仿真。结果证明所提模型可以充分利用CCS捕集的CO_(2),从而获得更好的经济和环境效益。

多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网双层优化调度研究

随着园区综合能源系统的不断发展与普及,其与上级大电网并网实现交互已成为大势所趋。文中构建了通过联络线相耦合的多园区综合能源系统接入主动配电网的双层优化调度模型。在主动配电网层面,以最小运行成本为目标,充分考虑了联络线功率、分布式电源、储能设备、柔性负荷、电动汽车等可调度资源;在园区层面,以多园区总运行成本最小为目标,考虑了相互联结的多类型园区的并网情况。利用目标级联法对双层模型进行求解。通过算例验证,文中所构建模型具有良好的经济特性与削峰填谷效果,充分证明了文中所提模型的经济性与有效性。