Multi-Core Virtual Concatenation Scheme Considering Inter-Core Crosstalk in Spatial Division Multiplexing Enabled Elastic Optical Networks

Spatial division multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks(SDM-EONs) are the potential implementation form of future optical transport networks, because it can curve the physical limitation of achievable transmission capacity in single-mode fiber and single-core fiber. However, spectrum fragmentation issue becomes more serious in SDM-EONs compared with simple elastic optical networks(EONs) with single mode fiber or single core fiber. In this paper, multicore virtual concatenation(MCVC) scheme is first proposed considering inter-core crosstalk to solve the spectrum fragmentation issue in SDM-EONs. Simulation results show that the proposed MCVC scheme can achieve better performance compared with the baseline scheme, i.e., single-core virtual concatenation(SCVC) scheme, in terms of blocking probability and spectrum utilization.

Theoretical Analysis on Inter-Core Crosstalk Suppression Model for Multi-Core Fiber

Decreasing mode coupling coefficient(κ) is an effective approach to suppress the inter-core crosstalk. Therefore, we deploy a low index rod and rectangle trench in the middle of two neighboring cores to reduce κ so that the overlap of electric field distribution can be suppressed. We also propose approximate analytical solution(AAS) for κ of two crosstalk suppression models, which are two cores with one low index rod deployed in the middle and two cores with one low index rectangle trench deployed in the middle. We then do some modification for the results obtained by AAS and the modified results are proved to agree well with that obtained by finite element method(FEM). Therefore, we can use the modified AAS to get inter-core crosstalk for abovementioned two models quickly.

Diagnosing quantum crosstalk in superconducting quantum chips by using out-of-time-order correlators

Performance of a scalable quantum processor critically relies on minimizing crosstalk and unwanted interactions within the system,as it is vital for parallel controlled operations on qubits.We present a protocol not only to provide information about residual coupling but also to effectively discriminate it from the influence of classical crosstalk.Our approach utilizes out-of-time-order correlators(OTOCs)as a signal of quantum crosstalk,making it applicable to various coupling forms and scalable architectures.To demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol,we provide a theoretical analysis and simulate its implementation in coupled superconducting qubits.

Dynamical behavior of memristor-coupled heterogeneous discrete neural networks with synaptic crosstalk

Synaptic crosstalk is a prevalent phenomenon among neuronal synapses,playing a crucial role in the transmission of neural signals.Therefore,considering synaptic crosstalk behavior and investigating the dynamical behavior of discrete neural networks are highly necessary.In this paper,we propose a heterogeneous discrete neural network(HDNN)consisting of a three-dimensional KTz discrete neuron and a Chialvo discrete neuron.These two neurons are coupled mutually by two discrete memristors and the synaptic crosstalk is considered.The impact of crosstalk strength on the firing behavior of the HDNN is explored through bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents.It is observed that the HDNN exhibits different coexisting attractors under varying crosstalk strengths.Furthermore,the influence of different crosstalk strengths on the synchronized firing of the HDNN is investigated,revealing a gradual attainment of phase synchronization between the two discrete neurons as the crosstalk strength decreases.

Auxin-brassinosteroid crosstalk:Regulating rice plant architecture and grain shape

Rice(Oryza sativa)plant architecture and grain shape,which determine grain quality and yield,are modulatedby auxin and brassinosteroid via regulation of cell elongation and proliferation.We review the signaltransduction of these hormones and the crosstalk between their signals on the regulation of rice plantarchitecture and grain shape.

PGC-1α介导的“肌脑Crosstalk”与运动的抗抑郁机制——基于整合生物学的反思与展望

针对抑郁症的研究表明,骨骼肌过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ辅助活化因子1α(PGC-1α)通过基因转录调控的途径改善外周色氨酸代谢、减轻中枢炎症反应、增加脑源性神经营养因子的表达,从而远程作用于脑组织发挥抗抑郁效应。基于整合生物学理论,综述骨骼肌PGC-1α在运动抗抑郁中的重要作用及其介导机制,提出PGC-1α介导的外周—中枢"对话"模式。针对其他神经退行性疾病的运动干预作用,提出"肌脑Crosstalk"的可能途径。

Wnt与其他信号通路在胚胎发育过程中的crosstalk

在胚胎发育过程中,Wnt信号通路扮演了非常重要的角色。而很多情况下它都是与FGF、Notch、Hedgehog、TGF-β等其他几条重要的信号通路通过大量的crosstalk,相互协同来发挥作用的。对于非洲爪蟾胚胎早期发育的研究表明,FGF信号可以诱导产生p90^(rsk),一种核糖体S6蛋白激酶,而这种激酶可以磷酸化GSK-3β的丝氨酸-9残基,导致GSK-3β失活,并以此来调节Wnt信号,共同控制胚胎发育过程。

Progress and Research on Interconnects Crosstalk in Deep Submicron Technology

As develops in deep sub micron designs,the interconnect crosstalk becomes much more serious.Espe cially, the coupling inductance can not be ignored in gigahertz designs.So shield insertion is an efficient technique to reduce the inductive noise.In this paper,the characteristics of on chip mutual inductance (as well as self) for coplanar,micro stripline and stripline structures are introduced first.Then base on the coplanar interconnect structures,the effective coupling K eff model and the RLC explicit noise model are proposed respectively.The results of experiments show that these two models both have high fidelity.

A Novel Interconnect Crosstalk Parallel RLC Analyzable Model Based on the 65nm CMOS Process

Based on the 65nm CMOS process,a novel parallel RLC coupling interconnect analytical model is presented synthetically considering parasitical capacitive and parasitical inductive effects. Applying function approximation and model order-reduction to the model, we derive a closed-form and time-domain waveform for the far-end crosstalk of a victim line under ramp input transition. For various interconnect coupling sizes, the proposed RLC coupling analytical model enables the estimation of the crosstalk voltage within 2.50% error compared with Hspice simulation in a 65nm CMOS process. This model can be used in computer-aided-design of nanometer SOCs.

Tumor-stroma crosstalk对肝细胞癌中肝星状细胞氨基酸代谢水平的影响

目的探讨tumor-stroma crosstalk对肝星状细胞(HSC)氨基酸代谢的影响。方法分别培养人肝癌细胞系HepG2、Hep3B、Huh7,以及LX-2 HSC。分别使用LX-2 HSC条件培养基(LX2-CM)和HepG2、Hep3B、Huh7肝癌细胞混合条件培养基(Hep-CM)培养HSC,并收集细胞上清,应用氨基酸分析仪检测细胞上清氨基酸谱变化。计量资料组间比较采用t检验。结果HSC氨基酸代谢水平改变情况,与对照组(LX2-CM)相比,实验组(Hep-CM)上清中瓜氨酸(t=3. 426,P=0. 027)、缬氨酸(t=2. 892,P=0. 045)、异亮氨酸(t=4. 224,P=0. 013)、亮氨酸(t=4. 150,P=0. 014)、酪氨酸(t=3. 556,P=0. 024)、苯丙氨酸(t=4. 023,P=0. 016)、赖氨酸(t=3. 369,P=0. 028)水平降低,差异均有统计学意义。结论肿瘤微环境中,tumor-stroma crosstalk可以影响HSC的氨基酸代谢水平,这种改变可能反过来促使肝癌细胞更加适应低氧微环境。

Crosstalk Estimation and Optimization in Deep Sub-Micron VLSI

RLC model is used to estimate the coupling noise between interconnect wires and make some analysis through the simulation result. Based on the analysis conclusion,some algorithms are developed to adjust the rou ting result with crosstalk constraint.

运动如何调控“肌-骨”Crosstalk分泌相关因子表达介导2型糖尿病的骨代谢

背景:2型糖尿病是因能量代谢紊乱导致的疾病。肌肉和骨骼在运动刺激条件下,通过其内分泌功能参与机体的能量代谢调控。目前,相关"肌-骨"Crosstalk介导运动调控2型糖尿病骨代谢作用机制的研究较少。目的:通过分析运动如何调控"肌-骨"Crosstalk分泌相关因子的表达水平,并作用于骨组织的病理原因,探讨基于"肌-骨"Crosstalk运动介导2型糖尿病骨代谢的作用机制。方法:检索知网(CNKI)、万方及PubMed等数据库2012年至2021年近10年的相关文献;中英文检索词为:运动,2型糖尿病,骨代谢,"肌-骨"Crosstalk,肌肉因子和exercise,type 2 diabetes mellitus,bone metabolism,"muscle-bone"Crosstalk,muscle factor。经过筛选后对纳入的50篇相关文献进行了分析探讨。结果与结论:肌肉骨骼中的生物活性因子,一部分以内分泌方式作用于骨骼,如肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin)、骨形态发生蛋白和肌肉素等;另一部分以旁分泌方式作用于骨骼,如胰岛素样生长因子1、白细胞介素6和鸢尾素等,参与骨代谢调节,平衡骨组织中成骨细胞的骨形成和破骨细胞的骨吸收,成为运动介导肌骨系统的信使因子。运动是调控能量代谢的重要手段,其介导的内部刺激变化能够引发肌细胞和骨细胞的信号应答,激活Wnt、BMP/Smads、转化生长因子β等信号通路,从而调节肌肉骨骼系统的内分泌功能,促进代谢适应,影响2型糖尿病骨代谢。

Crosstalk network among multiple inflammatory mediators in liver fibrosis

Liver fibrosis is the common pathological basis of all chronic liver diseases,and is the necessary stage for the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis.As one of pathogenic factors,inflammation plays a predominant role in liver fibrosis via communication and interaction between inflammatory cells,cytokines,and the related signaling pathways.Damaged hepatocytes induce an increase in proinflammatory factors,thereby inducing the development of inflammation.In addition,it has been reported that inflammatory response related signaling pathway is the main signal transduction pathway for the development of liver fibrosis.The crosstalk regulatory network leads to hepatic stellate cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine production,which in turn initiate the fibrotic response.Compared with the past,the research on the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has been greatly developed.However,the liver fibrosis mechanism is complex and many pathways involved need to be further studied.This review mainly focuses on the crosstalk regulatory network among inflammatory cells,cytokines,and the related signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory liver diseases.Moreover,we also summarize the recent studies on the mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis and clinical efforts on the targeted therapies against the fibrotic response.

Gut-lung crosstalk in pulmonary involvement with inflammatory bowel diseases

Pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction or hyper-reactivity occurs in association with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) more frequently than previously recognized.Emerging evidence suggests that subtle inflammation exists in the airways among IBD patients even in the absence of any bronchopulmonary symptoms,and with normal pulmonary functions. The pulmonary impairment is more pronounced in IBD patients with active disease than in those in remission. A growing number of case reports show that the IBD patients develop rapidly progressive respiratory symptoms after colectomy,with failure to isolate bacterial pathogens on repeated sputum culture,and often request oral corticosteroid therapy. All the above evidence indicates that the inflammatory changes in both the intestine and lung during IBD. Clinical or subclinical pulmonary inflammation accompanies the main inflammation of the bowel.Although there are clinical and epidemiological reports of chronic inflammation of the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa in IBD,the detailed mechanisms of pulmonaryintestinal crosstalk remain unknown. The lung has no anatomical connection with the main inflammatory site of the bowel. Why does the inflammatory process shift from the gastrointestinal tract to the airways? The clinical and subclinical pulmonary abnormalities,dysfunction,or hyper-reactivity among IBD patients need further evaluation. Here,we give an overview of the concordance between chronic inflammatory reactions in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract. A better understanding of the possible mechanism of the crosstalk among the distant organs will be beneficial in identifying therapeutic strategies for mucosal inflammatory diseases such as IBD and allergy.

The crosstalk between autophagy and ferroptosis:what can we learn to target drug resistance in cancer?

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation system that plays a dual role in cell death;thus,therapies targeting autophagy in cancer are somewhat controversial.Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death featured with the iron-dependent accumulation of lethal lipid ROS.This pathway is morphologically,biochemically and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death.Accumulating studies have revealed crosstalk between autophagy and ferroptosis at the molecular level.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms of ferroptosis and autophagy,and more importantly,their roles in the drug resistance of cancer.Numerous connections between ferroptosis and autophagy have been revealed,and a strong causal relationship exists wherein one process controls the other and can be utilized as potential therapeutic targets for cancer.The elucidation of when and how to modulate their crosstalk using therapeutic strategies depends on an understanding of the fine-tuned switch between ferroptosis and autophagy,and approaches designed to manipulate the intensity of autophagy might be the key.

Crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in hepatitis B virus infection

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.

Oestrogen-androgen crosstalk in the pathophysiology oferectile dysfunction

<abstract>Ageing in man is associated with a decline in testosterone following changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis. This may offset the physiologic equilibrium between oestrogen and androgen and at some point when the ratio of free testosterone to oestradiol reaches a critical level, the oestrogenic gonadotropin suppressive effect predominates with decreased release of FSH and LH. Adding to this endocrinal complexity is the continued peripheral conversion to oestradiol through aromatisation. Although the androgen deficiency is not the sole cause for impotence in the elderly, there is a gradual decrease in nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and spontaneous morning erections with ageing. Despite the age related increase in oestrogen levels, the information on the pathophysiological role of the 'female hormone' in erectile dysfunction has been scanty. Together with our identification of oestrogen receptors within the penile cavernosum, we have delineated dysfunctional changes on male erection mediated by oestradiol. These findings parallel the recent concerns over environmental oestrogens on fertility declines in young men. Oestrogenic activity is also present in plants and thereby in human diet. These phytoestrogens are structurally and functionally similar to oestradiol and more potent than the environmental oestrogenic chemicals such as organochlorine and phenolic compounds. Thus in the light of growing concerns of possible compromising effects on sexuality by endogenous and environmental oestrogens, we are faced with the scientific need to delineate their role on the mechanism of male erectile pathway in health and disease for clinical correlates and prognostics.

Brain-lung crosstalk: Implications for neurocritical care patients

Major pulmonary disorders may occur after brain injuries as ventilator-associated pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome or neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are key points for the management of brain-injured patients because respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation seem to be a risk factor for increased mortality, poor neurological outcome and longer intensive care unit or hospital length of stay. Brain and lung strongly interact via complex pathways from the brain to the lung but also from the lung to the brain. Several hypotheses have been proposed with a particular interest for the recently described "double hit" model. Ventilator setting in brain-injured patients with lung injuries has been poorly studied and intensivists are often fearful to use some parts of protective ventilation in patients with brain injury. This review aims to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of lung injuries in brain-injured patients, but also the impact of different modalities of mechanical ventilation on the brain in the context of acute brain injury.

Leptin-induced Notch and IL-1 signaling crosstalk in endometrial adenocarcinoma is associated with invasiveness and chemoresistance

BACKGROUND Obesity is a recognized risk factor for endometrial cancer (EmCa) and other cancer types. Leptin levels are significantly increased in obese individuals. Leptin-induced signaling crosstalk [Notch, Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and leptin outcome, NILCO] has been associated with breast cancer progression. This complex signaling crosstalk affects cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis and chemoresistance. NILCO expression was previously detected in human EmCa. However, it is unknown whether leptin regulates NILCO and alters EmCa’s response to chemotherapeutics. It is hypothesized that leptin induces NILCO and increases aggressiveness and chemoresistance in EmCa cells. AIM To determine whether leptin induces NILCO molecules in EmCa affecting cell proliferation, aggressiveness and chemoresistance. METHODS Leptin’s effects on the expression of NILCO molecules [mRNAs and proteins for Notch receptors (Notch1-4), ligands (JAG1 and DLL4) and downstream effectors (survivin, Hey2), and leptin (OB-R) and IL-1 (IL-1R tI) receptors] was examined in EmCa cells (type I: Ishikawa, and HEC-1A, and type II: An3Ca and KLE) using Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the effects of leptin on cell cycle, proliferation and cell invasion were determined using cytometric analysis (Cellometer Vision CBA system), MTT cell proliferation and Matrigel-based invasion assays, respectively. Inhibitors of leptin (nanoparticlebound leptin peptide receptor antagonist-2, IONP-LPrA2), IL-1 (anti-IL-1R tI antibody) and Notch (siRNA interference RNA) were used to investigate NILCO’s effects on cell proliferation and invasion. Leptin’s effects on Paclitaxel cytotoxicity in EmCa cells was determined by the CCK8 and Cellometer-based Annexin V assays. RESULTS For the first time it was shown that leptin is an inducer of Notch in EmCa. Experimental data suggest that leptin induced the expression of NILCO molecules, promoted proliferation and S- phase progression, and reduced Paclitaxel cytotoxicity on EmCa cells. Leptin’s effects were higher in type II EmCa cells. The progression of this more aggressive form of the disease is associated with obesity. Remarkably, the use of the leptin signaling antagonist, IONPLPrA2, re-sensitized EmCa cells to Paclitaxel. CONCLUSION Present data suggest the notion that leptin-induced NILCO could be a link between obesity and EmCa progression and chemoresistance. Most aggressive type II EmCa cells were higher sensitive to leptin, which appears to increase proliferation, cell cycle progression, aggressiveness, and chemoresistance to Paclitaxel. Therefore, leptin and NILCO could be novel therapeutic targets for type II EmCa, which does not have targeted therapy. Overall, IONP-LPrA2 has a potential as a novel adjuvant drug to enhance the effectiveness of type II EmCa chemotherapy.

Crosstalk elimination in multi-view autostereoscopic display based on polarized lenticular lens array

An autostereoscopic display composed of a directional backlight, an image display panel, a striped half-wave plate,and a polarized lenticular lens array is proposed. The directional backlight emitting the parallel light can redirect the cones of light to lenticular lens array and reduce the chromatic spatial-interference effect. The striped half-wave plate, located in front of the image display panel, transformed the polarization direction of the lights from the directional backlight into two mutually perpendicular directions. The polarized lenticular lens array not only can divide the light from the left and right view images to send to left and right eyes but also can reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic images. The proposed autostereoscopic display can produce high quality stereoscopic images without crosstalk at the optimal viewing distance.