Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architec...Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship.Nowadays,by the virtue of building the self-organized nanostructures with pitch gradient or non-uniform pitch distribution,extensive work has already been performed to obtain CLC films with a broad reflection band.Based on authors＇ many years＇ research experience,this critical review systematically summarizes the physical and optical background of the CLCs with broadband reflection characteristics,methods to obtain broadband reflection of CLCs,as well as the application in the field of intelligent optical modulation materials.Combined with the research status and the advantages in the field,the important basic and applied scientific problems in the research direction are also introduced.展开更多
Piezoionic materials consisting of a polymer matrix and mobile ions can produce an electrical output upon an applied pressure inducing an ion concentration gradient.Distinct from charges generated by the piezoelectric...Piezoionic materials consisting of a polymer matrix and mobile ions can produce an electrical output upon an applied pressure inducing an ion concentration gradient.Distinct from charges generated by the piezoelectric or triboelectric effects,the use of generated mobile ions to carry a signal closely resembles many ionic biological processes.Due to this similarity to biology,the piezoionic effect has great potential to enable seamless integration with biological systems,which accelerates the advancement of medical devices and personalized medicine.In this review,a comprehensive description of the piezoionic mechanism,methods,and applications are presented,with the aim to facilitate a dialogue among relevant scientific communities.First,the piezoionic effect is briefly introduced,then the development of mechanistic understanding over time is surveyed.Next,different types of piezoionic materials are reviewed and methods to enhance the piezoionic output via materials properties,electrode interfaces,and device architectures are detailed.Finally,applications,challenges,and outlooks are provided.With its novel properties,piezoionics is expected to play a key role in the overcoming of grand challenges in the areas of sensing,biointerfaces,and energy harvesting.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51573006,51573003,51203003,51303008,51302006,51402006,51272026,and 51273022)the Major Project of Beijing Science and Technology Program,China(Grant Nos.Z151100003315023 and Z141100003814011)the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation,China(Grant No.142009)
文摘Cholesteric liquid crystals（CLCs） have recently sparked an enormous amount of interest in the development of soft matter materials due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship.Nowadays,by the virtue of building the self-organized nanostructures with pitch gradient or non-uniform pitch distribution,extensive work has already been performed to obtain CLC films with a broad reflection band.Based on authors＇ many years＇ research experience,this critical review systematically summarizes the physical and optical background of the CLCs with broadband reflection characteristics,methods to obtain broadband reflection of CLCs,as well as the application in the field of intelligent optical modulation materials.Combined with the research status and the advantages in the field,the important basic and applied scientific problems in the research direction are also introduced.
基金Hong Kong University Grants Committee,Grant/Award Number:CityU 11213222Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(InnoHK)。
文摘Piezoionic materials consisting of a polymer matrix and mobile ions can produce an electrical output upon an applied pressure inducing an ion concentration gradient.Distinct from charges generated by the piezoelectric or triboelectric effects,the use of generated mobile ions to carry a signal closely resembles many ionic biological processes.Due to this similarity to biology,the piezoionic effect has great potential to enable seamless integration with biological systems,which accelerates the advancement of medical devices and personalized medicine.In this review,a comprehensive description of the piezoionic mechanism,methods,and applications are presented,with the aim to facilitate a dialogue among relevant scientific communities.First,the piezoionic effect is briefly introduced,then the development of mechanistic understanding over time is surveyed.Next,different types of piezoionic materials are reviewed and methods to enhance the piezoionic output via materials properties,electrode interfaces,and device architectures are detailed.Finally,applications,challenges,and outlooks are provided.With its novel properties,piezoionics is expected to play a key role in the overcoming of grand challenges in the areas of sensing,biointerfaces,and energy harvesting.
