Guest Editorial for Special Issue on Human-centered Intelligent Robots:Issues and Challenges

The special issue aims to address a broad spectrum of topics ranging from human-centered intelligent robots acting as a servant,secretary,or companion to intelligent robotic functions.The special issue publishes original papers of innovative ideas and concepts,new discoveries,and novel applications and business models relevant to the field of human-centered intelligent robots.In this special issue,modeling,intelligent control,

The application research progress of intelligent robot in orthopedics

This paper introduces the application of intelligent robot in orthopedic treatment and nursing research progress,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of intelligent robot,the prospect.The aim is to help medical staff understand the basic overview of intelligent robot,and learn cutting-edge knowledge,promote the deep integration of intelligent robot technology and orthopedics field,and provide reference for the future research direction of intelligent robot technology in orthopedics field.

Brain-inspired Intelligent Robotics:Theoretical Analysis and Systematic Application

Traditional joint-link robots have been widely used in production lines because of their high precision for single tasks.With the development of the manufacturing and service industries,the requirement for the comprehensive performance of robotics is growing.Numerous types of bio-inspired robotics have been investigated to realize human-like motion control and manipulation.A study route from inner mechanisms to external structures is proposed to imitate humans and animals better.With this idea,a brain-inspired intelligent robotic system is constructed that contains visual cognition,decision-making,motion control,and musculoskeletal structures.This paper reviews cutting-edge research in brain-inspired visual cognition,decision-making,motion control,and musculoskeletal systems.Two software systems and a corresponding hardware system are established,aiming at the verification and applications of next-generationbrain-inspired musculoskeletal robots.

A versatile humanoid robot platform for dexterous manipulation and human-robot collaboration

Humanoid robots have attracted much attention by virtue of their compatibility with human environments.However,biped humanoids with immense promise still cannot function steadily and reliably in real-world settings in the current state.Hence,rationally combining a humanoid robot with different stable mobile platforms is a favoured solution for diverse scenarios.Here,a new versatile humanoid robot platform,aiming to provide a generic solution that can be flexibly deployed in diverse scenarios,for example,indoors and fields is presented.Versatile humanoid robot platform incorporates multimodal perception,and extensible interfaces on hardware and software,allowing it to be rapidly integrated with different mobile platforms and end-effectors,only through easyto-assemble interfaces.Additionally,the platform has achieved impressive integration,lightness,dexterity,and strength in its class,with human-like size and rich perception,targeted to have human-intelligent manipulation skills for human-engineered environments.Overall,this article elaborates on the reasoning behind the design choices,and outlines each subsystem.Lastly,the essential performance of the platform is successfully demonstrated in a set of experiments with precise and dexterous manipulation,and human–robot collaboration requirements.

Current Researches and Future Development Trend of Intelligent Robot: A Review

With the advancing of industrialization and the advent of the information age, intelligent robots play an increasingly important role in intelligent manufacturing, intelligent transportation system, the Internet of things, medical health and intelligent services. Based on working experiences in and reviews on intelligent robot studies both in China and abroad, the authors summarized researches on key and leading technologies related to human-robot collaboration, driverless technology, emotion recognition, brain-computer interface, bionic software robot and cloud platform, big data network, etc. The development trend of intelligent robot was discussed, and reflections on and suggestions to intelligent robot development in China were proposed. The review is not only meant to overview leading technologies of intelligent robot all over the world, but also provide related theories, methods and technical guidance to the technological and industrial development of intelligent robot in China.

Application and Effect of Intelligent Disinfection Robot in Non-Negative Pressure Isolation Ward of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Designated Hospital

The application of intelligent disinfection robot in designated non-negative pressure isolation ward during the outbreak in novel coronavirus pneumonia. The construction and competition, disinfection mode of intelligent disinfection robot, the setting of disinfection point built on area and number of isolation ward, can be introduced below. Frequency can realize remote control when staff uses a table to give instruction and set disinfection mode, and then the intelligent disinfection robot returns automatically to the charging pile to charge when the instruction is completed. It can also autonomously move to sterilize without human participation, which makes man-machine separation and accurate disinfection come true. The chance of contact infection and exposure is decreased when an intelligent disinfection robot is used to sterilize the environment and object surface in an isolation ward, which can also reduce occupational exposure, achieve occupational protection of medical workers and ensure there is no hospital infection.

A new hybrid method with data‑characteristic‑driven analysis for artificial intelligence and robotics index return forecasting

Forecasting returns for the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Index is of great significance for financial market stability,and the development of the artificial intelligence industry.To provide investors with a more reliable reference in terms of artificial intelligence index investment,this paper selects the NASDAQ CTA Artificial Intelligence and Robotics(AIRO)Index as the research target,and proposes innovative hybrid methods to forecast returns by considering its multiple structural characteristics.Specifically,this paper uses the ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD)method and the modified iterative cumulative sum of squares(ICSS)algorithm to decompose the index returns and identify the structural breakpoints.Furthermore,it combines the least-square support vector machine approach with the particle swarm optimization method(PSO-LSSVM)and the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity(GARCH)type models to construct innovative hybrid forecasting methods.On the one hand,the empirical results indicate that the AIRO index returns have complex structural characteristics,and present time-varying and nonlinear characteristics with high complexity and mutability;on the other hand,the newly proposed hybrid forecasting method(i.e.,the EEMD-PSO-LSSVM-ICSS-GARCH models)which considers these complex structural characteristics,can yield the optimal forecasting performance for the AIRO index returns.

畜禽机器人技术研究进展与未来展望

随着现代畜禽养殖业面临的挑战日益增加,包括提高生产效率、降低成本、确保动物福利以及应对环境变化等,机器人技术的应用成为推动该行业转型的关键。文章综述了畜禽养殖机器人技术的研究进展,涵盖了饲喂机器人、清洁机器人、巡检机器人、挤奶机器人以及其他相关领域的研究现状和技术特点。机器人技术在提升畜禽养殖业自动化和智能化水平中具有重要作用。其中,饲喂机器人通过精准控制饲料投放,提高了饲喂效率和养殖动物健康水平;清洁机器人能有效地管理畜牧环境,提升养殖场卫生条件;巡检机器人通过实时监测环境和动物健康状况,优化了养殖管理;挤奶机器人则实现了奶牛养殖自动化,提高了生产效率。探讨了畜禽养殖机器人技术面临的挑战与机遇,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Six-step reasoning model for robot-soccer

The decision making system of robot soccer is a kind of knowledge system. A Six step Reasoning Model is established by formalizing its expert knowledge and decision making process. Furthermore, many other models can be considered as mutation and evolution of the Six step Reasoning Model.

Interpreting and Extracting Open Knowledge for Human-Robot Interaction

A more natural way for non-expert users to express their tasks in an open-ended set is to use natural language. In this case,a human-centered intelligent agent/robot is required to be able to understand and generate plans for these naturally expressed tasks. For this purpose, it is a good way to enhance intelligent robot's abilities by utilizing open knowledge extracted from the web, instead of hand-coded knowledge. A key challenge of utilizing open knowledge lies in the semantic interpretation of the open knowledge organized in multiple modes, which can be unstructured or semi-structured, before one can use it.Previous approaches used a limited lexicon to employ combinatory categorial grammar(CCG) as the underlying formalism for semantic parsing over sentences. Here, we propose a more effective learning method to interpret semi-structured user instructions. Moreover, we present a new heuristic method to recover missing semantic information from the context of an instruction. Experiments showed that the proposed approach renders significant performance improvement compared to the baseline methods and the recovering method is promising.

Current Situation and Development of Intelligence Robots

Industrial intelligent robots are treated as a measure of na- tional scientific level and technology innovation, and also the important symbol of high-level manufacturing, while service intelligent robots can directly affect people＇ s daily lives. The development of artificial robots in different areas is at- tracting much attention around the world. This article re- views the current situation and development of Chinese and international intelligent robot markets including industrial ro- bots and service robots. The intelligent robot technology and the classification of robots are also discussed. Finally, appli- cations of intelligent robots in various fields are concluded and the development trends and outlook of intelligent robots are explored.

Master-slave robot force telepresence technology

In order to make the manipulators useful, some force feedback is required to enable the operator to sense the robot’s feelings. Without force feedback, many tasks will not be able to be carried out. For these reasons, a master slave system with different kinematics has been developed. The system permits us to vary the ratio of the position/attitude, to design a master manipulator without considering the kinematics of the slave manipulator, and so on. To overcome the difficulties, a master slave manipulator system with different kinematics is proposed. The master manipulator is force controlled via a force torque sensor in the handle. As to master slave manipulator system with two way force feedback is concerned, the force goes to the actuator from the operator, and come back to the operator from the actuator. The working situation is viewed by the stereo TV supervisory system. The force and vision telepresence are thus achieved. In order to ensure the maneuverability, direct drive DC motors and PWM servo units are adopted to improve the response speed. It can provide force response in a wide range. A lot of experiments were performed with the master slave manipulator system force telepresence to study the force response under restricted environment. By two force sensors, the force position bilateral force response system effectively decreases the affection of friction and inertia force, and increases the authenticity of bilateral force response. When the slave manipulator arm is encountered with soft object(sponge), in the experiments, the operator can clearly have the fine feeling as if he himself is contacted with the object.

Mobileman,Construction Agile Goods Delivery Robot

The traditional automated guided vehicle(AGV) on goods delivery faces the challenges when task space expands beyond 2 D plans. 3 D environments such as uneven terrain, ramps, and staircase are typical in construction site. Thus, the key to introducing this technology into construction industry is to improve AGV’s stability and autonomous navigation ability in more complex three-dimensional environments. In this paper, mobileman, a novel tracked autonomous guide vehicle, is introduced. Compared with other construction robots, mobileman maximizes its load capacity on the basis of assuring accessibility. Furthermore, its modular designs and self-balancing platform enable it to cope with more complex challenging scenarios, such as staircase with 35-degree sloped staircase, while another modular design featured automated loading and unloading functionality. The mobile base specifications were presented in section two, and modular designs and exploration of the navigation system on construction site were illustrated in the rest of sections.

Quantum Algorithm of Imperfect KB Self-organization. Pt II: Robotic Control with Remote Knowledge Base Exchange

The technology of knowledge base remote design of the smart fuzzy con­trollers with the application of the"Soft/quantum computing optimizer"toolkit software developed.The possibility of the transmission and commu­nication the knowledge base using remote connection to the control object considered.Transmission and communication of the fuzzy controller’s knowledge bases implemented through the remote connection with the control object in the online mode apply the Bluetooth or WiFi technologies.Remote transmission of knowledge bases allows designing many different built-in intelligent controllers to implement a variety of control strategies under conditions of uncertainty and risk.As examples,two different models of robots described(mobile manipulator and(“cart-pole”system)inverted pendulum).A comparison of the control quality between fuzzy controllers and quantum fuzzy controller in various control modes is presented.The ability to connect and work with a physical model of control object without using than mathematical model demonstrated.The implemented technol­ogy of knowledge base design sharing in a swarm of intelligent robots with quantum controllers.It allows to achieve the goal of control and to gain additional knowledge by creating a new quantum hidden information source based on the synergetic effect of combining knowledge.Develop­ment and implementation of intelligent robust controller’s prototype for the intelligent quantum control system of mega-science project NICA(at the first stage for the cooling system of superconducted magnets)is discussed.The results of the experiments demonstrate the possibility of the ensured achievement of the control goal of a group of robots using soft/quantum computing technologies in the design of knowledge bases of smart fuzzy controllers in quantum intelligent control systems.The developed software toolkit allows to design and setup complex ill-defined and weakly formal­ized technical systems on line.

Human-Tracking Strategies for a Six-legged Rescue Robot Based on Distance and View

Human tracking is an important issue for intelligent robotic control and can be used in many scenarios, such as robotic services and human-robot cooperation. Most of current human-tracking methods are targeted for mobile/tracked robots, but few of them can be used for legged robots. Two novel human-tracking strategies, view priority strategy and distance priority strategy, are proposed specially for legged robots, which enable them to track humans in various complex terrains. View priority strategy focuses on keeping humans in its view angle arrange with priority, while its counterpart, distance priority strategy, focuses on keeping human at a reasonable distance with priority. To evaluate these strategies, two indexes（average and minimum tracking capability） are defined. With the help of these indexes, the view priority strategy shows advantages compared with distance priority strategy. The optimization is done in terms of these indexes, which let the robot has maximum tracking capability. The simulation results show that the robot can track humans with different curves like square, circular, sine and screw paths. Two novel control strategies are proposed which specially concerning legged robot characteristics to solve human tracking problems more efficiently in rescue circumstances.

ON INTELLIGENTIZED TECHNOLOGIES FOR MODERN WELDING MANUFACTURING

A short survey on researching and developing status of intelligenttechnologies in modem welding manufacturing is given. According to the developing trend of advancedmanufacturing technology, a concept on intelligentized welding manufacturing engineering (IWME), ispresented for systematization of researching and developing domains on welding automation,intelligentized welding, robotic and flexible welding and advanced welding manufacturingtechnologies. And key technologies of welding intelligent manufacturing and its developing trend inthe future are investigated.

煤矿智能化关键技术研究与实践

煤矿智能化是煤炭行业实现可持续发展的重要途径,为煤矿企业减人增效、安全生产提供有效保障,大数据、机器人、人工智能等新一代信息技术有力支撑了煤矿智能化建设。首先阐述了智慧矿山的设计思路,提出了智能化建设总体技术体系。然后,分析了通用异构型控制和数据处理平台、矿用巡检机器人技术、人工智能技术、故障诊断技术和智能穿戴等煤矿智能化关键技术的发展现状与趋势,梳理了智能化建设应用过程中存在的关键难题,并针对瓶颈问题提出了解决方法与未来发展趋势。研究基于模块化开发的通用异构型控制和数据处理平台,实现了底层终端的可重构和底层通信协议的统一,解决了数据孤岛问题;研究巡检机器人驱动模块监测、运动控制与精确定位等关键技术,基于多传感器融合技术实现机器人精确定位;研究人工智能技术在煤矿场景应用中缺少典型数据和与场景知识结合的问题,提出小样本学习技术有望推动人工智能技术在煤矿智能化领域的进一步落地应用;研究煤矿设备故障诊断技术,提出构建基于数据和知识混合驱动的设备故障诊断模型将有效解决过度维修和欠维修的问题;智能穿戴技术是解决井下关键岗位作业人员防护问题的关键,提出了由呼吸系统、传感监测系统、人机交互系统、语音显示系统组成的智能穿戴系统设计方案。最后,阐述了内蒙古神东天隆集团霍洛湾煤矿与内蒙古神东天隆集团武家塔露天煤矿智能化建设实践经验与阶段成果,为不同类型煤矿的智能化建设提供参考。

Vision‐audio fusion SLAM in dynamic environments

Moving humans,agents,and subjects bring many challenges to robot self‐localisation and environment perception.To adapt to dynamic environments,SLAM researchers typically apply several deep learning image segmentation models to eliminate these moving obstacles.However,these moving obstacle segmentation methods cost too much computation resource for the onboard processing of mobile robots.In the current industrial environment,mobile robot collaboration scenario,the noise of mobile robots could be easily found by on‐board audio‐sensing processors and the direction of sound sources can be effectively acquired by sound source estimation algorithms,but the distance estimation of sound sources is difficult.However,in the field of visual perception,the 3D structure information of the scene is relatively easy to obtain,but the recognition and segmentation of moving objects is more difficult.To address these problems,a novel vision‐audio fusion method that combines sound source localisation methods with a visual SLAM scheme is proposed,thereby eliminating the effect of dynamic obstacles on multi‐agent systems.Several heterogeneous robots experiments in different dynamic scenes indicate very stable self‐localisation and environment reconstruction performance of our method.

国内外设施蔬菜机械化发展现状分析及对策

随着我国设施蔬菜产业的不断发展以及人们对设施蔬菜的需求日益增加,实现机械化、智能化作业生产成为了设施蔬菜产业现代化进程中的必要环节。虽然我国设施蔬菜面积、产量以及产值不断扩大,但与欧美等设施农业发达国家仍有很大的差距。为提高设施我国设施产业机械化水平,研制可靠的机械作业装备,综述分析美国、日本、荷兰等国家现代化设施蔬菜作业机械的研究现状和发展动态,总结归纳我国设施蔬菜作业机械的类型以及优缺点,指出我国设施蔬菜生产过程中存在机械化、自动化程度不高、机具适应性差、农业机器人应用相对落后等问题。结合我国国情提出要加强研发智能化、信息化设施农业装备,推进新材料及农业机器人新技术的应用等提升设施蔬菜机械化水平的对策,为我国设施蔬菜机械化的发展指明方向和提供参考。

口腔种植决策的“类脑智能化”

现阶段的种植手术机器人已基本实现“手术操作智能”,然而,机器人种植决策的“类脑智能”仍处于理论及探索阶段。临床种植方案制定取决于种植时机、种植区域、骨量条件、种植术式、患者全身因素等,其制定过程需要评估相应临床决策指标及执行不同临床路径。本文回顾了人脑的认知行为及信息处理机制,在临床循证医学的思想及大数据、深度学习的潜力启发下,结合临床决策指标及临床路径可定量或定性分析的数据特点,提出了基于决策指标智能化预测及临床路径智能化执行的种植手术机器人种植决策类脑智能化可行方案,即“挖掘决策指标,厘清临床路径——构建决策指标大数据库——深度学习智能预测决策指标——临床路径智能执行——种植决策类脑智能化”,并结合本团队前期研究成果,以即刻种植时机决策为例,述评其类脑智能化过程,为后续种植决策全面“类脑智能化”研究提供范本。未来,挖掘并评价更多临床决策因素,并不断总结完善种植临床路径,同时采取最佳的智能化方式实现循证指标及路径的智能化预测,最终实现种植临床诊疗过程智能化,将是口腔临床医师们需要思考及努力的方向之一。