WHU-Grace01s:A new temporal gravity field model recovered from GRACE KBRR data alone

A new temporal gravity field model called WHU-Grace01s solely recovered from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment （GRACE） K-Band Range Rate （KBRR） data based on dynamic integral approach is presented in this paper. After meticulously preprocessing of the GRACE KBRR data, the root mean square of its post residuals is about 0.2 micrometers per second, and seventy-two monthly temporal solutions truncated to degree and order 60 are computed for the period from January 2003 to December 2008. After applying the combi- nation filter in WHU-Grace01s, the global temporal signals show obvious periodical change rules in the large-scale fiver basins. In terms of the degree variance, our solution is smaller at high degrees, and shows a good consistency at the rest of degrees with the Release 05 models from Center for Space Research （CSR）, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam （GFZ） and Jet Pro- pulsion Laboratory 0PL）. Compared with other published models in terms of equivalent water height distribution, our solution is consistent with those published by CSR, GFZ, JPL, Delft institute of Earth Observation and Space system （DEOS）, Tongji University （Tongji）, Institute of Theoretical Geodesy （ITG）, Astronomical Institute in University of Bern （AIUB） and Groupe de Recherche de Geodesie Spatiale （GRGS}, which indicates that the accuracy of WHU-Grace01s has a good consistency with the previously published GRACE solutions.

Experiment and Achievement Enlightenment of Integrated Prospecting of Carbonate-Type Lead-Zinc Deposits in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Region of China

Mississippi-Valley＇s carbonate-type （MVT） lead-zinc deposits are the most important type of lead-zinc deposits in the southwest of China. In 2013, China Geological Survey Bureau deployed a project named ＂Experimental Investigation of Integrated Prospecting Technology for Concealed Carbonate-Type Lead-Zinc Deposits in the Region of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces＂. This project has been implemented by the Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey since 2013, and the project has run for 3 years. The general objective of this project is to establish an effective and adaptable integrated prospecting methodology （including geological, geophysical and geochemical techniques） in search for deep concealed lead-zinc deposits.

Preliminary Experience of Integrative Medicine in Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury （AKI）,a concept that replaces the traditional concept known as acute renal failure（ARF）, has been adopted by more and more nephrologists and intensive-care specialists in recent years.The definition and diagnostic criteria of AKI are quite different from those of ARF. It should be noted that although the study of the pathophysiology of AKI, as well as supportive therapies such as blood purification therapy, has obtained significant progress, the incidence of end- stage renal diseases and mortality rate caused by AKI are still high. Therefore, it has a great practical significance to make efforts to study prevention and treatment of AKI.

Experiences on the Integrative Medical Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury

The definition of acute renal failure（ARF） has not gotten common understanding yet in a long time,which leads to the difficulty in comparing the outcomes of some different studies,and has impacted the advance of diagnosis and treatment on the illness to certain extents. Most of the scholars hold that the attention paid to the early diagnosis and intervention of ARF was insufficient in recent years. Lots of clinical researchers indicated that even a slight impairment of renal function could result in the increasing of the morbidity and mortality of ARF.

Experience in a Chinese Conference on Integrative Medicine

At the 3rd World Integrative Medicine Congress in Guangzhou, China, September 22-24, 2007, I had a lucky opportunity to be invited to give a talk. The topic of my talk was ＇How to write and submit scientific papers for publication： guidance for Chinese scholars in the field of integrative medicine＇. My primary purpose for accepting the invitation to speak at the conference was educational, that of delivering scientific writing guidelines, but my personal reasons included my interest in learning about the Chinese version of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. In addition, I was making first trip to China's Mainland. In this brief report, I would like to share my sketch of the conference and my impressions.

DREAMS OF AN INTEGRATED THEORY OF EXPERIENCE

本文从法位学的角度谈关于人类经验一体化理论的一些设想。 人类总是努力认识周围世界的格局和意义,没有这二者,就达不到人类所渴求的认识一体化。但是知识界却常常分割成许多各自严守畛域的学科、学派。 一百年来,学者们力图使社会研究也变成客观的科学,语言学、心理学等莫不如此,一时蔚为风气。但是,在错综复杂的经验领域里,精确的预测和计量是难以办到的;勉强做去,常常导致简单化。 各种学科隔离分立的趋向,多少为另一种倾向所抵销,就是一种学术风尚,由于思想的交流,会影响到其他学科。二十年代心理学从Wundt的理论转向行为主义,语言学者Bloomfield也随之将注意力从内心移到作为行为的语言。后来,语言学者Chomsky又一度促使心理学者转而考察语言与人的固有观念的关系。 本文作者主张应当将注意力集中于观察事物的人,而不是集中于物。科学的首要原则是把观察事物的人看得重于人所观察的事物。这样,象“句”或“词”这样的语言术语,就要以人的交际活动作为下定义的出发点。从五十年代起,作者即试图表明,语言是人的行为的一部分,有一定的结构,后者可以应用跟分析足球比赛、礼拜仪式等一样的方法加以分析。为此创造了两个术语,并渐被人类学界所采用,就是“唯位”(emic,取自pho-nemic“音位的”)和“唯素”(etic,取自phonetic“音素的”)。唯位观点是圈内人的观点,他只对自幼学会的语言中具有对比(互相区别)作用的特征作出反应;唯素观点则是圈外人的观点,他对是否有对比作用是不加区分的。后来,又由此扩而大之,试图在语法中找出类似音位的唯位单位,称之为“法位”,从而建立了法位学。作者认为,观察者本身也必须包括在研究对象之中。正是由于观察者这个因素,人们才必须对上述的唯位的和唯素的知识加以区别。 近年来,作者写过三部著作,向哲学、文艺学和自然科学的研究者介绍语言学的原理和概念。如果这几方面的学者也能从相反的方向来考察语言,一座双向的学术交流的桥梁就架设起来了。 作者自己从物理学借来三个术语,把它应用到语言学中,就是“粒子”、“波”、“场”。语言学里已经有个很有用的术语“单位”,如把单位看作是可以从它的环境中分离出来加以研究的东西,就可以叫做“粒子”,亦即当它是有一定界限,可以分类,常常可以科学地测量的东西。但纯粹采取“粒子”的观点,不足以探究音或词相互融合的现象。在急速的说话中,音常被省略或替换,就是在舒缓的说话中,也要受前后的音的影响。这里就用得着“波”这个概念。波峰是波的核心,可以借以辨别音;这样,为了方便,可以只辨别单位而不必确定其界限。按照粒子观点,可以将音列表、分类、编入词典等等,而按照波的观点,可以更精细地讨论音的物理特性。 “场”的观点强调的是经验的相互关系。但它不把经验单纯看作一套关系。语言学把关系所构成的体系也看作一个单位。据此,作者认为一种语言的音位表也是关于这一语言的一个重要事实,本身也是个(场)单位。又如,知识不仅仅是己知片断的总和,而是有结构的体系,各个片断有系统地组成一个总的关系的场。 每个单位不是孤立自足的,而是把一定的环境也包括在内作为它的构成要素。认为可以离开环境客观地 发现一个单位、事物或关系,乃是一种幻想。感知一个单位,就牵连到观察者自己在内。当他感知两个单位之间,或一个单位的两个特征之间存在的对比时,他就给这个单位加上了自己的双项性牵连。如果把一个单位感知为实体或粒子(单一的东西、情境、关系或体系),他就加上了单项性牵连。如果他把某一单位看作是处在变化、生长、衰败或融合的过程中(例如观察破败中的房子),那就把他的感知作为带有波的性质的环境成分加上去;如果他从关系(场)的角度观察一个单位(例如研究房子的楼面布置和房间安排,或它跟同一楼区其他房屋的关系),他就加上了观察者的关系成分。如果把三者合起来,就加进三项性的观察者环境成分(例如那座破败中(波)的旧房子(粒子)的楼面布置(场))。 法位学采取这单项、双项、三项三种观察焦点,并把它们全都看作法位学理论明白宣示的、不可缺少的一部分,并且看作环境的一部分,而这环境又构成客观单位本身的一部分。目前,作者夫妇又把法位学观点推进一步,通过法位本身的描写,加上了一个四项性观点,提出:法位具有四个特征,每个特征都牵涉到一种为法位所不可缺少的环境,所以法位又叫“环境中的单位”。这四个环境成分是:1)轨位,即一个单位在比它更大的单位中所占的位置(如主语在英语被动句中的位置)。2)类别,其中一个成员可以填补这个轨位(如名词短语可以填补主语轨位)。3)作用,即类别在轨位中的语义作用(如在被动句中表示受事性主语)。这个环境不是形式的东西,它是整个法位的意义。形式和意义(如类别和作用)不能分割,形式类别离开它的语义环境就无法确定,反之语义作用不联系它的形式表现也无由确定。所以法位学不采取先研究句法,然后才研究语义,或者反过来先探讨认为先已存在的意义分类,再赋予结构形式的作法。4)接应,这个环境在单位所出现的结构中是观察不到的,它是一般的背景,别的结构,信仰,体系,期望等。这些东西制约或影响这一法位类别中哪一个成员要出现,或者反过来受其制约。