Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging population.Posture and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous mechanisms.To effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory signals.The mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present work.Existing multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older adults.Insufficient emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and balance.In the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s disease.We also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older adults.Lastly,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use efficiency.However,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly understood.In this study,four rice varieties were produced in the field.Each variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three methods.Root length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation practices.ICPs enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen content.The nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were greater.The main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use efficiency.These findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Phenolic Compounds Profile Provides Insights into the Quality of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Fruit

Soursop(Annona muricata L.)is a tropical fruit highly valued for its uniqueflavor,nutritional value,and health-promoting properties.The ripening process of soursop involves complex changes in gene expression and metabo-lite accumulation,which have been studied using various omics technologies.Transcriptome analysis has provided insights into the regulation of key genes involved in ripening,while metabolic compound analysis has revealed the presence of numerous bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.However,the integration of transcrip-tome and metabolite compound data has not been extensively explored in soursop.Therefore,in this paper,we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and phenolic compound profiles of soursop during ripen-ing.The integration analysis showed that the genes and phenolic compounds were mainly involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways during soursop ripening.Further,the phenolic compounds Kaempferol 3-Q-galactoside,Procyanidin C1,Procyanidin trimmer C1,and m-Coumaric,as well as the genes Ubiquitin-like protein 5(UBL5_ARATH),ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease FTSH8(FTSH8_ORYSJ),Zinc transporter 4(ZIP4_AR-ATH),Thioredoxin-like 3-1(TRL31_ORYSJ),Mitogen-activated protein kinase YODA(YODA_ARATH),R-man-delonitrile lyase-like(MGL_ARATH),26s protease regulatory subunit 6A homolog(PRS6_SOLLC),Cytochrome P45072A13(C7A13ARATH),Cytochrome P45084A1(C84A1_ARATH)and Homoserine O-trans-acetylase(MET2-ORYSJ)were correlated and differentially accumulated and expressed,respectively.Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying soursop ripening and may contribute to the development of strategies for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of this important fruit.

Holistic Integrative Medicine Declaration-Secondary publication

Holistic integrative medicine,abbreviated as HIM,has been officially proposed since 2012.Its theoretical system has been continuously improved,and its practical methods have become increasingly diverse,becoming an inevitable choice and path for the medical development in the new era.This article demonstrates ten major propositions for HIM,elaborating on the connotation and extension of HIM fromthe perspectives of epistemology and methodology,in order to achieve the transformation and adaptive evolution of modern medicine.

Integrative nursing as a rudder for salutogenic system change

Welcome to year 6 and volume six of the Journal of Integrative Nursing.It is an honor to join Professor Tang as Editor-in-Chief in cultivating an international community of scholars whose foci includes the topics listed in our instructions for authors.

Research on the Teaching Mode Innovation of Computer Majors Under the Background of Industry and Education Integration

With the rapid development of the times,the continuous innovation of teaching concepts,and the deficiency of the traditional computer teaching mode,the rapid development of computer technology has put forward higher requirements of the teaching mode,so it is imperative to carry on the innovation of teaching mode for computer majors.Combined with the development needs of computer technology in today’s society,this paper combs the shortcomings of the existing teaching mode.Under the background of the integration of industry and education,this paper puts forward the tripartite cooperation mode with students as the core,schools as the bridge,and enterprises as the support,and establishes a new mechanism of the teaching mode of computer majors under the background of the integration of industry and education.This way of learning theory on campus and practicing in society will supplement and strengthen students’professional ability needs in the environment of the rapid development of computers in the future.

新的发展时期Journal of Integrative Agriculture国际化办刊实践

面对国内外期刊行业日益激烈的竞争,作为我国第一本被SCI收录的农业领域综合性学术期刊,Journal of Integrative Agriculture(农业科学学报,原《中国农业科学》英文版)针对新的发展时期面临的问题,在调整办刊思路、优化工作流程、发挥编委作用、做科研型期刊、积极策划专刊(题)、树立服务品牌意识及加强编辑队伍建设等方面进行了实践,力争在其新的发展时期,不断提升学术竞争力,努力打造成为高水准的国际一流学术期刊。

Astrocytes integrate time and space

Astrocytes read and react to synaptic transmission through tripartite synapses,where the binding of neurotransmitters onto astrocytic receptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium.Recent investigations have revealed that astrocytes exhibit two distinct states of intracellular calcium activity:(1)graded subcellular localized clusters with independently active microdomains,likely influenced by nearby synaptic events,and(2)whole-cell astrocyte calcium surges,believed to result from the coordinated activation of multiple synapses.Notably,astrocyte calcium responses are not solely graded;instead,a spatial threshold of intracellular calcium activity can be overcome to elicit an astrocyte calcium surge.Together these calcium responses,in turn,initiate downstream signaling pathways capable of modifying synaptic communication and overall network activity.In summary,astrocytes can function as integrators of local synaptic events,actively contributing to information processing within the brain.

Challenges and improvement strategies in the hospitalization of chronic multimorbid patients

BACKGROUND Addressing the growing challenge of hospitalizing chronic multimorbid patients,this study examines the strain these conditions impose on healthcare systems at a local level,focusing on a pilot program.Chronic diseases and complex patients require comprehensive management strategies to reduce healthcare burdens and improve patient outcomes.If proven effective,this pilot model has the potential to be replicated in other healthcare settings to enhance the management of chronic multimorbid patients.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of the high complexity unit(HCU)in managing chronic multimorbid patients through a multidisciplinary care model and to compare it with standard hospital care.METHODS The study employed a descriptive longitudinal approach,analyzing data from the Basic Minimum Data Set(BMDS)to compare hospitalization variables among the HCU,the Internal Medicine Service,and other services at Antequera Hospital throughout 2022.The HCU,designed for patients with complex chronic conditions,integrates a patient-centered model emphasizing multidisciplinary care and continuity post-discharge.RESULTS The study employed a descriptive longitudinal approach,analyzing data from the BMDS to compare hospitalization variables among the HCU,the Internal Medicine Service,and other services at Antequera Hospital throughout 2022.The HCU,designed for patients with complex chronic conditions,integrates a patient-centered model emphasizing multidisciplinary care and continuity post-discharge.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the HCU in managing patients with complex chronic diseases through a multidisciplinary approach.The coordinated care provided by the HCU results in improved patient outcomes,reduced unnecessary hospitalizations,and better management of patient complexity.The superiority of the HCU compared to standard care is evident in key outcomes such as fewer readmissions and higher patient satisfaction,reinforcing its value as a model of care to be replicated.

Cohort study on the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer with integrated Chinese and western medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.

Harnessing artificial intelligence for identifying conflicts of interest in research

This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.

Crosstalk among canonical Wnt and Hippo pathway members in skeletal muscle and at the neuromuscular junction

Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pathophysiological processes in muscle fibers.In this review,we will summarize and discuss the data on these two pathways,focusing on their concerted action next to their contribution to skeletal muscle biology.However,an in-depth discussion of the noncanonical Wnt pathway,the fibro/a dipogenic precursors,or the mechanosensory aspects of these pathways is not the focus of this review.

传承开拓精神 打造精品期刊——实现《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》的跨越式发展

总结《植物学报》近年来的办刊实践和感悟。认为明确的期刊定位、国际化的编委会、海外合作出版、开放存取、追踪前沿学科的优秀稿件、发表周期短、出版质量高、期刊的广泛宣传、高效运作的编辑部等,是《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》成长为我国精品科技期刊的主要因素。

Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice

A major challenge in rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is to cope with increasing grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising grain quality.This study was designed to determine if optimizing integrative cultivation management in rice could improve grain quality while increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).An indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar and a japonica rice cultivar were grown in the field,with five cultivation managements including no N application(0 N),local farmer's practice(LFP),and three optimizi ng in teg rati ve cultivati on managements,reducing N rate and increasi ng plant density(ND),ND+alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(NDW),and NDW+applying rapeseed cake fertilizer(NDWR).The results showed that the optimizi ng integrative cultivati on man ageme nts could not only in crease grain yield,but also enhance NUE compared to LFP.Compared to LFP,NDWR sign ifica ntly in creased brow n,milled,head milled rice rate,ratio of the kern el le ngth to breadth and breakdown value of starch,whereas decreased amylose content,gel consiste ncy,prolamin con tent,setback value,perce ntage of chalky kern els,and chalki ness.The three optimizing in tegrative cultivation managements increased con tents of total protei ns,albumin and glutelin,activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch con version in grains,root oxidati on activity,and malic and succinic acid concentrations in root exudates during the grain-filling period.The results suggested that optimizing integrative cultivation managements could improve grain quality meanwhile increase grain yield and NUE by enhancing physiological activities of rice plants.

Irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation management with integrative medicine: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and functional constipation(FC)are two commonly encountered functional gastrointestinal disorders in clinical practice and are usually managed with Western medicines in cooperation with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)interventions.Although clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)have been developed to assist clinicians with their decisions,there are still gaps in management with regard to integrative medicine(IM)recommendations.AIM To comprehensively review the currently available CPGs and to provide a reference for addressing the gaps in IBS and FC management.METHODS We searched mainstream English and Chinese databases and collected data from January 1990 to January 2019.The search was additionally enriched by manual searches and the use of publicly available resources.Based on the development method,the guidelines were classified into evidence-based(EB)guidelines,consensus-based(CB)guidelines,and consensus-based guidelines with no comprehensive consideration of the EB(CB-EB)guidelines.With regard to the recommendations,the strength of the interventions was uniformly converted to a 4-point grading scale.RESULTS Thirty CPGs met the inclusion criteria and were captured as data extraction sources.Most Western medicine(WM)CPGs were developed as EB guidelines.All TCM CPGs and most IM CPGs were identified as CB guidelines.Only the 2011 IBS and IM CPG was a CB-EB set of guidelines.Antispasmodics and peppermint oil for pain,loperamide for diarrhea,and linaclotide for constipation polyethylene glycol and lactulose as osmotic laxatives,bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate as stimulant laxatives,lubiprostone and linaclotide as prosecretory agents,and prucalopride were strongly recommended or recommended in FC.TCM interventions were suggested based on pattern differentiation,while the recommendation level was considered to be weak or insufficient.CONCLUSION WM CPGs generally provide a comprehensive management algorithm,although there are still some gaps that could be addressed with TCM.Specific high-quality trials are needed to enrich the evidence.

The effect of integrative crop management on root growth and methane emission of paddy rice

In previous studies, integrative crop management (ICM) improved shoot growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, little is known about the effect of ICM on root growth and methane (CH4) emission of paddy rice. In this study, two rice varieties, Wuyunjing 24 and Yongyou 2640, were grown. A field experiment was conducted with three crop management treatments including zero nitrogen fertilization (0N), local farmer practice (LFP), and ICM. Root morphophysiological traits and CH4 emission from the paddy field were investigated. ICM significantly increased mean grain yield by 29.9%, with the effect attributed mainly to an increase in mean total number of spikelets by 26.4% compared to LFP. ICM increased root and shoot biomass, root length, number of roots, root oxidation activity (ROA), root bleeding rate, and root total and active absorbing surface area by respectively 24.4%, 25.7%, 17.1%, 9.3%, 18.7%, 29.5%, 12.1%, and 24.7%. The concentrations of malic, succinic, and acetic acids in root exudates were respectively 5.8%, 6.0%, and 10.5% higher in ICM than in LFP. Compared to LFP, ICM significantly decreased the rate of CH4 emission during emission peak stages and reduced total CH4 emission by 17.1%. The root morphophysiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield, whereas root length, specific root length, ROA, and root total and active absorbing surface area were negatively and significantly correlated with total CH4 emission. These results suggest that ICM could achieve the dual goals of increasing grain yield and reducing the greenhouse gas effect by improving the root morphology and physiological traits of paddy rice.

Technology and diabetes self-management: An integrative review

Technology can be used to supplement healthcare provider diabetes care by providing both educational and motivational support. Education can be provided using technology allowing patients to learn new practices and routines related to diabetes management. Technology can support daily diabetes self-management activities including blood glucose monitoring, exercising, healthy eating, taking medication, monitoring for complications, and problem-solving. This article describes an integrative review conducted to evaluate the types of technology being used to facilitate diabetes self-management and the effect of that technology on self-management and diabetes outcomes for adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A literature review was conducted by searching Medline, Pub Med, and Psych INFO databases using the search terms: diabetes self-management, technology, type 2 diabetes, smartphones, cell phones, and diabetes mellitus covering the years from 2008-2013. Articles relying on secondary data(editorials, systematic reviews) and articles describing study protocol only were excluded. Fourteen studies including qualitative, quasiexperimental, and randomized controlled trial designs were identified and included in the review. The review found that technological interventions had positive impacts on diabetes outcomes including improvements in hemoglobin A1 C levels, diabetes self-management behaviors, and diabetes self-efficacy. Results indicate that technological interventions can benefit people living with diabetes when used in conjunction with diabetes care delivered by healthcare providers.

Interventions for self-management of type 2 diabetes:An integrative review

Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been identified as one of the most challenging chronic illnesses to manage.Since the management of diabetes is mainly accomplished by patients and families,selfmanagement has become the mainstay of diabetes care.However,a significant proportion of patients fail to engage in adequate self-management.A priority research question is how do interventions affect the self-management behaviors of persons with Type 2 diabetes?Purpose/Objectives:The purpose of this integrative review is to provide a summary and critique of interventions that support diabetes self-management in the patient with TypeⅡdiabetes mellitus.Design:An integrative review design,with a comprehensive methodological approach of reviews,allowing inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies.Procedures:A comprehensive search was conducted via Ebscohost using databases of Academic Search Complete,CINAHL,Health Source:Nursing/Academic Edition,MEDLINE,PsycArtiCLES,and PsycInfo.The final number of papers used for this review were:motivational interviewing(6),peer support/coaching(10),problem solving therapy(3),technology-based interventions(30),lifestyle modification programs(7),patient education(11),mindfulness(3),and cognitive behavioral therapy(5).Results:Studies were examined from seventeen countries including a broad range of cultures and ethnicities.While interventions have shown mixed results in all interventional categories,many studies do support small to modest improvements in physiologic,behavioral,and psychological outcome measures.Considerable heterogeneity of interventions exists.The most commonly reported physiologic measure was HbA1c level.Outcome measures were collected mostly at 6 and 12 months.Duration of most research was limited to one year.Conclusions:Research exploring the impact of interventions for self-management has made major contributions to the care of persons with type 2 diabetes,from offering suggestions for improving care,to stimulating new questions for research.However,implications for clinical practice remain inconclusive,and limitations in existing research suggest caution in interpreting results of studies.

Patient-reported Outcomes (PROs): An Approach to Evaluate Treatment Efficacy of Chinese Medicine or Integrative Medicine

Chinese medicine (CM) has been an experience based practice over the past three thousand years. The safety and efficacy of CM has been practised through experience, rather than nowadays’ modern scientific measurements. In this way, the development of CM has not been keeping pace with the advance in science and technology and the progress in orthodox medicine. In order to meet the requirements of modern science and technology, an evidence based approach must be adopted. Reassurance is needed to convince people for safety and efficacy of CM and give confidence to the evidence based demands ——“Tradition is confirmed by Modern Science” (1) .

Health literacy and health outcomes in hypertension: An integrative review

Objective:The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence of health literacy and health outcomes in hypertensive patients.Methods:Articles published in English were searched from six databases:MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,ERIC,psycINFO,and SCOPUS.The articles published up to September 2017 were included.Results:Nineteen publications were included in the review.There was quality and consistent evidence that hypertensive patients with lower literacy had poorer knowledge.There was inconsistent evidence to show the relationship between health literacy and clinical outcomes,of systolic and diastolic blood pressure,and blood pressure control;behavioral outcomes,of self-care,self-efficacy,adherence;patientphysician interactions outcomes,of patient-physician communication,patient trust,involvement in decision making and other outcomes.Conclusion:The person with low health literacy is likely to have poor knowledge of hypertension.However,there is insufficient evidence to suggest that health literacy is associated with outcomes of hypertension independently.