Error Analysis of A New Higher Order Boundary Element Method for A Uniform Flow Passing Cylinders

A higher order boundary element method(HOBEM)is presented for inviscid flow passing cylinders in bounded or unbounded domain.The traditional boundary integral equation is established with respect to the velocity potential and its normal derivative.In present work,a new integral equation is derived for the tangential velocity.The boundary is discretized into higher order elements to ensure the continuity of slope at the element nodes.The velocity potential is also expanded with higher order shape functions,in which the unknown coefficients involve the tangential velocity.The expansion then ensures the continuities of the velocity and the slope of the boundary at element nodes.Through extensive comparison of the results for the analytical solution of cylinders,it is shown that the present HOBEM is much more accurate than the conventional BEM.

Analytical mechanics methods for solving Whittaker equations

The purpose of this paper is to study the solution of the celebrated Whittaker equations by using analytical mechanics methods, including the Lagrange-Noether method, Hamilton-Poisson method and potential integral method.

A potential integration method for Birkhoffian system

This paper is intended to apply the potential integration method to the differential equations of the Birkhoffian system. The method is that, for a given Birkhoffian system, its differential equations are first rewritten as 2n first-order differential equations. Secondly, the corresponding partial differential equations are obtained by potential integration method and the solution is expressed as a complete integral. Finally, the integral of the system is obtained.

Potential method of integration for solving the equations of mechanical systems

This paper is intended to apply a potential method of integration to solving the equations of holonomic and nonholonomic systems. For a holonomic system, the differential equations of motion can be written as a system of differential equations of first order and its fundamental partial differential equation is solved by using the potential method of integration. For a nonholonomic system, the equations of the corresponding holonomic system are solved by using the method and then the restriction of the nonholonomic constraints on the initial conditions of motion is added.

Tour Planning Design for Mobile Robots Using Pruned Adaptive Resonance Theory Networks

The development of intelligent algorithms for controlling autonomous mobile robots in real-time activities has increased dramatically in recent years.However,conventional intelligent algorithms currently fail to accurately predict unexpected obstacles involved in tour paths and thereby suffer from inefficient tour trajectories.The present study addresses these issues by proposing a potential field integrated pruned adaptive resonance theory(PPART)neural network for effectively managing the touring process of autonomous mobile robots in real-time.The proposed system is implemented using the AlphaBot platform,and the performance of the system is evaluated according to the obstacle prediction accuracy,path detection accuracy,time-lapse,tour length,and the overall accuracy of the system.The proposed system provide a very high obstacle prediction accuracy of 99.61%.Accordingly,the proposed tour planning design effectively predicts unexpected obstacles in the environment and thereby increases the overall efficiency of tour navigation.

Stability of fluorochrome based assays to measure subcellular sperm functions

Aim： To evaluate the long-term stability of the fluorescence signals of new fluorescence-based semen analysis assays for clinical application. Methods： Semen samples from 87 unselected infertile patients were used to perform the following assays： （i） detection of active caspase-3 （n = 17）; （ii） integrity of the mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） （n = 17）; （iii） externalization of phosphatidylserine （EPS） （n = 16）; and （iv） detection of intact acrosomes via CD46 （n = 37）. After the assays, 4% paraformaldehyde was added to all aliquots. The fluorescence intensity of each sample was evaluated by flow cytometry on days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Results： Differences of up to ± 5% positive spermatozoa from the value measured at day 0 were estimated as acceptable deviation. The Caspase-3 FLICA^TM showed mean differences 〈 5% at day 3, 7 and 10. At day 14 the mean difference was 7.6%. In contrast, the disrupted MMP and the EPS detection showed differences 〉 5% at day 3. The CD46-FITC labeling displayed absolute differences 〈 5% CD46-positive spermatozoa at days 3, 7, 10 and 14. Conclusion： Although immediate analysis of the fluorescence signals is recommended, it is possible to evaluate caspase-3 activation up to 10 days and CD46 up to 14 days after staining of sperm. The FACS evaluation of MMP and EPS detection should be conducted on the same day.

Efficient approach and application of the Green's functions in spatial domain in multilayered media

Based on the dipole source method, all components of the Green＇s functions in spectral domain are restructured concisely by four basis functions, and in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method （DCIM） with the high order Sommerfeld identities, an efficient algorithm for closed-form Green＇s functions in spatial domain in multilayered media is presented. This new work enjoys the advantages of the surface wave pole extraction directly carried out by the generalized integral path without troubles of that all components of Green＇s function in spectral domain should be reformed respectively in transmission line network analogy, and then the Green＇s functions for mixed-potential integral equation （MPIE） analysis in both near-field and far-field in multilayered media are obtained. In addition, the curl operator for coupled field in MPIE is avoided conveniently. It is especially applicable and useful to characterize the electromagnetic scattering by, and radiation in the presence of, the electrically large 3-D objects in multilayered media. The numerical results of the S-parameters of a microstrip periodic bandgap （PBG） filter, the radar cross section （RCS） of a large microstrip antenna array, the characteristics of scattering, and radiation from the three-dimensional （3-D） targets in multilayered media are obtained, to demonstrate better effectiveness and accuracy of this technique.