The Characteristics of 30-60 Day Oscillation and Its Relations to the Interannual Oscillations

The characteristics of 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO ) of the outgoing longwave radiation data (OLR) and its relations to the interannual oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by using the daily OLR data for the period from January, 1979 to December, 1987 and the corresponding monthly SST data. It is found that the LFO the band the interannual oscillations of the SST monthly anomaly (SSTA) interact each other and they all relate to the occurrence and development of El Nino events closely. Before El Nino event happens, it contributes to the SST's wanning up and to the SST's quasi-biennial oscillation (called QBO for brevity) and three and half years oscillation (called SO for short) being in warm water phase in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific (ECP and EEP) that the LFO in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) enhances and propagates eastward; When El Nino event takes place, the LFO, SSTA and SSTA's QBO and SO in the EEP interact and strengthen each other; But the warmer SST and the SSTA's QBO and SO in the warm water phase in the EEP contribute to the LFO's weakening in the equatorial Pacific. Moreover, these contribute to the SST in the EEP becoming cold and the SSTA's QBO and SO in the EWP being in cold water phase and then impel the El Nino event to end.

Time series analysis of correlativity between pulmonary tuberculosis and seasonal meteorological factors based on theory of Human-Environmental Inter Relation

Objective:This paper aims to study the correlativity between the number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases and seasonal meteorological factors in Beijing.Methods:Based on theory of Human-Environmental Inter Relation in Huangdi's Internal Classics,we adopted monthly cases of PTB in Beijing from 2004 to 2011,and established a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model.Using the cross-correlation function (CCF),we then analyzed the correlation between meteorological factors and number of infected patients.The related meteorological factors were subsequently integrated,to establish a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with explanatory variables (SARIMAX) model,which was used to estimate and verify the number of PTB cases in 2012.Results:In this study,a SARIMA(0,1,1) (0,1,1)12 model was established;CCF analysis was used to reveal the correlativity between PTB and precipitation with 1 lag,relative humidity with 1 lag.Then,integrated with relative humidity with 1 lag (β =2.405,95% confidence interval:0.433-4.377),the SARIMAX prediction model was proved to be an accurate approach for predicting local situations of PTB occurrence.Conclusions:The occurrence of PTB is correlated with seasonal meteorological factors.Combining these factors,an exact prediction model can be established,to estimate of the number of PTB infected patients.

3-D Animation as Applied to the Solving of Coupling Relations in the 6-DOF Parallel Robot

How to solve the coupling relations in a 6 - DOF parallel robot quickly and accurately within the limits of realtime control is a critical problem. In traditional analytic method, the complicated mathemtical model must first be constructed and then solved by programming.Obviously, this method is not very practical. This paper,therefore, proposes a new way of approach with a new method using 3- D animation for the solving of coupling relations in the 6 - DOF parallel robot. This method is much simpler and its solving accuracy approaches that of the more complicated analytic method.

Genetic relationship of rapeseed yield-related traits revealed by elite lines under multiple environments

To provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of Brassica napus yield, additive dominance with additive - by - additive epistatic effects （ ADAA） genetic model and a 6 X 8 partial dial- lel cross design were used to analyze the genetic effects and correlations of five yield related traits of 14 excellent Brassica napus parental lines and their 46 and F2 populations. The results showed that silique density （SD） , siliques per plant （SPP） , seeds per silique （SPS） and thousand - seed weight （TSW） exhibited not only additive and dominant effects, but also significant epistatic effects. The dominant effects of all five yield - related traits were obviously greater than their additive effects and epistatic effects. Yield per plant （YPP） showed significant genetic correlation with SD, SPP and SPS, and the main component of the genetic correlation was the dominance correlation. SPP and SPS both showed a significant negative correlation with TSW. The SD of rapeseed was genetically correlated with all three components of yield to a certain extent, and there were different components of genetic effects positively correlated with the three yield components, indicating that SD is a potential trait to reconcile the conflict between TSW and SPP as well as SPS.

Potential Toxicological and Cardiopulmonary Effects of PM2,5 Exposure and Related Mortality:Findings of Recent Studies Published during 2003-2013

Air pollution has environmental issue owing become a serious to its diverse harmful effects on the physical and biological environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） and the World Health Organization （WHO）, air pollution affects millions of people worldwide. Hundreds of thousands of deaths each year and a range of diseases, particularly among vulnerable groups （i.e., children, the elderly, and people with special medical conditions）, are attributed to air pollution. These effects are not always caused by single pollutant in the air; rather, they are considered consequences of the multi-pollutants to which people are simultaneously exposed.

Relations Between Stabilities and Structures of Closo Borane Dianions

An effective method to investigate the stabilities of a series of new closo-BnHn2- （n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30） was put forward with the aid of G96PW91/SHC calculations. Stabilities are related to the relative stabilized energies （RSE） and the 2e3c bound geometries of closo-BnHn2-. The structures in which a boron atom connects to four atoms up to seven are stable and appear in many borides because of the lower relative stabilized energy. In geometries, both triangular and quadrangular faces are in favor of forming the structures of closo-BnHn2-. The energies of optimized geometries support the existence of these new compounds. By employing both RSE and AE per boron atom in cage, the stabilities were studied to predict the probabilities of unknown clusters in existence. The electron-deficient clusters can be understood that the positive holes should be disperse to every triangular face and lead to share the holes, wherever there are not enough electrons to occupy them. The negative charges which anions carry distribute to 2e3c bonds to increase the stabilities.

Impact analysis of natural disasters using interrelation of infrastructure and associated industries

Most serious natural disasters cause fatalities and injuries, and result in infrastructure damage, economic impacts, and social effects. With respect to the nature of impacts, it is important to understand the direct and indirect impacts of natural disasters on infrastructure and industries. In this paper, a holistic disaster impact analysis framework is presented to support more understanding of natural disaster events with respect to inter-relation of infrastructure and associated industries. Disaster impact mechanism and inter-relations based on critical function of industries derived from the extensive literature review and case studies. To develop the framework, service factor is chosen to measure the level of inter-relations and proper weights for each inter-relation between infrastructure and associated industries are obtained by surveying experts in the area of disaster mitigation, emergency organizations, and infrastructure management. This paper focuses on the impact analysis of hurricane disaster and the outcome can also be applied to other types of disasters.

Energy Balance-related Behaviors Are Related to Cardiometabolic Parameters and Predict Adiposity in 8-14-year-old Overweight Chinese Children One Year Later

To identify target energy balance-related behaviors（ERBs）,baseline data from 141overweight or obese schoolchildren（aged 8-14years old）was used to predict adiposity[body mass index（BMI）and fat percentage]one year later.The ERBs included a modified Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet score（DASH score）,leisure-time physical activity（PA,days/week）,and leisure screen time（minutes/day）.Several cardiometabolic variables were measured in the fasting state, including systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, blood glucose （GLU）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglycerides （TG）, low-density lipoprotein （LDL-C）, and high-density lipoprotein （HDL-C）.

Multi-fractal Behaviors of Relative Humidity over China

The multi-fractal ity over China are studied behaviors of relative humid using the multi-fractal de trended fluctuation analysis （DFA） method. Three multi fractal parameters （the spectrum width Aa, the asymmetry Aaas, and the long-range correlation exponent a0） of the singularity spectrum are introduced to quantify the multi-fractal behaviors. The results show that multi-frac tality exists in daily humidity records over most stations in China and is mainly due to the broad distribution of the probability density of the sequence values. Strong multi fractal behaviors over some stations in the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Inner Mongolia provinces are obvious. These behaviors are mainly caused by different long range correlations between large and small fluctuations. The asymmetry of the singularity of relative humidity records is weak, except for a small number of stations in the far east and west of China, where the singularity spec trum is left-skewed. Finally, the long-range correlations in North China are stronger than those in South China, which indicates better predictability in North China. By studying the parameters of the multi-fractal spectrum, various data of long-range power law correlations of the relative humidity records are obtained, which may pro vide theoretical support for climate prediction.

Dose-Injury Relation as a Model for Uncertainty Propagation from Input Dose to Target Dose

We study a general framework for assessing the injury probability corresponding to an input dose quantity. In many applications, the true value of input dose may not be directly measurable. Instead, the input dose is estimated from measurable/controllable quantities via numerical simulations using assumed representative parameter values. We aim at developing a simple modeling framework for accommodating all uncertainties, including the discrepancy between the estimated input dose and the true input dose. We first interpret the widely used logistic dose-injury model as the result of dose propagation uncertainty from input dose to target dose at the active site for injury where the binary outcome is completely determined by the target dose. We specify the symmetric logistic dose-injury function using two shape parameters: the median injury dose and the 10 - 90 percentile width. We relate the two shape parameters of injury function to the mean and standard deviation of the dose propagation uncertainty. We find 1) a larger total uncertainty will spread more the dose-response function, increasing the 10 - 90 percentile width and 2) a systematic over-estimate of the input dose will shift the injury probability toward the right along the estimated input dose. This framework provides a way of revising an established injury model for a particular test population to predict the injury model for a new population with different distributions of parameters that affect the dose propagation and dose estimation. In addition to modeling dose propagation uncertainty, we propose a new 3-parameter model to include the skewness of injury function. The proposed 3-parameter function form is based on shifted log-normal distribution of dose propagation uncertainty and is approximately invariant when other uncertainties are added. The proposed 3-parameter function form provides a framework for extending skewed injury model from a test population to a target population in application.

The energetic relationship among geoeffective solar flares, associated CMEs and SEPs

Major solar eruptions （flares, coronal mass ejections （CMEs） and solar energetic particles （SEPs）） strongly influence geospace and space weather. Currently, the mechanism of their influence on space weather is not well understood and requires a detailed study of the energetic relationship among these eruptive phenomena. From this perspective, we investigate 30 flares （observed by RHESSI）, followed by weak to strong geomagnetic storms. Spectral analysis of these flares suggests a new power-law relationship （r - 0.79） between the hard X-ray （HXR） spectral index （before flarepeak） and linear speed of the associated CME observed by LASCO/SOHO. For 12 flares which were followed by SEP enhancement near Earth, HXR and SEP spectral analysis reveals a new scaling law （r - 0.9） between the hardest X-ray flare spectrum and the hardest SEP spectrum. Furthermore, a strong correlation is obtained between the linear speed of the CME and the hardest spectrum of the corresponding SEP event （r - 0.96）. We propose that the potentially geoeffective flare and associated CME and SEP are well-connected through a possible feedback mechanism, and should be regarded within the framework of a solar eruption. Owing to their space weather effects, these new results will help improve our current understanding of the Sun-Earth relationship, which is a major goal of research programs in heliophysics.

孕妇血清VEGF、PAPP-A水平与妊娠期高血压发病的相关性研究

目的探讨孕妇血清中VEGF、PAPP-A水平与妊娠期高血压发生的内在联系。方法我院2010年2月至7月的50例正常孕妇作为对照组,50例患妊娠期高血压孕妇作为观察组,两组血清中VEGF、PAPP-A水平均利用EIISA法(酶联免疫吸附法)进行检测和比较。结果与对照组相比,观察组VEGF和PAPP-A水平得到明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且与病情程度呈正相关。结论 VEGF和PAPP-A在妊娠期高血压发生过程中具重要作用,对二者的联合检测可最为疾病的辅助诊断。

大城市老年人养老方式选择意愿的变迁(1998-2017)——以广州为例

本文利用1998年、2008年和2017年“广州市老年人口生活状况调查”的原始数据,在一般性地考察变化及其影响因素的基础上,重点分析老年人养老方式选择意愿的时期效应。研究表明:1998-2017年间,广州老年人的养老方式选择意愿出现了明显的多样化、独立性特征,在向居家养老回归的同时,对自我养老的认同持续、明显增加;同时,个人特征、健康禀赋、社会经济特征、居住安排、家庭成员及代际关系等对其皆有显著影响。而且,随着时间的推移,与子女或孙子女同住的实际居住安排强化了老年人对与子女同住养老方式的认同,促进了老年人实际的与理想的养老方式的统一;但是,在促进老年人对与子女同住养老方式的认同方面,和睦的家庭关系及频繁的代际互动的作用有所减弱。基于此,本文提出,我国养老服务体系的建立、健全要有多层次、多样化、动态性、灵活性及家庭居住安排、代际关系新变化的考虑。

基层转移支付与地方政府债务扩张--项目制的视角与四川省的实证

财政转移支付对地方政府债务规模的影响,不仅仅是一个公共财政或金融信贷问题,更是一个与我国基本治理结构紧密相关的政治经济学问题。论文以项目制治理为理论导向对此问题展开了实证研究。研究认为,在此治理模式下,基层地方政府可以将省以下的转移支付作为项目运作的资源配置杠杆,申请更多的信贷资金支持,从而推高其地方政府债务。利用对四川省2016-2019年县级面板数据的实证分析,论文揭示了二者之间的因果关联:基层转移支付收入在整体上会扩张地方政府债务规模,并加重其债务成本;这一扩张效应更多是由专项转移支付带来的,而一般转移支付则与债务付息支出更为相关。该发现说明,我国基层转移支付的预算软约束问题已经深深嵌入到更为宏观的政治激励与经济建设模式之中,从而也需要从完善官员治理、优化政府间财政关系以及加强各种财政资源有效配置等方面加以改善。

1500-1800年间的东南亚国家关系与华侨华人——一种世界体系视角的分析

就世界体系思想而言,1500-1800年间的东南亚地区已被西方力量强行“嵌入”资本主义世界经济体的外部领域,正处于朝贡体系和资本主义经济体两种世界体系相互竞争、利用与共存的复杂历史时期。本文试就上述历史背景下的东南亚地区国家关系及其影响下的华侨华人体系的发展特征进行分析。

Co-Concept-Boosting视频语义索引方法

语义概念探测是建立视频语义索引的根本方法,传统探测方法没有充分考虑语义概念间存在的复杂关系.本文充分利用概念间关系提出了co-concept-boosting方法,该方法分为三个层次:第一层是基于上下文关系的探测模型的构建,第二层是结合概念间关系的boosting处理,第三层是对boosting过程中产生的多个探测模型的融合.利用Trecvid2005数据的实验分析证明,该方法具有良好的性能以及稳定性.

耦合Frenkel-Kontorova双链的格波解及其色散关系

求解了两条相同的耦合Frenkel-Kontorova (FK)链在低温、有限温和高温情况下的格波解及色散关系,进而研究了耦合FK双链的晶格振动特点.结果表明,耦合FK双链的色散关系包含一个声学支和一个光学支,两者的频谱范围和频率禁带与FK链的恢复力系数、链间耦合强度系数均有关联,低温和有限温的情况还与外势深度有关系.并且研究发现当链间耦合强度较小时,不存在频率禁带;当链间耦合强度逐渐增加到某一临界值后,频率禁带出现,且随着链间耦合强度增加,频隙不断变大,这是因为光学支随着链间耦合强度增加不断向高频方向移动.此外,还发现带隙结构出现的临界链间耦合强度始终为FK链恢复力系数的2倍,并不受温度的影响.本文还研究了给定链间耦合强度下温度对耦合FK双链色散关系的影响规律.本研究内容可为分析链间界面耦合和温度对晶格的振动特点和物理性质的影响提供理论依据,从而对于能量输运、热调控等实际应用发挥重要的指导作用.

有机液、消毒液中相关化合物的GC-MSD分析测定

禁止化武公约组织(OPCW)每年都要考核各参试国家的分析能力,我们实验室连续多年参加水平考试,并都取得了很好的成绩.本文报导了第14次OPCW水平考试其中的有机液(O/14)和消毒液(D/14)样品分析.有机液是模拟视查某生产、合成车间,采自1个未作标记包装容器内的样品(编号O/14).……

Symplectic analysis for elastic wave propagation in two-dimensional cellular structures

On the basis of the finite element analysis, the elastic wave propagation in cellular structures is investigated using the symplectic algorithm. The variation principle is first applied to obtain the dual variables and the wave propagation problem is then transformed into two-dimensional （2D） symplectic eigenvalue problems, where the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm is used to ensure that no phase propagation eigenvalues are missed during computation. Three typical cellular structures, square, triangle and hexagon, are introduced to illustrate the unique feature of the symplectic algorithm in higher-frequency calculation, which is due to the conserved properties of the structure-preserving symplectic algorithm. On the basis of the dispersion relations and phase constant surface analysis, the band structure is shown to be insensitive to the material type at lower frequencies, however, much more related at higher frequencies. This paper also demonstrates how the boundary conditions adopted in the finite element modeling process and the structures＇ configurations affect the band structures. The hexagonal cells are demonstrated to be more efficient for sound insulation at higher frequencies, while the triangular cells are preferred at lower frequencies. No complete band gaps are observed for the square cells with fixed-end boundary conditions. The analysis of phase constant surfaces guides the design of 2D cellular structures where waves at certain frequencies do not propagate in specified directions. The findings from the present study will provide invaluable guidelines for the future application of cellular structures in sound insulation.

f-heredity knowledge and f-heredity mining

Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient and the relation theorem of heredity-variation. The attribute dependence of f-variation coefficient and the relation of heredity-variation are important characteristics of S-rough sets. From such discussion, this paper puts forward the heredity mining off-knowledge and the algorithm of heredity mining, also gives its relative application.