An intelligent control method based on artificial neural network for numerical flight simulation of the basic finner projectile with pitching maneuver

In this paper,an intelligent control method applying on numerical virtual flight is proposed.The proposed algorithm is verified and evaluated by combining with the case of the basic finner projectile model and shows a good application prospect.Firstly,a numerical virtual flight simulation model based on overlapping dynamic mesh technology is constructed.In order to verify the accuracy of the dynamic grid technology and the calculation of unsteady flow,a numerical simulation of the basic finner projectile without control is carried out.The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment data which shows that the algorithm used in this paper can also be used in the design and evaluation of the intelligent controller in the numerical virtual flight simulation.Secondly,combined with the real-time control requirements of aerodynamic,attitude and displacement parameters of the projectile during the flight process,the numerical simulations of the basic finner projectile’s pitch channel are carried out under the traditional PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)control strategy and the intelligent PID control strategy respectively.The intelligent PID controller based on BP(Back Propagation)neural network can realize online learning and self-optimization of control parameters according to the acquired real-time flight parameters.Compared with the traditional PID controller,the concerned control variable overshoot,rise time,transition time and steady state error and other performance indicators have been greatly improved,and the higher the learning efficiency or the inertia coefficient,the faster the system,the larger the overshoot,and the smaller the stability error.The intelligent control method applying on numerical virtual flight is capable of solving the complicated unsteady motion and flow with the intelligent PID control strategy and has a strong promotion to engineering application.

Hierarchical CNNPID Based Active Steering Control Method for Intelligent Vehicle Facing Emergency Lane-Changing

To resolve the response delay and overshoot problems of intelligent vehicles facing emergency lane-changing due to proportional-integral-differential(PID)parameter variation,an active steering control method based on Convolutional Neural Network and PID(CNNPID)algorithm is constructed.First,a steering control model based on normal distribution probability function,steady constant radius steering,and instantaneous lane-change-based active for straight and curved roads is established.Second,based on the active steering control model,a three-dimensional constraint-based fifth-order polynomial equation lane-change path is designed to address the stability problem with supersaturation and sideslip due to emergency lane changing.In addition,a hierarchical CNNPID Controller is constructed which includes two layers to avoid collisions facing emergency lane changing,namely,the lane change path tracking PID control layer and the CNN control performance optimization layer.The scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation-based forward propagation control law is designed to optimize the PID control performance based on input parameters,and the elastic backpropagation-based module is adopted for weight correction.Finally,comparison studies and simulation/real vehicle test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness,significance,and advantages of the proposed controller.

Fuzzy-GA PID controller with incomplete derivation and its application to intelligent bionic artificial leg

An optimal PID controller with incomplete derivation is proposed based on fuzzy inference and the geneticalgorithm, which is called the fuzzy-GA PID controller with incomplete derivation. It consists of the off-line part andthe on-line part. In the off-line part, by taking the overshoot, rise time, and settling time of system unit step re-sponse as the performance indexes and by using the genetic algorithm, a group of optimal PID parameters K*p , Ti* ,and Tj are obtained, which are used as the initial values for the on-line tuning of PID parameters. In the on-linepart, based on K; , Ti* , and T*d and according to the current system error e and its time derivative, a dedicatedprogram is written, which is used to optimize and adjust the PID parameters on line through a fuzzy inference mech-anism to ensure that the system response has optimal dynamic and steady-state performance. The controller has beenused to control the D. C. motor of the intelligent bionic artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computersimulation shows that this kind of optimal PID controller has excellent control performance and robust performance.

Intelligent PID guidance control for AUV path tracking

Based on rational behavior model of three layers, a tracking control system is designed for straight line tracking which is commonly used in underwater survey missions. An intelligent PID control law implemented as planning level during the control system using transverse deviation is came up with. Continuous tracking of path expressed by a point sequence can be realized by the law. Firstly, a path tracking control system based on rational behavior model of three layers is designed, mainly satisfying the needs of underactuated AUV. Since there is no need to perform spatially coupled maneuvers, the 3D path tracking control is decoupled into planar 2D path tracking and depth or height tracking separately. Secondly, planar path tracking controller is introduced. For the reason that more attention is paid to comparing with vertical position control, transverse deviation in analytical form is derived. According to the Lyapunov direct theory, control law is designed using discrete PID algorithm whose parameters obey adaptive fuzzy adjustment. Reference heading angle is given as an output of the guidance controller conducted by lateral deviation together with its derivative. For the purpose of improving control quality and facilitating parameter modifying, data normalize modules based on Sigmoid function are applied to input-output data manipulation. Lastly, a sequence of experiments was carried out successfully, including tests in Longfeng lake and at the Yellow sea. In most challenging sea conditions, tracking errors of straight line are below 2 m in general. The results show that AUV is able to compensate the disturbance brought by sea current. The provided test results demonstrate that the designed guidance controller guarantees stably and accurately straight route tracking. Besides, the proposed control system is accessible for continuous comb-shaped path tracking in region searching.

Intelligent PID controller based on ant system algorithm and fuzzy inference and its application to bionic artificial leg

A designing method of intelligent proportional-integral-derivative(PID) controllers was proposed based on the ant system algorithm and fuzzy inference. This kind of controller is called Fuzzy-ant system PID controller. It consists of an off-line part and an on-line part. In the off-line part, for a given control system with a PID controller,by taking the overshoot, setting time and steady-state error of the system unit step response as the performance indexes and by using the ant system algorithm, a group of optimal PID parameters K*p , Ti* and T*d can be obtained, which are used as the initial values for the on-line tuning of PID parameters. In the on-line part, based on Kp* , Ti*and Td* and according to the current system error e and its time derivative, a specific program is written, which is used to optimize and adjust the PID parameters on-line through a fuzzy inference mechanism to ensure that the system response has optimal transient and steady-state performance. This kind of intelligent PID controller can be used to control the motor of the intelligent bionic artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation experiment shows that the controller has less overshoot and shorter setting time.

Human-Simulating Intelligent PID Control

Motivated by PID control simplicity, robustness and validity to deal with the nonlinearity and uncertainties of dynamics, through simulating the intelligent behavior of human manual control, and only using the elementary information on hand, this paper introduces a simple formulation to represent prior knowledge and experiences of human manual control, and proposes a simple and practicable control law, named Human-Simulating Intelligent PID control (HSI-PID), and the simple tuning rules with the explicit physical meaning. HSI-PID control can not only easily incorporate prior knowledge and experiences of experts control into the controller but also automatically acquire knowledge of control experiences from the past control behavior to correct the control action online. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that: HSI-PID control has the better flexibility, stronger robustness, and especially the faster self-learning ability, and it can make the motion of system identically track the desired response, whether the controlled system has the strong nonlinearity and uncertainties of dynamics or not, even under the actions of uncertain, varying-time and strong disturbances.

基于前馈补偿LQR与PID的矿井无轨胶轮车横纵向控制研究

无人驾驶技术是实现无轨胶轮车井下安全、智能、高效运输的重要方案之一,为了提高无人驾驶过程中的轨迹跟踪精度,提出了基于前馈补偿的横向线性二次型调节器(Linear Quadratic Regulator,LQR)与纵向比例积分微分(Proportion Integration Derivative,PID)位移速度调节器相结合的控制策略,实现车辆的横纵向协调控制。通过建立考虑轮胎侧偏特性的2自由度无轨胶轮车动力学模型和跟踪误差模型,并采用井下无轨胶轮车实车参数建立其电机模型,得到车辆的驱动制动输出。利用Carsim和Matlab/Simulink搭建联合仿真环境,分别在井下双车道工况、单车道工况与颠簸路面工况下进行了轨迹跟踪仿真验证。结果表明:在3种工况下车辆轨迹跟踪过程中的最大横向误差仅为5 cm,最大纵向误差仅为10 cm,速度误差控制在1 m/s以内,航向误差范围为±0.1 rad,前轮偏转角变化平稳未出现抖动现象。为验证控制器在井下实际环境下的跟踪性能,使用实验室小车于陕西某井下巷道进行了现场试验验证,结果表明:井下实际巷道下试验结果误差仍在合理范围内,解决了车辆运行过程中的速度和路径的时变问题,反映出该控制器具有较高的精度和较好的稳定性。

基于改进麻雀搜索算法的PID参数整定系统设计

PID参数整定是PID控制中的一个关键步骤,常规的PID控制在一定程度上已被淘汰。为改善PID控制的效果和精度,文中将黄金正弦策略与精英反向学习策略相结合,提出一种改进的麻雀搜索算法。用23个标准函数对所提出的新方法进行了验证,实验结果证明了新方法的有效性。利用改进的麻雀搜索算法对PID控制参数进行了优化,并对该方法进行了仿真分析。结果表明,采用该方法进行PID参数整定时,其具有更好的稳定性、更高的精度和更好的性能。

单神经元PID控制仿真与实现研究

经典PID控制参数整定方法繁琐并且容易对设备造成损伤,此外,当系统对象存在非线性、环境变化或者其他因素时,系统的稳定性和响应速度也会受到一定的影响。为了解决这些问题,该文引入神经网络与PID控制方法相结合,控制对象选择双容水箱,对系统进行多次仿真、对比,然后提出神经网络控制仿真参数设置方法,进而将神经网络PID控制算法应用于实际控制系统中,实验证明该创新方案不仅解决了PID控制方法存在的问题,还找到了一个低成本的升级方案,为控制系统提供了重要的技术支持。

High Precision Motion Control of Hybrid Five-Bar Mechanism with an Intelligent Control

Hybrid mechanism is a new type of planar controllable mechanism. Position control accuracy of system determines the output accuracy of the mechanism. In order to achieve the desired high accuracy,nonlinear factors as friction must be accurately compensated in the real-time servo control algorithm. In this paper,the model of a hybrid five-bar mechanism is introduced. In terms of the characteristics of the hybrid mechanism,a hybrid intelligent control algorithm based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control and cerebellar model articulation control techniques was presented and used to perform control of hybrid five-bar mechanism for the first time. The simulation results show that the hybrid control method can improve the control effect remarkably,compared with the traditional PID control strategy.

参数在线调整的模糊自适应PID控制研究

PID是工程中最为广泛应用的控制器技术,因其需要在实际使用中多次凑试来确定参数,这个过程非常耗时。而且凑试出来的参数往往固定,虽然能够使被控系统最终达到控制要求,但收敛过程较慢。模糊PID的提出部分地解决了这些问题,通过偏差量来选择模糊规则表里的不同数值,达到了动态地调整PID参数的效果,使被控系统能够快速收敛。然而,模糊PID依然存在改进的空间,通过对模糊PID的输入论域和输出论域分别引入指数型函数作为伸缩因子的方法,使模糊PID的参数达到了在线调整的效果,实现了模糊自适应PID。通过仿真应用的比较结果,证实了提出的参数在线调整的模糊自适应PID控制方法,相较于普通的模糊PID具有更优的动态特性。

基于模糊PID算法的三轮智能车应用

针对实际的三轮智能车运动过程以及停止时的稳定性问题提出一种解决方案。将模糊控制理论与传统PID控制方法相结合,同时利用陀螺仪和编码器得到的定位信息,达到对三轮智能车快速稳定高效地运动控制。通过硬件电路地设计制板焊接和机械结构地制图加工装配,得到三轮智能小车硬件结构;结合对STM32控制芯片的嵌入式程序编写,得到三轮智能车的控制核心。通过计算机仿真和实际三轮智能车运动实验数据的分析,验证该算法的实用性以及准确性,速度控制精度达到1cm/s,定位精度达到5cm。

基于模糊PID控制的NB-IoT果蔬农业物联网系统设计与试验

针对传统果蔬农业大棚环境数据感知不强、现场维护工作量大、无线覆盖区域受限、生产管理效率低、成本高的问题,提出一套基于模糊PID控制的NB-IoT果蔬农业物联网系统设计。以STM32L475VET6超低功耗芯片为主控芯片,通过NB-IoT和ZigBee双协议融合组网技术和环形缓冲队列算法组建广域无线网络,设计现场监测终端与远程云监控平台,将局域终端节点采集的环境因子信息接入云服务器进行统计与分析。系统根据采集到的数据自动调控反馈控制设备,达到低功耗模式下的广域覆盖监测并智能反馈调控果蔬大棚环境因子的目的,实现感知层、网络层到平台层和应用层一套完整的果蔬大棚物联网系统设计。将模糊PID控制算法应用于温棚环境调节的仿真测试表明,系统平均丢包率为0.088%,空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、二氧化碳浓度等环境因子参数平均相对误差保持在0.5%以内,NB-IoT休眠功耗小于9μA,能实现智能反馈控制并保证系统多节点部署、多参数检测、低功耗工作、广覆盖通信的条件,使系统具有更高的复杂环境适应性和稳定性。

PCR仪器的IGWO-BP神经网络PID控制

聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)仪温度控制存在时滞性、非线性、惯性大、时变等特点,通过传统的PID温度控制效果较差,远不能满足要求,而BP神经网络PID控制通过自适应学习较传统PID控制而言控制能力更强,其在聚合酶链式反应仪温度控制方面的应用基本还是空白,但BP神经网络的初始权重是随机选定的且沿着正方向不断进行调整,易导致多次训练结果不一致。针对这些问题,提出了一种基于改进灰狼算法(improved grey wolf optimal,IGWO)的BP神经网络自调整PID参数的控制方法,利用改进灰狼算法良好的全局搜索能力将其寻找的最优位置作为BP神经网络的初始权值。最后仿真结果表明,该算法很好地满足了PCR仪温度控制的要求,与传统方法相比,在同一升降温速率下,温度控制系统超调量为0.2%,大幅度减小且无稳态误差,对于聚合酶链式反应仪温度调节具有更佳的效果。

智能VAV通风柜PID控制系统的设计

针对传统的通风柜不能对面风速进行精准控制、无法保证实验的安全性等问题,提出了一种智能通风柜控制系统的设计方案,采用变风量控制(VAV)的方法保持通风管道静压恒定,通过PID控制算法自动调节风阀角度,实现通风柜的面风速保持恒定的要求。讨论了通风控制系统的滤波算法,并对PID控制算法进行了数值仿真,最后将仿真数据应用于通风系统的调试中,取得平稳的运行效果。

Efficient VLSI Implementation of the C-MANTEC Conn Algorithm by Using PID Controllers

Through the research on the existing C-MANTEC neural network and PID control technology, this paper presents an improved C-MANTEC algorithm based on PID control system. The combining of the artificial neural networks with conventional PID control helps in exploring their respective advantages to forming the intelligent PID control. From UCI Repository cancer dataset, the developed system is tested. The results show that the scheme can not only improve the speed of the algorithm in the training process but also improve the generalization capability of the network, which further enhances the performance of PID controllers. The overall power consumed is also reduced to a greater extent.

Design of intelligent line-tracking robot based on STM32

本文提出了一种以增强型微控制器STM32F103RBT6为核心的智能巡线机器人,阐述了系统的巡线控制原理、硬件构造,分析了传感器的黑白标定软件设计。该系统采用两个由4个分立元件(MOS管)构成的H桥驱动电路分别驱动左右两个电机,并且通过改变电压极性及脉冲宽度调制波(PWM)来调整机器人的行走方向和速度,并在行走过程中运用传统PID控制进行调节。结果表明,设计方式科学合理,机器人对场地适应性强、成本低、实用性强。

Optimal fuzzy PID controller with adjustable factors based on flexible polyhedron search algorithm

A new kind of optimal fuzzy PID controller is proposed, which contains two parts. One is an on line fuzzy inference system, and the other is a conventional PID controller. In the fuzzy inference system, three adjustable factors x p, x i , and x d are introduced. Their functions are to further modify and optimize the result of the fuzzy inference so as to make the controller have the optimal control effect on a given object. The optimal values of these adjustable factors are determined based on the ITAE criterion and the Nelder and Mead′s flexible polyhedron search algorithm. This optimal fuzzy PID controller has been used to control the executive motor of the intelligent artificial leg designed by the authors. The result of computer simulation indicates that this controller is very effective and can be widely used to control different kinds of objects and processes.

基于非线性模糊逻辑PID的圆盘制曲机控温控湿系统的研究

针对难以建立精确的酱油圆盘制曲机温控数学模型的问题,设计一种基于非线性模糊逻辑运算优化的圆盘制曲机智能PID算法及控温控湿系统。通过料温与风温双闭环反馈PID控制,料温偏差动态修正目标风温,实现料温与风温的平衡,避免环境温度和系统时变不确定因素的影响。试验结果表明,采用智能PID算法提高了圆盘制曲机的控制精度,生产的大曲感官品质及蛋白酶(10.74%~28.85%)、α-淀粉酶(12.83%~21.43%)和葡萄糖淀粉酶(9.79%~15.14%)酶活均得到显著提高。研究对提高圆盘制曲机温控精度具有重要意义。

Action Control of Soccer Robots Based on Simulated Human Intelligence

A multi-modal action control approach is proposed for an autonomous soccer robot when the bottom hardware is unchangeable. Different from existing methods, the proposed control approach defines actions with the principle of ＂perception-planning-action＂ inspired by human intelligence. Character extraction is used to divide the perception input into different modes. Different control modes are built by combining different control methods for the linear velocity and angular velocity. Based on production rules, the motion control is realized by connecting different perceptions to the corresponding control mode. Simulation and real experiments are conducted with the middle-sized robot Frontier-I, and the proposed method is compared with a proportional-integral-derivative （PID） control method to display its feasibility and performance. The results show that the multi-modal action control method can make robots react rapidly in a dynamic environment.