Inter-carrier Interference Analysis for MIMO-OFDM Systems in High-Speed Train Environment

The orthogonality between the subcarriers of multipleinput multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing( MIMO-OFDM) systems is destroyed due to the Doppler frequency offset,particularly in the high-speed train( HST) environment,which leads to severe inter-carrier interference( ICI). Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the mechanism and influence factor of ICI in HST environment. In this paper, by using a non-stationary geometry-based stochastic model( GBSM) for MIMO HST channels, ICI is analyzed through investigating the channel coefficients and the carrier-to-interference power ratio( CIR). It is a fact that most of signal energy spreads on itself and its several neighborhood subcarriers. By investigating the amplitude of subcarriers, CIR is used to evaluate the ICI power level. The simulation results show that the biggest impact factor for the CIR is the multipath number L and the minimum impact factor K; when the train speed υR> 400 km / h,the normalized Doppler frequency offset ε > 0. 35,the CIR tends to zero,and the communication quality will be very poor at this condition. Finally,bit error rate( BER) is investigated by simulating a specific channel environment.

Influence of optical interference and carrier lifetime on the short circuit current density of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

Based on simple analytical equations, short circuit current density （Jsc） of the organic bulk heterojunction solar cells has been calculated. It is found that the optical interference effect plays a very important role in the determination of Jsc; and obvious oscillatory behaviour of Jsc was observed as a function of thickness. At the same time, the influence of the carrier lifetime on Jsc also cannot be neglected. When the carrier lifetime is relatively short, Jsc only increases at the initial stage and then decreases rapidly with the increase of active layer thickness. However, for a relatively long carrier lifetime, the exciton dissociation probability must be considered, and Jsc behaves wave-like with the increase of active layer thickness. The validity of this model is confirmed by the experimental results.

Continuous-Wave Interference Mitigation for Acquisition Method in Unified Carrier TT&C Systems

An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-wave interference(CWI)in unified carrier telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)systems.With subcarrier modulation index as a priori condition,the existence of CWI is determined by comparing the energy center with the symmetric center.In the presence of interference,the interference frequency point is assumed and culled;sequentially,the spectral symmetry is used to verify whether the signal acquisition is realized.Theoretical analysis,simulations,and experimental results demonstrate that the method can realize the acquisition of the main carrier target signal with an interference-to-signal ratio of 31 dB,which represents an improvement over the existing continuous-wave interference mitigation for acquisition methods.

Lentivirus vectors construction of SiRNA targeting interference GPC3 gene and its biological effects on liver cancer cell lines Huh-7

Objective:To build GPC3 gene short hairpin interference RNA(shRNA)slow virus veclor.observe expression of Huh-7 GPC3 gene in human liver cell line proliferation apoptosis and the effect of GPC3 gene influencing on liver cancer cell growth,and provide theoretical basis for genc therapy of liver cancer.Methods:Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh-7 wsa transfected by a RNA interference technique.GPC3 gene expression in a variety of liver cancer cell lines was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Targeted GPC3 gene seqnences of small interfering RNA(siRNA)PGC-shRNA-GPC3 were restructured.Stable expression cell linse of siRNA were screened and established with the heplp of liposomes(lipofectamine^(TM2000))as carrier transfcetion of human liver cell lines.In order to validate siRNA interference efficiency.GPC3 siRNA mRNA expression was detected after transfection by using RT-PCR and Western blot.The absorbance value of the cells of blank group,untransfection group and transfection group,the cell cycle and cell apoptosis were calculated,and effects of GPC3 gene nn Huh-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed.Results:In the liver cancer cell lines Huh-7 GPC3 gene showed high expression.PGC-shRNA-GPC3 recombinant plasmid was constructde successfully via sequencing validation.Stable recombinant plasmid transfected into liver cancer cell linse Huh-7can obviously inhibit GPC3 mRNA expression level.Conclusions:The targeted GPC3 siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of GPC3.

Physics-based analysis and simulation model of electromagnetic interference induced soft logic upset in CMOS inverter

The instantaneous reversible soft logic upset induced by the electromagnetic interference（EMI） severely affects the performances and reliabilities of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor（CMOS） inverters. This kind of soft logic upset is investigated in theory and simulation. Physics-based analysis is performed, and the result shows that the upset is caused by the non-equilibrium carrier accumulation in channels, which can ultimately lead to an abnormal turn-on of specific metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） in CMOS inverter. Then a soft logic upset simulation model is introduced. Using this model, analysis of upset characteristic reveals an increasing susceptibility under higher injection powers, which accords well with experimental results, and the influences of EMI frequency and device size are studied respectively using the same model. The research indicates that in a range from L waveband to C waveband, lower interference frequency and smaller device size are more likely to be affected by the soft logic upset.

Combination of interference alignment and beamforming in cellular networks

In this paper, we propose two joint transmit-receive iterative algorithms without the cooperation between different base stations based on the idea of interference alignment (IA) to improve the throughput of relay backhaul links in cellular networks for the case of imperfect channel knowledge,which can be implemented with small changes to existing TD-LTE standards. Unlike the previous interference alignment algorithms' only reducing the sum interference to the other receivers at the transmitter or the sum received Multi-user interference (MUI) at the receiver, our algorithm shapes the transmission of each data stream at transmitters in order not only to minimize interference to the other users, but also to minimize the interference between different streams objected to the same user, suppressing the MUI and Multi-stream interference (MSI) at receivers. The proposed algorithm I is to maximize the SINR at receivers. But the complexity is relatively high. Algorithm II only needs linear operations and sacrifices a little performance for much lower complexity compared to the Maximize SINR iterative algorithm which needs the inversion operation of matrix. It is also proved that the algorithm converges monotonically. The simulation results show that the techniques have considerable performance gain compared with the previous algorithms. Further research about power allocation is also discussed.

Distributed link scheduling method with physical interference model in wireless multi-hop networks

To further increase the throughput of wireless multi-hop networks,a distributed scheduling method is proposed,which takes physical interference model into account.It is assumed that nodes in the network can perform physical carrier sensing,and the carrier sensing range can be set to different values.In the traditional carrier sensing mechanism,the carrier sensing range is computed under the protocol interference model,which is not accurate.Here the optimal carrier sensing range with physical interference model is achieved.Each sending node implements the distributed approach in three phases at each time slot,and all the concurrent transmissions are interference free.Good performance can be achieved under this scheduling approach.The approximation ratio of the distributed method to the optimal one is also proved.

Flexible Large-Area Graphene Films of 50-600 nm Thickness with High Carrier Mobility

Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding,etc.However,large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported.Here,we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted’substrate replacement’strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms(lateral size~20 cm).Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms(nMAGs)of 50-600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000℃.The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802-1,540 cm^(2)V-1s-1carrier mobility,4.3-4.7 ps carrier lifetime,and>1,581 W m^(-1)K^(-1)thermal conductivity(n MAG-assembled 10μm-thick films,mMAGs).nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0×10^(5)cycles of folding-unfolding.Furthermore,n MAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness.These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms,especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms.

ICI elimination of M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system

To solve the inter carrier interference （ICI） elimination problem of an M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system, this paper analyzes the principle of the ICI caused by the Doppler frequency shift and its mathematical expression based on the M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system model. Through the analysis of the mathematical expression and combining with the perfect reconstruction conditions of the filter banks, we propose the design conditions of an M-band filter to reduce and eliminate the ICI. The impulse response model of the filter design conditions and an iterative algorithm is also established. The simulation results show that the proposed ICI reduction and elimination methods can effectively improve the system performance.

Component Carrier Selection and Beamforming on Carrier Aggregated Channels in Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, component carrier selection and beamforming on carrier aggregated channels in Heterogeneous Networks are proposed. The scheme jointly selects the component carrier and precoding (i.e. beamforming) vectors with the cooperation of the other cells to deal with the interference between Macro cell and Pico cell. The component carrier selection and beamforming is achieved by optimizing the multi-cell downlink throughput. This optimization results in shutting down a subset of the component carrier in order to allow for a perfect interference removal at the receive side in the dense low power node deployment scenario. Additionally, algorithm based on Branch and Bound Method is used to reduce the search complexity of the algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve high cell-average and cell-edge throughput for the Pico cell in the Heterogeneous Networks.

Mitigation of spectral leakage for single carrier, block-processing cognitive radio receivers

Cognitive Radio （CR） is a multiuser, wireless communication concept that allows for a dynamic and adaptive assignment of spectral resources. The coexistence of multiple users, often transmitting at significantly different power levels, makes CR receivers vulnerable to spectral leakage caused by components＇ nonlinearities and timetruncation of the processed signal records. In this work we propose a method for mitigating the latter with an adaptive choice of the length of the processing block size. With simulations we show that a significant leakage reduction that leads to receiver dynamic range improvement of around 10 dB can be achieved with the proposed method.

基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络的GNSS干扰源定位技术

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)应用已全面深入到国家安全和国民经济当中,但由于GNSS信号到达地面后信号强度很弱,极易受到无意或有意的人为干扰。当出现压制干扰时会影响接收机正常工作,从而导致某一区域导航定位效果受到影响,因此对干扰源的排查和消除十分重要。针对上述压制干扰,通过在监测区域分布一定数量低成本接收机,利用其接收的载噪比数据特征实现干扰源的位置估计。考虑到信号传播过程中的衰减模型是非线性的,提出了基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)优化反向传播(Back Propagation,BP)神经网络的干扰源定位方法,通过神经网络学习得到监测区域载噪比特征的复杂非线性关系,GA对神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化,最终在监测区域通过梯度下降法搜索出干扰源位置。结果表明,GA优化后的网络预测误差更小,能够初步定位干扰源位置且平均定位误差率(Average Localization Error Rate,ALER)约为0.23%,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。

正交通道中码分干扰对载波捕获的影响分析及研究

在多功能数字基带的信号处理过程中,由于正交通道的码分干扰较大,传统的FFT算法无法进行载波捕获。文中从理论上分析了正交通道中扩频码对FFT算法的影响,并进行了仿真分析,最后提出双向搜索捕获算法和增加平方算法两种方法在消除码分干扰中的应用。双向搜索捕获算法在完成码捕获的同时能获得多普勒频率;增加平方算法能有效消除码分多址的影响,精确计算多普勒频率,简单实用。实验结果表明,两种消除码分干扰的算法各有优点,在实际工程应用中可根据需要选择使用。

室内VLC-WiFi异构网络中多色载波资源分配

可见光通信接入点(VLC AP)在室内密集部署的方式在扩大VLC-WiFi系统容量的同时,增加了覆盖的小区间干扰。为了降低小区间干扰,提高系统的吞吐量和平均用户满意度,本文设计了多色载波分配与功率控制(MCAPC)的资源分配方法。该方法依据VLC AP的部署位置和信道特性,采用软频率复用方法确定各VLC AP的无干扰的主载波和多色副载波,并设计基于匹配博弈的载波和子频带分配算法为用户分配异构网络的频带资源;最后,设计基于功率控制效用值的干扰抑制的载波功率控制算法进一步抑制小区间干扰。研究结果表明,所提MCAPC方法能够提高室内多色VLC-WiFi异构网的系统吞吐量和用户的平均满意度。

基于稀疏傅里叶变换的采煤机机载式变频器谐波干扰自动抑制方法

为增强采煤机变频器谐波干扰抑制效果,提出基于稀疏傅里叶变换的采煤机机载式变频器谐波干扰自动抑制方法。该方法先通过稀疏傅里叶变换分析采煤机机载式变频器输出的电流信号,检测谐波干扰成分,后设计一个自适应形态学滤波器实现谐波干扰自动抑制。结果表明,设计方法能够有效抑制变频器输出电流中的谐波干扰成分,抑制效果良好。

利用接收机载噪比测量值的GNSS干扰源定位技术

由于GNSS信号在抵达地面时信号强度较低,极易遭受无意或蓄意的人为干扰,严重时甚至会导致导航和定位服务不可用,因此,定位和消除干扰源显得尤为重要.面向常见的压制式干扰,针对目前的定位方法主要是对原始采样信号进行处理,实现起来往往具有设备复杂、计算量大、成本高的问题.本文提出了一种利用普通商用接收机的载噪比(carrier-to-noise ratio,C/N0)测量值进行GNSS干扰源定位的方法,通过C/N0测量值估计干扰信号强度差,进而解算出干扰源位置.实测结果表明:视距条件下,在约11400 m2的监测区域中,该方法能够达到13.17 m的平均绝对定位误差,且耗时较少,可实现干扰源的有效定位.所提方法无需对接收机进行软硬件的改动,实现简单,成本低,利于工程应用.

加权K-Means与DRSS定位结合的GNSS干扰源定位方法

针对基于载噪比(carrier to noise ratio,CNR)的GNSS干扰源定位,在存在多个干扰源、多径传输且接收机间距较远时定位难度大、精度低的问题,提出了一种加权K均值(K-Means)聚类算法与基于差分接收信号强度(differential received signal strength,DRSS)的方程解算定位相结合的多干扰源定位方法.在假设干扰源个数确定以及单个接收机只受到一个干扰源影响的前提下,设计了改进的加权K-Means聚类算法实现对多个干扰源位置的初步估计.为了进一步降低在观测接收机相距较远时加权K-Means方法的定位误差,在聚类后选取各簇内受干扰影响显著的接收CNR构建基于DRSS的定位方程组,通过方程解算得到更加精细的定位结果.仿真结果表明,所提出的定位方案可以实现对多干扰源的定位,结合DRSS参数定位后,单干扰源场景下定位误差可降低19%以上,存在两个单音干扰源的场景下定位误差可降低38%以上.

低复杂度单载波时域均衡算法

由于卫星通信体制的约束,接收机信号处理在时域进行,致使传统信道均衡算法面临高维矩阵求逆困境。充分利用Toeplitz矩阵的特殊结构和连续干扰消除思想,提出了一种低复杂度单载波时域均衡算法,将高维信道均衡系统转换成多个低维信道均衡系统,依次对低维信道均衡系统进行均衡,从而避免对高维矩阵求逆操作。实验结果表明,与传统信道均衡算法相比,所提算法能以更低的计算复杂度实现更相近甚至更优的误码性能。

行星销轴支撑方式对行星齿轮传动齿向载荷分布影响分析

为降低行星架扭转变形对行星轮齿面接触应力分布的影响,分析了行星架对行星销轴不同支撑方式下行星轮齿向载荷分布系数的变化。通过齿轮设计专业软件KissSoft和三维软件进行精确建模,利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件计算了行星销轴两端过盈配合和一端过盈一端间隙配合两种支撑方式下行星轮齿面接触应力分布,对比了两种支撑方式下行星轮齿向载荷分布系数变化情况。研究表明,当采用一端间隙一端过盈配合的行星销轴支撑方式时,齿面接触应力分布较均匀,齿向载荷分布系数较小,该支撑方式能够有效降低行星架扭转变形对行星轮齿面接触应力分布的影响,提高行星减速器的工作寿命。

低压输电线路载波通信多耦合干扰抑制方法设计

低压输电线路通信过程被描述为时滞多变量过程,固有的复杂耦合和时滞的存在,为耦合干扰信号识别和抑制带来难度。在耦合干扰抑制过程中,设定的滤波阈值相对固定,干扰抑制过程通常会受到多耦合因素的影响,危及电线路载波通信的稳定性。提出低压输电线路载波通信多耦合干扰抑制方法。构建低压输电线路载波通信信道模型,获取含噪的载波通信信号。利用稀疏采样算法在载波通信信号中提取多耦合干扰信号。由于载波通信信号与干扰信号存在相似性,所提取的多耦合干扰信号包含通信信号。对处理后的多耦合干扰信号进行分块处理,计算其与正常通信信号稀疏系数向量的关联系数,得到耦合特征。基于这些特征构建载波通信样本信号多耦合干扰判断模型。通过计算载波通信样本信号与多耦合干扰特征之间的相似程度,并与判定阈值进行比较,抑制多耦合干扰。实验结果显示:应用提出方法能够更有效的抑制载波通信干扰,且在多工况情况下,多耦合干扰信号占比更低,充分证实了提出方法的可靠性。