Enhancing Relational Triple Extraction in Specific Domains:Semantic Enhancement and Synergy of Large Language Models and Small Pre-Trained Language Models

In the process of constructing domain-specific knowledge graphs,the task of relational triple extraction plays a critical role in transforming unstructured text into structured information.Existing relational triple extraction models facemultiple challenges when processing domain-specific data,including insufficient utilization of semantic interaction information between entities and relations,difficulties in handling challenging samples,and the scarcity of domain-specific datasets.To address these issues,our study introduces three innovative components:Relation semantic enhancement,data augmentation,and a voting strategy,all designed to significantly improve the model’s performance in tackling domain-specific relational triple extraction tasks.We first propose an innovative attention interaction module.This method significantly enhances the semantic interaction capabilities between entities and relations by integrating semantic information fromrelation labels.Second,we propose a voting strategy that effectively combines the strengths of large languagemodels(LLMs)and fine-tuned small pre-trained language models(SLMs)to reevaluate challenging samples,thereby improving the model’s adaptability in specific domains.Additionally,we explore the use of LLMs for data augmentation,aiming to generate domain-specific datasets to alleviate the scarcity of domain data.Experiments conducted on three domain-specific datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms existing comparative models in several aspects,with F1 scores exceeding the State of the Art models by 2%,1.6%,and 0.6%,respectively,validating the effectiveness and generalizability of our approach.

Specificities of the Local Data and Interactive Visualization

The objective is to know and to exploit specificities of the local data because Madagascar needs to the media economic surveys deepened on its cultural and social diversities. The problems remain on the facts that the journalists are exceeded by the events and are often constrained to be unaware of the environment of proximity--policies, societies, and economics which could become inexhaustible sources. In this case, how and up to what point will they manage to collect all the data related there, to exploit them and to place them at the disposal of the public？ We chose a methodology of investigation according to the research methods developed for the study of the industrial and agricultural systems （Bear, Gibbon, Haggblade, ＆ Ritchie, 1993; Boomgard, Davies, Haggblade, ＆ Mead, 1992; Laurent, 1993; Montigaud, 1992） in order to establish the cartography of the media, the actors, the sets of themes to the menu. This enabled us to raise a whole proliferation of the media. The lnternet has also been diffused since 1997.

Implementation of Level-3 Autonomous Patient-Specific Quality Assurance with Automated Human Interactive Devices

Purpose: Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) requires manual operation of different workstations, which is time-consuming and error-prone. Therefore, developing automated solutions to improve efficiency and accuracy is a priority. The purpose of this study was to develop a general software interface with scripting on a human interactive device (HID) for improving the efficiency and accuracy of manual quality assurance (QA) procedures. Methods: As an initial application, we aimed to automate our PSQA workflow that involves Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, Elekta MOSAIQ oncology information system and PTW Verisoft application. A general platform, the AutoFrame interface with two imbedded subsystems—the AutoFlow and the PyFlow, was developed with a scripting language for automating human operations of aforementioned systems. The interface included three functional modules: GUI module, UDF script interpreter and TCP/IP communication module. All workstations in the PSQA process were connected, and most manual operations were automated by AutoFrame sequentially or in parallel. Results: More than 20 PSQA tasks were performed both manually and using the developed AutoFrame interface. On average, 175 (±12) manual operations of the PSQA procedure were eliminated and performed by the automated process. The time to complete a PSQA task was 8.23 (±0.78) minutes for the automated workflow, in comparison to 13.91 (±3.01) minutes needed for manual operations. Conclusion: We have developed the AutoFrame interface framework that successfully automated our PSQA procedure, and significantly reduced the time, human (control/clicking/typing) errors, and operators’ stress. Future work will focus on improving the system’s flexibility and stability and extending its operations to other QA procedures.

Identification of highly conserved domains in hemagglutinin associated with the receptor binding specificity of influenza viruses: 2009 H1N1, avian H5N1, and swine H1N2

The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses facilitates receptor binding and membrane fusion, which is the initial step of virus infection. Human influenza viruses preferentially bind to receptors with α2-6 lin- kages to galactose (SAα2,6Gal), whereas avian influenza viruses prefer receptors with α2-3 linkages to galactose (SAα2,3Gal). The current 2009 H1N1 pandemic is caused by a novel influenza A virus that has its genetic materials from birds, humans, and pigs. Its pandemic nature is characterized clearly by its dual binding to the α2-3 as well as α2-6 receptors, because the seasonal human H1N1 virus only binds to the α2-6 receptor. In a previous study, the informational spectrum method (ISM), a bioinformatics technique, was applied to uncover one highly conserved region in the HA protein associated with receptor binding preference in each of various influenza subtypes. In the present study, we extended the previous work by discovering multiple such domains in HA of 2009 H1N1 and avian H5N1 to expand our repertoire of known key regions in HA responsible for receptor binding affinity. Three such domains in HA of 2009 H1N1 were found at residue positions 106 to 130, 150 to 174, and 191 to 221, and another three domains in HA of avian H5N1 were located at residue positions 46 to 65, 136 to 153, and 269 to 286. These identified domains could be utilized as therapeutic and diagnostic targets for the prevention and treatment of influenza infection.

Gene environment interaction in periphery and brain converge to modulate behavioral outcomes:Insights from the SP1 transient early in life interference rat model

It is generally assumed that behavior results from an interaction between susceptible genes and environmental stimuli during critical life stages.The present article reviews the main theoretical and practical concepts in the research of gene environment interaction,emphasizing the need for models simulating real life complexity.We review a novel approach to study gene environment interaction in which a brief post-natal interference with the expression of multiple genes,by hindering the activity of the ubiquitous transcription factor specificity protein 1(Sp1) is followed by later-in-life exposure of rats to stress.Finally,this review discusses the role of peripheral processes in behavioral responses,with the Sp1 model as one example demonstrating how specific behavioral patterns are linked to modulations in both peripheral and central physiological processes.We suggest that models,which take into account the tripartite reciprocal interaction between the central nervous system,peripheral systems and environmental stimuli will advance our understanding of the complexity of behavior.

Key elements determining the intestinal region-specific environment of enteric neurons in type 1 diabetes

Diabetes,as a metabolic disorder,is accompanied with several gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms,like abdominal pain,gastroparesis,diarrhoea or constipation.Serious and complex enteric nervous system damage is confirmed in the background of these diabetic motility complaints.The anatomical length of the GI tract,as well as genetic,developmental,structural and functional differences between its segments contribute to the distinct,intestinal region-specific effects of hyperglycemia.These observations support and highlight the importance of a regional approach in diabetes-related enteric neuropathy.Intestinal large and microvessels are essential for the blood supply of enteric ganglia.Bidirectional morpho-functional linkage exists between enteric neurons and enteroglia,however,there is also a reciprocal communication between enteric neurons and immune cells on which intestinal microbial composition has crucial influence.From this point of view,it is more appropriate to say that enteric neurons partake in multidirectional communication and interact with these key players of the intestinal wall.These interplays may differ from segment to segment,thus,the microenvironment of enteric neurons could be considered strictly regional.The goal of this review is to summarize the main tissue components and molecular factors,such as enteric glia cells,interstitial cells of Cajal,gut vasculature,intestinal epithelium,gut microbiota,immune cells,enteroendocrine cells,prooxidants,antioxidant molecules and extracellular matrix,which create and determine a gut region-dependent neuronal environment in diabetes.

Towards a Methodology for Formal Design and Analysis of Agent Interaction Protocols ——An Investigation in Electronic Commerce

Various extensions of UML have been developed to meet the challenges of designing modern software systems, such as agent based electronic commerce applications. Recent advances in model checking technology have led it to be introduced into the development of approaches and tools to check the correctness of electronic commerce protocols. This paper focuses on the research of a method that connects an extension of AUML to model checker SPIN/Promela for the specification and verification of agent interaction protocols (AIP) in electronic commerce. The method presented here allows us to combine the benefits of visual specification with the power of some static analysis and model checking. Some algorithms and rules are developed to permit all visual modeling constructs translated mechanically into some Promela models of AIP, as supported by the model checker SPIN. Moreover, a process is illustrated to guide the specification and verification of AIP. The method is demonstrated thoroughly using the e commerce protocol NetBill as an example.

Effects of anisotropy and magnetic fields on the specific heat of a quasi-two-dimensional Boltzmann gas in an elliptical parabolic quantum dot

We investigate the effects due to anisotropy and magnetic field interaction for a quasi-two-dimensional Boltzmann gas in an elliptical parabolic quantum dot. The specific heat is studied with varying temperature, anisotropy, and magnetic field strength. The cases without and with the inclusion of the spin Zeeman interaction are considered.

Quantifying the effects of mutations on receptor binding specificity of influenza viruses

Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza viruses is a cylindrically shaped homotrimer, where each monomer comprises two disulfide-linked subdomains HA1 and HA2. Influenza infection is initiated by binding of HA1 to its host cell receptors and followed by the fusion between viral and host endosomal membranes mediated by HA2. Human influenza viruses preferentially bind to sialic acid that is linked to galactose by an α2,6-linkage (α2,6), whereas avian and swine influenza viruses preferentially recognize α2,3 or α 2,3/α2,6. For animal influenza viruses to cross host species barriers, their HA proteins must acquire mutations to gain the capacity to allow human-to-human transmission. In this study, the informational spectrum method (ISM), a bioinformatics approach, was applied to identify mutations and to elucidate the contribution to the receptor binding specificity from each mutation in HA1 in various subtypes within or between hosts, including 2009 human H1N1, avian H5N1, human H5N1, avian H1N1, and swine H1N2. Among others, our quantitative analysis indicated that the mutations in HA1 of 2009 human H1N1 collectively tended to reduce the swine binding affinity in the seasonal H1N1 strains and to increase that in the pandemic H1N1 strains. At the same time, they increased the human binding affinity in the pandemic H1N1 strains and had little impact on that in the seasonal H1N1 strains. The mutations between the consensus HA1 sequences of human H5N1 and avian H5N1 increased the avian binding affinity and decreased the human binding affinity in avian H5N1 while produced the opposite effects on those in human H5N1. Finally, the ISM was employed to analyze and verify several mutations in HA1 well known for their critical roles in binding specificity switch, including E190D/G225D in H1N1 and Q192R/ S223L/ Q226L/ G228S in H5N1.

The Research of Spin-Orbital Interaction in Intermetallic Compounds of System Gd-In on Paramagnetic Area

Normal,R0,and anomalous,RS,components of the Hall coefficient are determined from the results of experimental investigations of temperature dependences of the Hall coefficient,magnetic susceptibility,and specific electrical resistance for intermetallic Gd3In,Gd3In5 and GdIn3 compounds.Effective parameters of spin-orbital interactionλSO of intermetallic compounds are calculated from anomalous components RS of the Hall coefficient and specific electrical resistance.The results calculated for the band parameters and effective parameters of spin-orbital interactionλSO for Gd-In system intermetallides coincide by orders of magnitude with the results obtained from the optical spectra of pure REMs(rare-earth metals).

重金属残留免疫分析法中抗体与抗原特异性识别及相互作用机制研究进展

重金属毒性大、污染范围广,其污染和残留对食品安全造成了严重危害,因此加强食品中的重金属残留检测至关重要。重金属的免疫分析法快速、高效,具有良好的应用前景,重金属抗体是其中的核心试剂。重金属抗原由重金属离子及螯合剂两部分组成,由于金属离子结构相似、螯合剂又具有通用性,因此制备的抗体往往特异性不佳,但仍有部分文献报道的抗体具有良好的特异性。因此,研究重金属抗体对抗原特异性识别及相互作用机制具有重要意义。本文综述了重金属抗原抗体识别机制的3种研究手段及进展,分析了重金属抗体与抗原特异性识别及相互作用的关键因素,旨在为重金属抗体性能改造提升提供参考,并为建立高效、灵敏、特异性好的食品重金属残留检测方法奠定基础。

Interaction between Rice stripe virus Disease- Specific Protein and Host PsbP Enhances Virus Symptoms

Rice stripe virus （RSV） causes severe diseases in Oryza sativa （rice） in many Eastern Asian countries. Diseasespecific protein （SP） of RSV is a non-structural protein and its accumulation level in rice plant was shown to determine the severity of RSV symptoms. Here, we present evidence that expression of RSV SP alone in rice or Nicotiana benthamiana did not produce visible symptoms. Expression of SP in these two plants, however, enhanced RSV- or Potato virus X （PVX）- induced symptoms. Through yeast two-hybrid screening, GST pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated that RSV SP interacted with PsbP, a 23-kDa oxygen-evolving complex protein, in both rice and N. benthamiana. Furthermore, our investigation showed that silencing of PsbP expression in both plants increased disease symptom severity and virus accumulation. Confocal microscopy using N, benthamiana protoplast showed that PsbP accu- mulated predominantly in chloroplast in wild-type N. benthamiana cells. In the presence of RSV SP, most PsbP was recruited into cytoplasm of the assayed cells. In addition, accumulation of SP during RSV infection resulted in alterations of chloroplast structure and function. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying RSV disease symptom development.

Study on the Complexation of Molybdenum（Ⅵ） with Iminodiacetic Acid and Ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic Acid by Specific Ion Interaction and Debye-Hückel Theories

Complexation of two ligands, iminodiacetic acid and ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid, with molybdenum（Ⅵ） was studied in aqueous solutions. Molybdenum（Ⅵ） forms a mononuclear complex with the aforementioned ligands of the type MoO3L^2-. All measurements have been carried out at 25 ℃ and different ionic strengths ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mol·L^-1 of NaClO4, with the pH justified to 6.0. Equilibrium concentration products and stoichiometry of the complexes have been determined from a combination of potentiometric and UV spectroscopic measurements. Comparison of the ionic strength effect on these complex formation reactions has been made using a Debye-Hückel type equation and Bronsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard specific ion interaction theory （SIT）. Debye-Hückel theory predicted the first order effects on simple electrolyte solutions. Interactions between the reacting species and the ionic medium were taken into account in the SIT model. All of the calculations have been done by the computer program Excel 2000.

SSINCC: Simple separation of interacting nucleoprotein complex components

Protein-DNA binding assays have been used in a va-riety of applications from fundamental studies re-garding the binding process itself to serve as probes for the detection, quantification and separation of target analytes. Here we describe a novel method of analyzing and identifying intermolecular DNA interactions that allows for the simple separation of interacting nucleoprotein complex components (SSINCC), focusing specifically on DNA-DNA interactions using P1 plasmid active partition system nucleoprotein complexes as a model to demonstrate DNA sequence specificity and tolerance of composite factor complexity. Traditional and recent assays of protein-DNA interaction are summarized and compared with SSINC. Although SSINC is examined here employing P1 partition nucleoprotein complex as an example of DNA-DNA intermolecular association, universal applications of this methodology to nucleo-protein complex studies can be envisioned.

RF-PSSM:A Combination of Rotation Forest Algorithm and Position-Specific Scoring Matrix for Improved Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions Between Hepatitis C Virus and Human

The identification of hepatitis C virus(HCV)virus-human protein interactions will not only help us understand the molecular mechanisms of related diseases but also be conductive to discovering new drug targets.An increasing number of clinically and experimentally validated interactions between HCV and human proteins have been documented in public databases,facilitating studies based on computational methods.In this study,we proposed a new computational approach,rotation forest position-specific scoring matrix(RF-PSSM),to predict the interactions among HCV and human proteins.In particular,PSSM was used to characterize each protein,two-dimensional principal component analysis(2DPCA)was then adopted for feature extraction of PSSM.Finally,rotation forest(RF)was used to implement classification.The results of various ablation experiments show that on independent datasets,the accuracy and area under curve(AUC)value of RF-PSSM can reach 93.74% and 94.29%,respectively,outperforming almost all cutting-edge research.In addition,we used RF-PSSM to predict 9 human proteins that may interact with HCV protein E1,which can provide theoretical guidance for future experimental studies.

Upregulated lncRNA PRNT promotes progression and oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer cells by regulating HIPK2 transcription

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related mortality globally.Resistance to chemotherapy,especially during CRC treatment,leads to reduced effectiveness of drugs and poor patient outcomes.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been implicated in various pathophysiological processes of tumor cells,including chemotherapy resistance,yet the roles of many lncRNAs in CRC remain unclear.AIM To identify and analyze the lncRNAs involved in oxaliplatin resistance in CRC and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms influencing this resistance.METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE42387 and GSE30011 were reanalyzed to identify lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with oxaliplatin resistance.Various bioinformatics tools were employed to elucidate molecular mechanisms.The expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs were assessed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Functional assays,including MTT,wound healing,and Transwell,were conducted to investigate the functional implications of lncRNA alterations.Interactions between lncRNAs and trans-cription factors were examined using RIP and luciferase reporter assays,while Western blotting was used to confirm downstream pathways.Additionally,a xenograft mouse model was utilized to study the in vivo effects of lncRNAs on chemotherapy resistance.RESULTS LncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)was found to be upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and negatively correlated with homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2(HIPK2)expression.PRNT was demonstrated to sponge transcription factor zinc finger protein 184(ZNF184),which in turn could regulate HIPK2 expression.Altered expression of PRNT influenced CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin,with overexpression leading to decreased sensitivity and decreased expression reducing resistance.Both RIP and luciferase reporter assays indicated that ZNF184 and HIPK2 are targets of PRNT.The PRNT/ZNF184/HIPK2 axis was implicated in promoting CRC progression and oxaliplatin resistance both in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION The study concludes that PRNT is upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and modulates the expression of HIPK2 by sponging ZNF184.This regulatory mechanism enhances CRC progression and resistance to oxaliplatin,positioning PRNT as a promising therapeutic target for CRC patients undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

苏云金芽孢杆菌Cry毒素共性结构短肽串联表达及功能分析

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Cry毒素是一类具有抗虫功能的微生物蛋白。将前期基于Bt Cry毒素家族氨基酸序列及结构信息设计获得的呈现Cry毒素共性结构的3个短肽,拼接成为具有免疫原性的长链多肽(Bt Cry-GXJG-11),以期研发Bt Cry毒素杀虫功能的模拟物及制备Bt Cry毒素检测用广谱抗体的免疫原。分子建模预测结果显示,Bt Cry-GXJG-11与Bt Cry毒素靶标害虫棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)钙黏蛋白受体(HaCad-TBR)存在互作效应,并初步明确了两者互作的关键氨基酸位点为244TYR。经原核表达,获得了质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL的Bt Cry-GXJG-11纯蛋白,测得其与HaCad-TBR的亲和力常数(KD)为2.151×10^(-7)mol/L。室内生测试验表明,Bt Cry-GXJG-11对棉铃虫具有一定杀虫活性,校正死亡率为27.5%;且以其免疫的小鼠血清能同时识别6种Bt Cry毒素(Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ah、Cry1B、Cry1C、Cry1F)。

尿PSA与其他危险因素交互作用对老年前列腺增生的预警作用研究

目的分析尿前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)与其他危险因素交互作用对老年前列腺增生的预警作用研究。方法选取2021年5月至2023年5月在白山市中心医院收治的97例老年前列腺增生患者为研究组,另选取84例正常老年人为对照组,检测两组患者氧化应激标志物、尿PSA、血清PSA水平,分析老年前列腺增生的危险因素及尿PSA与危险因素的交互作用。结果与对照组相比,研究组患者超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、总抗氧化物(TAS)表达水平降低,尿PSA、血清PSA、丙二醛(MDA)表达水平升高(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,老年前列腺增生的发生与年龄、高脂血症、生长因子、肉眼血尿病史、泌尿系感染无关(P>0.05);与肥胖、逼尿肌功能异常、高血压、雄激素水平升高、糖尿病、膀胱颈纤维化、高盐饮食、前列腺炎症有关(P<0.05)。以老年前列腺增生为因变量(未发生=0;发生=1),多因素Logistics回归分析结果显示,肥胖(体质指数≥28 kg/m^(2))、逼尿肌功能异常、高血压、雄激素水平升高、糖尿病、膀胱颈纤维化、高盐饮食、前列腺炎症、尿PSA、血清PSA为影响老年前列腺增生的危险因素(P<0.05)。尿PSA与危险因素对老年患者前列腺增生存在乘积交互作用(P<0.05)。结论尿PSA与其他危险因素交互作用对老年前列腺增生具有预警作用。

基于中医五行“母子相及”理论初探肺脾相及与儿童过敏进程的关系

过敏性疾病呈逐年上升趋势,而儿童过敏性疾病占其一半,且在儿童中表现出过敏进程的现象,即从婴儿期的特应性皮炎、食物过敏到儿童期的过敏性鼻炎和哮喘的发展进程,儿童过敏进程如期而至成了业内的攻坚问题。本文简单介绍了儿童过敏进程的概念及发病机制,着重从中医五行的“母子相及”角度探讨了肺脾相及,肺卫固表、主气司呼吸,脾主运化、统津液代谢,肺、脾功能以及肺脾相互影响分别与儿童特应性皮炎、食物过敏、过敏性鼻炎及过敏性哮喘有着密切的关系,也进一步阐明了肺脾相及参与了儿童过敏进程的整个过程。目前,对于儿童过敏进程的防治还在探索阶段,现代医学多从三级预防入手,而祖国医学秉持“整体观念”“异病同治”等理念,有望从二级预防,甚至从辨识体质(肺脾气虚质)的一级预防期就对有肺脾不足初期表现的患儿进行中医药的干预,如药膳饮食、推拿按摩及中药内服等有效方法来延迟,甚至阻断儿童过敏进程的发展,本文为其提供了有力的理论依据和支持。