Intensified reactive extraction of 4-hydroxypyridine with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in 1-octanol by using tributyl phosphate

The efficient separation of amphoteric organic compounds from dilute solutions is of great importance in the industrial field. In the present work, the reactive extractions of 4-hydroxypyridine(4-HP) with tributyl phosphate(TBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) and TBP + D2EHPA dissolved in 1-octanol were investigated, respectively. The influences of the initial concentrations of TBP, D2EHPA and TBP + D2EHPA on distribution ratio(D) were discussed, as well as the reactive extraction mechanism were proposed. The obvious intensification effect was observed when the mixture of TBP and D2EHPA was used as extractant. The best extraction conditions were found to be of the molar ratio of D2EHPA and TBP at 2:1 and the equilibrium aqueous pH at 3.50-4.50. D values increased with the increase of the total concentration of TBP and D2EHPA in 1-octanol. Especially, the analysis on the extraction mechanisms clearly indicate(i) TBP in 1-octanol shows negligible reactive extraction toward 4-HP,(ii) D2EHPA in 1-octanol exhibits moderate extraction effect by forming 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) and 4-HP:2D2EHPA(1:2) type complexes, while(iii) D2EHPA in TBP/1-octanol demonstrates the maximum distribution ratio with the 4-HP:D2EHPA(1:1) type complex domination. The discussion provides new insights on the mechanism and opens a new way for the intensified extraction of amphoteric organic compounds by using the mixture of multiple extractants in the diluent.

基于CMOS-APS的图像采集系统研究

文章提出基于CMOS-APS的图像采集系统的整体方案，实现了图像的采集与处理。系统主要由图像传感器模块、图像缓存模块、SCCB总线模块以及RS-232接口等部分组成。在整个系统中，SCCB总线作为控制CMOS图像传感器工作方式的唯一途径，是系统实现的关键。

Neoadjuvant-intensified treatment for rectal cancer:Time to change?

AIM:To investigate whether neoadjuvant-intensified radiochemotherapy improved overall and disease-free survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.METHODS:Between January 2007 and December 2011,80 patients with histologically confirmed rectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled.Tumors were clinically classified as either T3 or T4 and by the N stage based on the presence or absence of positive regional lymph nodes.Patients received intensified combined modality treatment,consisting of neoadjuvant radiation therapy(50.4-54.0 Gy) and infusional chemotherapy(oxaliplatin 50 mg/m 2) on the first day of each week,plus five daily continuous infusions of fluorouracil(200 mg/m 2 per die) from the first day of radiation therapy until radiotherapy completion.Patients received five or six cycles of oxaliplatin based on performance status,clinical lymph node involvement,and potential risk of a non-sphincter-conserving surgical procedure.Surgery was planned 7 to 9 wk after the end of radiochemotherapy treatment;adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was left to the oncologist's discretion and was recommended in patients with positive lymph nodes.After treatment,all patients were monitored every three months for the first year and every six months for the subsequent years.RESULTS:Of the 80 patients enrolled,75 patients completed the programmed neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy treatment.All patients received the radiotherapy prescribed total dose;five patients suspended chemotherapy indefinitely because of chemotherapyrelated toxicity.At least five cycles of oxaliplatin were administered to 73 patients.Treatment was well tolerated with high compliance and a good level of toxicity.Most of the acute toxic effects observed were classified as grades 1-2.Proctitis grade 2 was the most common symptom(63.75%) and the earliest manifestation of acute toxicity.Acute toxicity grades 3-4 was reported in 30% of patients and grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea reported in just three patients(3.75%).Seventy-seven patients underwent surgery;low anterior resection was performed in 52 patients,Miles' surgery in 11 patients and total mesorectal excision in nine patients.Fifty patients showed tumor downsizing ≥ 50% pathological downstaging in 88.00% of tumors.Out of 75 patients surviving surgery,67 patients(89.33%) had some form of downstaging after preoperative treatment.A pathological complete response was achieved in 23.75% of patients and a nearly pathologic complete response(stage ypT1ypN0) in six patients.An involvement of the radial margin was never present.During surgery,intra-abdominal metastases were found in only one patient(1.25%).Initially,45 patients required an abdominoperineal resection due to a tumor distal margin ≤ 5 cm from the anal verge.Of these patients,only seven of them underwent Miles' surgery and sphincter preservation was guaranteed in 84.50% of patients in this subgroup.Fourteen patients received postoperative chemotherapy.In the full analysis of enrolled cohort,eight of the 80 patients died,with seven deaths related to rectal cancer and one to unrelated causes.Local recurrences were observed in seven patients(8.75%) and distant metastases in 17 cases(21.25%).The fiveyear rate of overall survival rate was 90.91%.Using a median follow-up time of 28.5 mo,the cumulative incidence of local recurrences was 8.75%,and the overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 90.00% and 70.00%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The results of this study suggest oxaliplatin chemotherapy has a beneficial effect on overall survival,likely due to an increase in local tumor control.

Removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by biologically intensified process

The removal of disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPFP) in artificially intensified biological activated carbon(IBAC) process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon was evaluated. By IBAC removals of 31% and 68% for THMFP and HAAFP were obtained respectively. Under identical conditions, the removals of the same substances were 4% and 32% respectively only by the granular activated carbon(GAC) process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. A clear linear correlation(R 2=0.9562 and R 2=0.9007) between DOC HAAFP removal rate and Empty Bed Contact Time(EBCT) of IBAC process was observed, while that between THMFP removal rate and EBCT of GAC was R 2=0.9782. In addition certain linear correlations between THMFP, HAAFP and UV 254 (R 2=0.855 and R 2=0.7702) were found for the treated water. For IBAC process there are also more advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonging activated carbon lifetime and so on.

Advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater by intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) combined with anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF)

Experiments were conducted to investigate the behavior of the sequential system of intensified zero-valent iron process(IZVI) and anaerobic filter and biological aerated filter(AF/BAF) reactors for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater. Particular attention was paid to the performance of the integrated system for the removal of chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N) and total nitrogen(TN). The average removal efficiencies of COD, NH3-N and TN were 76.28%, 96.76% and 59.97%, with the average effluent mass concentrations of 56, 0.53 and 18.83 mg/L, respectively, reaching the first grade of the national discharge standard. Moreover, the results of gas chromatography/mass spectrum(GC/MS) and gel permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis demonstrated that the refractory organic compounds with high relative molecular mass were partly removed in IZVI process by the function of oxidation-reduction, flocculation and adsorption which could also enhance the biodegradability of the system effluent. The removal efficiencies of NH3-N and TN were achieved mainly in the subsequent AF/BAF reactors by nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the results obtained show that the application of IZVI in combination with AF/BAF is a promising technology for advanced treatment of biologically pretreated coking wastewater.

Intensified alkaline leaching pretreatment of refractory gold concentrates at common temperature and pressure

A new process for the hydrometallurgy of refractory gold concentrates was presented. The process comprises grinding leaching, intensified alkaline leaching (IAL), cyanidation and adsorption. In a stirring type pulverizing leaching tower mill, the concentrate is ground to <35.6 μm of 95.5 % while simultaneously leached by NaOH of 12 kg/t, then carried out intensified alkaline leaching for 48 h by NaOH of 108 kg/t in enhanced agitation tanks with the pulp concentration of 40% solids at the environmental temperature of 9.5 ～ 13.5 ℃ and the environmental pressure of 10 5 Pa. The oxidation rate of As is 94.9%, and 47.6% for S. The total consumption of NaOH is only 20% of that theoretically calculated under the conditions of full oxidation at the same oxidation rates of arsenic to arsenate and sulfur to sulfate. The gold leaching rate by NaCN in 24 h is increased from 9.2% before pretreatment to 94.2%. The consumption of NaCN is 7.5 kg/t, which is one times less than that before pretreatment. The extraction cost of gold is about 422 Yuan/t.

Intensified CCD Image Sensor

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VoIP Market Intensified,the Government Control Still Won't Be Unlocked In the Near Future

The traditional telecommunications operator of China has entered into a substantive network construction stage of NGN and new VoIP service in 2006. As the increasing understanding and the consideration of cost to VoIP, VoIP has become more acceptable for CIO of large-scale enterprises. Small and medium-scale enterprises are sensitive to communication cost, but influenced by the maturity of VoIP technology and reduction of VoIP equipment price, the market is intensified. All these drive the VoIP equipment entering into the actual purchase stage and promote the stable growth of VoIP equipment scale.

Gas Absorption and Mass Transfer in a Pore-Array Intensified Tube-in-Tube Microchannel

A pore-array intensified tube-in-tube microchannel(PA-TMC),which is characterized by high throughput and low pressure drop,was developed as a gas–liquid contactor.The sulfite oxidation method was used to determine the oxygen efficiency(φ)and volumetric mass transfer coefficient(k_(L)a)of PA-TMC,and the mass transfer amount per unit energy(ε)was calculated by using the pressure drop.The effects of structural and operating parameters were investigated systematically,and the twophase flow behavior was monitored by using a charge-coupled device imaging system.The results indicated that the gas absorption efficiency and mass transfer performance of the PA-TMC were improved with increasing pore number,flow rate,and number of helical coil turns and decreasing pore size,row number,annular size,annular length,and surface tension.Theφ,εand k La of PA-TMC could reach 31.3%,1.73×10^(-4) mol/J,and 7.0 s-1,respectively.The Sherwood number was correlated with the investigated parameters to guide the design of PA-TMC in gas absorption and mass transfer processes.

The Advancement in Intensified Smelting Technology of Baosteel Blast Furnace

Baosteel always aims at becoming one of the most profitable enterprises in the world, enjoying international competence, benchmarking with the world advanced level,pursuing innovation sustainable development. Recent years, Baosteel Iron-making Department has caught the opportunity of increasing steel demand; conquering disadvantages such as changeable up-stream market, fuel and raw material’s tight supplies and lower quality, etc. In our department, Major technical problems have been overcome, blast furnace intensified smelting technology improved, the cost of molten iron under control, blast furnace long-life span control technology made breakthrough, and Baosteel’s ironmaking capacity improved further.

用于X射线像增强器便携成像的观瞄目镜设计研究

结合X射线像增强器便携成像这一特殊需求,分析了针对该类观瞄目镜开展人体工程学设计的必要性。从像增强器器件的层面,给出了该类观瞄目镜的系统设计约束与要求。在此基础上,给出了一个该类观瞄目镜的具体设计示例,分析了该类光学系统的具体优化设计方法,并分别从厚度、曲率半径、圆锥系数3个维度开展了具体的系统优化设计。最终,基于光学传递函数评价方法,逐步地对比分析了优化设计与系统性能提升之间的内在联系与对应关系。

非氰浸金剂的研究进展与展望

随着国家对企业绿色生产要求的提高,传统氰化法浸金工艺的劣势愈加明显,无法满足当前的环保要求。在浸金领域,亟需寻找一种能替代氰化物的非氰浸金剂。本文对非氰浸金剂进行了分类总结,更新了传统浸金剂(含硫浸金剂、卤化物浸金剂、微生物、氨基酸等)的研究与应用进展;综述了目前热度较高的新型环保合成浸金剂的合成方法与研究现状;除单一成分的浸金剂外,本文还对多种不同浸金剂组成的共强化体系进行了系统总结,为非氰浸金剂领域的学者提供了重要的参考。

磁链分区的磁场增强型永磁电机全速域模型预测直接转矩控制

磁场增强型内置式永磁(flux intensifying interior permanent magnet,FI-IPM)电机的反凸极(L_(q)<L_(d))特性,使得正向d轴电流增强磁场,提高输出转矩的同时,也使得弱磁升速时d轴电流正负交替变化,电流角度变化大,磁链波动大,进而造成转矩脉动大、电流畸变振荡、响应速度慢等问题。针对这些问题,该文提出一种基于磁链分区的磁场增强型内置式永磁电机全速域模型预测直接转矩控制控制策略。根据FI-IPM电机速度运行区域与磁链状态映射关系,构建磁链和转矩预测模型。在此基础上,提出磁链分区控制,引入磁链差值判断增磁和弱磁运行区,并进行磁链补偿,解决不同速度运行域之间切换的震荡和不稳定问题。最后,通过实验验证所提出控制策略的有效性,为该类电机在电驱动系统中的应用提供技术方案。

基于改进支持向量回归的空战飞行动作识别

针对空战中飞机的飞行动作愈发复杂导致识别准确率低的问题,提出了改进支持向量回归的空战飞行动作识别方法,该方法采用高斯核函数作为线性核函数,利用混沌初始化和反向学习策略改进麻雀搜索算法,利用改进后的麻雀算法优化支持向量回归算法,具体表现为对支持向量回归算法中高斯核函数的参数进行优化,通过优化后的支持向量回归算法进行飞机动作识别。采用了五种基本的飞行动作和几种复杂的飞行动作验证该方法的识别准确率。仿真表明,优化后的支持向量回归算法与传统的支持向量回归算法、模糊支持向量机算法、传统聚类算法、神经网络算法相比,对基本飞行动作的平均识别率至少提升了2.2%,对复杂飞行动作的平均识别率至少提升了3.7%。

直耦增强型CMOS相机技术研究

直耦增强型CMOS(intensified complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor,ICMOS)相机通过将像增强器输出窗与CMOS直接耦合而成,具备灵敏度高、响应速度快、光谱范围可调等特点。本文根据ICMOS的组成结构,分析了阴极、微通道板、荧光屏、CMOS等各组成部件对直耦ICMOS成像性能的影响,提出ICMOS用像增强器、CMOS成像器件的选型依据,并结合公司对像增强器的加工优势,基于18 mm NVT-7像增强器和1英寸CMOS开展了实际微光成像验证。结果表明,采用直耦方式的ICMOS相机能够在5×10^(-4)lx条件下清晰成像,分辨力达到16 lp/mm。此外,用于ICMOS耦合的像增强器增益不宜过高,4000 cd/(m^(2)·lx)比较适宜,另外,在增益适宜的条件下,荧光屏输出亮度对其性能影响不大。

微光像增强器光晕消失时间测试方法

光晕(halo)效应对微光像增强器探测的应用造成了不利影响且不可避免。微光像增强器的光晕消失时间缺乏测试方法,因此提出了基于数字目视的光晕消失时间测试系统。该系统通过开关电源给LED光源提供频率为25 Hz、占空比可调的脉冲信号,利用高帧率相机连续采集1500张像增强器经直径为3.5 mm小孔后的图像,其中包含若干个完整的明暗周期。通过重复计算标准差,去除偏离平均值的周期序列来优化周期信息,获得亮暗周期内光源熄灭的图片索引,同理可获得光晕消失的图片数量,从而计算得到光晕消失时间。编号为GZ318118A的像增强器光晕消失时间为3.33 ms。测试结果表明,测量装置的重复性为0.863%,可以对光晕消失时间进行有效测试。

铝基复合材料制备方法及成型工艺的最新进展

介绍了铝基复合材料当前的发展状况,总结了铝基复合材料的多种制备方法。增强相不同,铝基复合材料的制备方法也不同。铝基复合材料的增强相按照其不同的形貌特征主要分为颗粒增强相、纤维增强相、片状增强相。首先介绍了铝基复合材料的典型制备方法,之后以三种增强相为中心,对其成型工艺进行了说明,列举了不同方法当前的研究进度,最后总结了各种方法在目前研究中存在的问题,并对不同增强相的铝基复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。

某高硫难选铜钼矿浮选工艺优化及工业应用研究

某铜钼矿原矿铜品位0.45%,钼品位0.015%,硫品位2.47%,含金0.12 g/t,是典型的斑岩型铜钼矿。因长期暴露而氧化率逐渐升高,导致目的矿物可浮性变差。原有药剂制度及工艺条件对其适应性较差,生产指标不理想。针对该难选矿石开展了实验室工艺优化试验研究,制定了"铜钼快速浮选-铜硫混合浮选再分离"的工艺流程,工业试验结果相比优化前铜回收率提高了0.60个百分点,钼回收率提高了5.33个百分点。

Chronology of 50 Years of China-Malaysia Diplomatic Relations

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Malaysia.Over the past half century,China and Malaysia have maintained close economic and trade ties and intensified people-to-people exchanges.China and Malaysia are important trade partners and enjoy complementary economic advantages.