The objective of the present study is to define two important aspects of the computer operating system concerning the number of its vulnerabilities behavior. We identify the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF), and...The objective of the present study is to define two important aspects of the computer operating system concerning the number of its vulnerabilities behavior. We identify the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF), and the Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a computer operating network. Both of these functions, VIF and VII are entities of the stochastic process that we have identified, which characterizes the probabilistic behavior of the number of vulnerabilities of a computer operating network. The VIF identifies the rate at which the number of vulnerabilities changes with respect to time. The VII is an important index indicator that conveys the following information about the number of vulnerabilities of Desktop Operating Systems: the numbers are increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same at a particular time of interest. This decision type of index indicator is crucial in every strategic planning and decision-making. The proposed VIF and VII illustrate their importance by using real data for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 10, 8, 7, and Apple MacOS. The results of the actual data attest to the importance of VIF and VII in the cybersecurity problem we are currently facing.展开更多
Using the linear approximation method, we have studied how the correlation function C(t) of the laser intensity changes with time in the loss-noise model of the single-mode laser driven by the colored pump noise wit...Using the linear approximation method, we have studied how the correlation function C(t) of the laser intensity changes with time in the loss-noise model of the single-mode laser driven by the colored pump noise with signal modulation and the quantum noise with cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts. We have found that when the pump noise self-correlation time T changes, (i) in the case of r 〈〈 1, the C(t) vs. t curve experiences a changing process from the monotonous descending to monotonous rise, and finally to the appearance of a maximum; (ii) in the case of r 〉〉 1, the curve only exhibits periodically surging with descending envelope. When r 〈〈 i and T does not change, with the increase of the pump noise intensity P, the curve experiences a repeated changing process, that is, from the monotonous descending to the appearance of a maximum, then to monotonous rise, and finally to the appearance of a maximum again. With the increase of the quantum noise intensity O,, the curve experiences a changing process from the monotonous rise to the appearance of a maximum, and finally to the monotonous descending. The increase of the quantum noise with cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts will lead to the fall of the whole curve, but not affect the form of the time evolution of C(t).展开更多
By using the linear approximation method, the intensity correlation function is calculated for a single-mode laser modulated by a bias signal and driven by colored pump and quantum noises with colored cross-correlatio...By using the linear approximation method, the intensity correlation function is calculated for a single-mode laser modulated by a bias signal and driven by colored pump and quantum noises with colored cross-correlation. We found that, when the correlation time between the two noises is very short, the behavior of the intensity correlation function versus the time, in addition to decreasing monotonously, also exhibits several cases, such as one maximum, one minimum, and two extrema. When the correlation time between the two noises is very long, the behavior of the intensity correlation function exhibits oscillation and the envelope is similar to the case of short cross-correlation time.展开更多
After the time history of seismic motion is represented by superposition of a series of narrow frequency band wave groups, we obtain a general relation between wave group arrival time and derivative of phase spectra i...After the time history of seismic motion is represented by superposition of a series of narrow frequency band wave groups, we obtain a general relation between wave group arrival time and derivative of phase spectra in the paper. On the basis of the relation, frequency number distribution function of wave group arrival time is completely equivalent to that of phase difference spectra. Under the assumption that phase angles of seismic motionobey uniform distribution ranged from 0 to ─ 2π, a quantitative relation between intensity envelope function of seismic motion and energy distribution function with wave group arrival time has been derived in this paper. The relation illuminates inner links among Fourier amplitude spectra and derivative of phase spectra and intensity envelope function. Some examples given by the paper support the conclusions mentioned above.展开更多
The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage toleranc...The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage tolerance analysis of these structures. In this paper, weight function is derived for a two dimensional through cracks at elliptical holes by applying a compounding method. Stress intensity factor formulas for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes are obtained wing the three dimensional weight function method. Stress intensity factors for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes under remote tension are computed. At the same time, research on how radius of curvature for elliptical holes affect stress intensity factors was conducted. Stress intensity factors decrease when radius of curvature increases. Some results and conclusions which are of practical value are given.展开更多
Dynamic stress intensity factors are evaluated for thick-walled cylinder with a radial edge crack under internal impulsive pressure. Firstly, the equation for stress intensity factors under static uniform pressure is ...Dynamic stress intensity factors are evaluated for thick-walled cylinder with a radial edge crack under internal impulsive pressure. Firstly, the equation for stress intensity factors under static uniform pressure is used as the reference case, and then the weight function for a thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack can be worked out. Secondly, the dynamic stresses in uncracked thick-walled cylinders are solved under internal impulsive pressure by using mode shape function method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary condi- tions, and the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in thick-walled cylinders are derived in terms of Fourier-Bessel series. Finally, the dynamic stress intensity factor equations for thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack sub- jected to internal impulsive pressure are given by dynamic weight function method. The finite element method is utilized to verify the results of numerical examples, showing the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
We present the joint probability density function(PDF) between the bucket signals and reference signals in thermal light ghost imaging, by regarding these signals as stochastic variables. The joint PDF allows us to ex...We present the joint probability density function(PDF) between the bucket signals and reference signals in thermal light ghost imaging, by regarding these signals as stochastic variables. The joint PDF allows us to examine the fractional-order moments of the bucket and the reference signals, in which the correlation orders are fractional numbers,other than positive integers in previous studies. The experimental results show that various images can be reconstructed from fractional-order moments. Negative(positive) ghost images are obtained with negative(positive) orders of the bucket signals. The visibility and peak signal-to-noise ratios of the diverse ghost images depend greatly on the fractional orders.展开更多
Using the complex variable function method and the technique of the conformal mapping, the fracture problem of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-pla...Using the complex variable function method and the technique of the conformal mapping, the fracture problem of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load. The analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are presented under the assumption that the surface of the crack is electrically impermeable. When the height of the strip tends to infinity, the analytic solutions of an infinitely large piezoelectric solid with a semi-infinite crack are obtained. Moreover, the present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of the electric loading. In addition, numerical examples are given to show the influences of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate.展开更多
The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges ...The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave (SH-wave). An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green's function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.展开更多
We study the photon statistics of pulse-pumped four-wave mixing in fibers with weak coherent signal injection by measuring the intensity correlation functions of individual signal and idler fields. The experimental re...We study the photon statistics of pulse-pumped four-wave mixing in fibers with weak coherent signal injection by measuring the intensity correlation functions of individual signal and idler fields. The experimental results show that the intensity correlation function of individual signal(idler) field g_(s(i))^(2) decreases with the intensity of signal injection. After applying narrow band filter in signal(idler) band, the value of g_(s(i))^(2) decreases from 1.9 ± 0.02(1.9 ± 0.02) to 1.03 ± 0.02(1.05 ± 0.02) when the intensity of signal injection varies from 0 to 120 photons/pulse. The results indicate that the photon statistics changes from Bose–Einstein distribution to Poisson distribution. We calculate the intensity correlation functions by using the multi-mode theory of four-wave mixing in fibers. The theoretical curves well fit the experimental results.Our investigation will be useful for mitigating the crosstalk between quantum and classical channels in a dense wavelength division multiplexing network.展开更多
Knowledge innovation is a key component of urban innovation function and an important basis for modern urban development. Combining the multidisciplinary research of knowledge innovation, this paper constructs a measu...Knowledge innovation is a key component of urban innovation function and an important basis for modern urban development. Combining the multidisciplinary research of knowledge innovation, this paper constructs a measurement framework of urban knowledge innovation function from the perspective of urban geography and analyzes its spatial pattern and influencing factors. The conclusions are as follows:(1) The function of urban knowledge innovation refers to the tasks and roles it undertakes in the process of knowledge creation, knowledge dissemination and knowledge application, which is based on the internal knowledge stock and external practice conditions to meet the needs of human survival and development in the new era. The measurement dimensions include functional scale, functional intensity, functional scale, and functional vitality.(2) The development level of knowledge innovation functions in Chinese cities is uneven, and the cities with outstanding knowledge innovation functions are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and a few developed areas in the central and western regions, forming the diamond-shaped knowledge innovation structure with the Beijing-Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Shaanxi-Chengdu-Chongqing as the four vertices and central Wuhan and Hefei as the center. According to the Jenks natural breakpoint method, it is divided into national-level, regional-level, local-level and knowledge-innovative development cities.(3) The spatial differentiation characteristics of urban knowledge innovation function are simultaneously affected by various natural and human factors. Among them, economic environment, opening environment, and cultural environment have the strongest interactive explanatory power with other factors, and are the dominant factors affecting the city’s knowledge innovation function. In the future, China should fully considers the status and characteristics of the city’s own knowledge economy development with corresponding policies and measures suitable for the development of the city’s knowledge economy, and strengthen the dominant position of human and social factors in the constructing the city’s knowledge innovation function.展开更多
In this paper,a kind of stochastic differential equation is investigated and the almost sure exponential stability of the equation is obtained using Gronwall’s inequality.Further,we also give other noise intensity fu...In this paper,a kind of stochastic differential equation is investigated and the almost sure exponential stability of the equation is obtained using Gronwall’s inequality.Further,we also give other noise intensity function to keep the stability of the system.展开更多
文摘The objective of the present study is to define two important aspects of the computer operating system concerning the number of its vulnerabilities behavior. We identify the Vulnerability Intensity Function (VIF), and the Vulnerability Index Indicator (VII) of a computer operating network. Both of these functions, VIF and VII are entities of the stochastic process that we have identified, which characterizes the probabilistic behavior of the number of vulnerabilities of a computer operating network. The VIF identifies the rate at which the number of vulnerabilities changes with respect to time. The VII is an important index indicator that conveys the following information about the number of vulnerabilities of Desktop Operating Systems: the numbers are increasing, decreasing, or remaining the same at a particular time of interest. This decision type of index indicator is crucial in every strategic planning and decision-making. The proposed VIF and VII illustrate their importance by using real data for Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 10, 8, 7, and Apple MacOS. The results of the actual data attest to the importance of VIF and VII in the cybersecurity problem we are currently facing.
文摘Using the linear approximation method, we have studied how the correlation function C(t) of the laser intensity changes with time in the loss-noise model of the single-mode laser driven by the colored pump noise with signal modulation and the quantum noise with cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts. We have found that when the pump noise self-correlation time T changes, (i) in the case of r 〈〈 1, the C(t) vs. t curve experiences a changing process from the monotonous descending to monotonous rise, and finally to the appearance of a maximum; (ii) in the case of r 〉〉 1, the curve only exhibits periodically surging with descending envelope. When r 〈〈 i and T does not change, with the increase of the pump noise intensity P, the curve experiences a repeated changing process, that is, from the monotonous descending to the appearance of a maximum, then to monotonous rise, and finally to the appearance of a maximum again. With the increase of the quantum noise intensity O,, the curve experiences a changing process from the monotonous rise to the appearance of a maximum, and finally to the monotonous descending. The increase of the quantum noise with cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts will lead to the fall of the whole curve, but not affect the form of the time evolution of C(t).
文摘By using the linear approximation method, the intensity correlation function is calculated for a single-mode laser modulated by a bias signal and driven by colored pump and quantum noises with colored cross-correlation. We found that, when the correlation time between the two noises is very short, the behavior of the intensity correlation function versus the time, in addition to decreasing monotonously, also exhibits several cases, such as one maximum, one minimum, and two extrema. When the correlation time between the two noises is very long, the behavior of the intensity correlation function exhibits oscillation and the envelope is similar to the case of short cross-correlation time.
文摘After the time history of seismic motion is represented by superposition of a series of narrow frequency band wave groups, we obtain a general relation between wave group arrival time and derivative of phase spectra in the paper. On the basis of the relation, frequency number distribution function of wave group arrival time is completely equivalent to that of phase difference spectra. Under the assumption that phase angles of seismic motionobey uniform distribution ranged from 0 to ─ 2π, a quantitative relation between intensity envelope function of seismic motion and energy distribution function with wave group arrival time has been derived in this paper. The relation illuminates inner links among Fourier amplitude spectra and derivative of phase spectra and intensity envelope function. Some examples given by the paper support the conclusions mentioned above.
文摘The hatches for inspecting are usually designed with elliptical holes in airplane structures, so computation of the stress intensity factor of three dimensional crack at elliptical holes is pivotal for damage tolerance analysis of these structures. In this paper, weight function is derived for a two dimensional through cracks at elliptical holes by applying a compounding method. Stress intensity factor formulas for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes are obtained wing the three dimensional weight function method. Stress intensity factors for an internal surface semi-elliptical crack in elliptical holes under remote tension are computed. At the same time, research on how radius of curvature for elliptical holes affect stress intensity factors was conducted. Stress intensity factors decrease when radius of curvature increases. Some results and conclusions which are of practical value are given.
基金supported by the China Aviation Industry Corporation I Program (ATPD-1104-02).
文摘Dynamic stress intensity factors are evaluated for thick-walled cylinder with a radial edge crack under internal impulsive pressure. Firstly, the equation for stress intensity factors under static uniform pressure is used as the reference case, and then the weight function for a thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack can be worked out. Secondly, the dynamic stresses in uncracked thick-walled cylinders are solved under internal impulsive pressure by using mode shape function method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary condi- tions, and the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in thick-walled cylinders are derived in terms of Fourier-Bessel series. Finally, the dynamic stress intensity factor equations for thick-walled cylinder containing a radial edge crack sub- jected to internal impulsive pressure are given by dynamic weight function method. The finite element method is utilized to verify the results of numerical examples, showing the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674273,11304016,and 11204062)
文摘We present the joint probability density function(PDF) between the bucket signals and reference signals in thermal light ghost imaging, by regarding these signals as stochastic variables. The joint PDF allows us to examine the fractional-order moments of the bucket and the reference signals, in which the correlation orders are fractional numbers,other than positive integers in previous studies. The experimental results show that various images can be reconstructed from fractional-order moments. Negative(positive) ghost images are obtained with negative(positive) orders of the bucket signals. The visibility and peak signal-to-noise ratios of the diverse ghost images depend greatly on the fractional orders.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10932001 and 11072015)the Scientific Research Key Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (No.KZ201010005003)the Ph.D.Innovation Foundation of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(No.300351)
文摘Using the complex variable function method and the technique of the conformal mapping, the fracture problem of a semi-infinite crack in a piezoelectric strip is studied under the anti-plane shear stress and the in-plane electric load. The analytic solutions of the field intensity factors and the mechanical strain energy release rate are presented under the assumption that the surface of the crack is electrically impermeable. When the height of the strip tends to infinity, the analytic solutions of an infinitely large piezoelectric solid with a semi-infinite crack are obtained. Moreover, the present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions for a purely elastic material in the absence of the electric loading. In addition, numerical examples are given to show the influences of the loaded crack length, the height of the strip, and the applied mechanical/electric loads on the mechanical strain energy release rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51108113)
文摘The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave (SH-wave). An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green's function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11527808)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant No.2014CB340103)+3 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20120032110055)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.14JCQNJC02300)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,Chinathe Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China(Grant No.B07014)
文摘We study the photon statistics of pulse-pumped four-wave mixing in fibers with weak coherent signal injection by measuring the intensity correlation functions of individual signal and idler fields. The experimental results show that the intensity correlation function of individual signal(idler) field g_(s(i))^(2) decreases with the intensity of signal injection. After applying narrow band filter in signal(idler) band, the value of g_(s(i))^(2) decreases from 1.9 ± 0.02(1.9 ± 0.02) to 1.03 ± 0.02(1.05 ± 0.02) when the intensity of signal injection varies from 0 to 120 photons/pulse. The results indicate that the photon statistics changes from Bose–Einstein distribution to Poisson distribution. We calculate the intensity correlation functions by using the multi-mode theory of four-wave mixing in fibers. The theoretical curves well fit the experimental results.Our investigation will be useful for mitigating the crosstalk between quantum and classical channels in a dense wavelength division multiplexing network.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971201。
文摘Knowledge innovation is a key component of urban innovation function and an important basis for modern urban development. Combining the multidisciplinary research of knowledge innovation, this paper constructs a measurement framework of urban knowledge innovation function from the perspective of urban geography and analyzes its spatial pattern and influencing factors. The conclusions are as follows:(1) The function of urban knowledge innovation refers to the tasks and roles it undertakes in the process of knowledge creation, knowledge dissemination and knowledge application, which is based on the internal knowledge stock and external practice conditions to meet the needs of human survival and development in the new era. The measurement dimensions include functional scale, functional intensity, functional scale, and functional vitality.(2) The development level of knowledge innovation functions in Chinese cities is uneven, and the cities with outstanding knowledge innovation functions are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas and a few developed areas in the central and western regions, forming the diamond-shaped knowledge innovation structure with the Beijing-Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Shaanxi-Chengdu-Chongqing as the four vertices and central Wuhan and Hefei as the center. According to the Jenks natural breakpoint method, it is divided into national-level, regional-level, local-level and knowledge-innovative development cities.(3) The spatial differentiation characteristics of urban knowledge innovation function are simultaneously affected by various natural and human factors. Among them, economic environment, opening environment, and cultural environment have the strongest interactive explanatory power with other factors, and are the dominant factors affecting the city’s knowledge innovation function. In the future, China should fully considers the status and characteristics of the city’s own knowledge economy development with corresponding policies and measures suitable for the development of the city’s knowledge economy, and strengthen the dominant position of human and social factors in the constructing the city’s knowledge innovation function.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2010J01005)Scienceand Technology Development Foundation of Fuzhou University (No.2010-XQ-24)
文摘In this paper,a kind of stochastic differential equation is investigated and the almost sure exponential stability of the equation is obtained using Gronwall’s inequality.Further,we also give other noise intensity function to keep the stability of the system.