The development of highly efficient non-precious-metal-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is imperative for promoting the large-scale application of electrochemical water splitting.Herein,nitro...The development of highly efficient non-precious-metal-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is imperative for promoting the large-scale application of electrochemical water splitting.Herein,nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped carbon nanorods encapsulated Mo_(2)C nanoparticles(Mo_(2)C@PNc)have been prepared by pre-phosphating treatment in combination of the coordination with polydopamine and the subsequent pyrolysis.The phosphating temperature has a significant effect on the content of phosphorus within the resultant Mo_(2)C@PNC,and the optimal catalyst delivers superior HER activity with the low overpotential of 104 mV at a current density of 10 mAcm^(-2) and good stability for 8 h,which has been theoretically demonstrated to originate from the synergistic effect between P doping and Mo_(2)C induced electron redistribution of nitrogen-doped carbon layer.展开更多
Subsurface soil water redistribution on the South African Tukulu, also referred as the Cutanic Luvisols in other countries, was evaluated following single run irrigation （20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates） in 90...Subsurface soil water redistribution on the South African Tukulu, also referred as the Cutanic Luvisols in other countries, was evaluated following single run irrigation （20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates） in 90 m furrows. Changes in soil water content （SWC） at three horizons were monitored using neutron water meter. Measurements were made every 10 m starting 5 m from the furrow inlet for 455 h. HYDRUS-2D software was used to estimate soil hydraulic parameters through inverse optimization algorithms for redistribution at the inlet, midpoint and furrow end. Optimized model parameters compared with initial estimates recorded satisfactory agreement between measured and predicted soil water content, despite spatial variability. Effective hydraulic conductivity （Keff） for 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile flow domains demonstrated linearity with SWC although inconsistencies under field conditions were inevitable. The underlying layer restricted gravity and augmented redistribution with Keff assuming a steeper gradient than normal. Conversion of KCff and soil water content into a ratio assisted in quantifying rate of redistribution at 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile depth. Vertical redistribution was found to be limited within the upper 600 mm depth thus providing the opportunity to develop furrow irrigation with confidence that water productivity is optimized.展开更多
This paper examines the effectiveness of redistribution policies under budget constraint considering government spending for the productivity improvement and effective demand. It shows that an asset-based redistributi...This paper examines the effectiveness of redistribution policies under budget constraint considering government spending for the productivity improvement and effective demand. It shows that an asset-based redistribution policy is not always effective under effective demand and budget constraint. However, the increase of effective demand because of an income-based redistribution improves employment, labor productivity, and wage rates because of increased government spending for productivity improvement as the results of saving rate from profit income show. A distinctive feature of this paper is considering effective demand with political aspects. Workers＇ demands on unemployment compensation depend on the demand and supply condition in the goods market. The model implicitly assumes that labor is strong enough to affect political institutions and social security system is prepared enough to affect goods market. Therefore, the model built in this research is applicable to Europe in the real world.展开更多
In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, doe...In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.展开更多
Using the 2007 input-output data and 2012 household survey data,this paper estimated the overall VAT and business tax burden of urban households in China on basis of the statutory tax rates,and then studied the redist...Using the 2007 input-output data and 2012 household survey data,this paper estimated the overall VAT and business tax burden of urban households in China on basis of the statutory tax rates,and then studied the redistribution effects of China’s recent VAT enlargement reform.We found that this reform improved the redistribution effects of VAT and business tax mainly through lowering the average tax burden and reducing the inequality within the bottom-income group,but the inequality among different income groups was not reduced considerably.Based on a simulation analysis,we finally suggested the reduction of applicable rates on necessities to improve the redistribution effects of VAT more effectively.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of dauricine on the irreversible platelet aggregability of patients with mitral stenosis (MS).Methods: Glycoprotein Ⅳ (GPⅣ ) and thrombospondin (TSP) levels on the membrane surfa...Objective: To investigate the effect of dauricine on the irreversible platelet aggregability of patients with mitral stenosis (MS).Methods: Glycoprotein Ⅳ (GPⅣ ) and thrombospondin (TSP) levels on the membrane surface of the stationary platelet or platelet activated by thrombin (0. 05 U/ml, 0. 1 U/ml,0. 5 U/ml, 1. 0 U/ml) in 16 patients with MS were measured with flow cytometric method and compared with those of the healthy (14 subjects). Results: The GPⅣ level of stationary platelet, the GPⅣ and TSP level of activated platelet in MS patients were higher than those in the healthy significantly (P < 0. 01,< 0. 05, < 0. 005 ), while the TSP level of stationary platelet in the patients was not different to the healthy (P > 0. 05). The GPⅣ redistribution on the activated platelet surface was apparently inhibited by dauricine (50 μmol/L, P < 0. 05 - 0. 005) and the release of TSP from intracellular α-granules was inhibited by dauricine only in the activated platelets induced by thrombin of low concentration (0. 05 U/ml and 0. 1 U/ml, P < 0. 05 - 0. 01 ), inhibiting effect was not found in those activated with high concentration of thrombin. Conclusion: The activity and reactivity to thrombin of platelets increased in MS patients, and dauricine was able to reduce the occurrence of the irreversible platelet aggregation in MS patients.Original article on CJIM(Chin) 1998; 18(8): 461展开更多
基金financially supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.531118010232 and No.202044011)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha(No.KQ2202146 and No.KQ2208259)the"Young Talent Support Plan"of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
文摘The development of highly efficient non-precious-metal-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is imperative for promoting the large-scale application of electrochemical water splitting.Herein,nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped carbon nanorods encapsulated Mo_(2)C nanoparticles(Mo_(2)C@PNc)have been prepared by pre-phosphating treatment in combination of the coordination with polydopamine and the subsequent pyrolysis.The phosphating temperature has a significant effect on the content of phosphorus within the resultant Mo_(2)C@PNC,and the optimal catalyst delivers superior HER activity with the low overpotential of 104 mV at a current density of 10 mAcm^(-2) and good stability for 8 h,which has been theoretically demonstrated to originate from the synergistic effect between P doping and Mo_(2)C induced electron redistribution of nitrogen-doped carbon layer.
文摘Subsurface soil water redistribution on the South African Tukulu, also referred as the Cutanic Luvisols in other countries, was evaluated following single run irrigation （20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates） in 90 m furrows. Changes in soil water content （SWC） at three horizons were monitored using neutron water meter. Measurements were made every 10 m starting 5 m from the furrow inlet for 455 h. HYDRUS-2D software was used to estimate soil hydraulic parameters through inverse optimization algorithms for redistribution at the inlet, midpoint and furrow end. Optimized model parameters compared with initial estimates recorded satisfactory agreement between measured and predicted soil water content, despite spatial variability. Effective hydraulic conductivity （Keff） for 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile flow domains demonstrated linearity with SWC although inconsistencies under field conditions were inevitable. The underlying layer restricted gravity and augmented redistribution with Keff assuming a steeper gradient than normal. Conversion of KCff and soil water content into a ratio assisted in quantifying rate of redistribution at 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile depth. Vertical redistribution was found to be limited within the upper 600 mm depth thus providing the opportunity to develop furrow irrigation with confidence that water productivity is optimized.
文摘This paper examines the effectiveness of redistribution policies under budget constraint considering government spending for the productivity improvement and effective demand. It shows that an asset-based redistribution policy is not always effective under effective demand and budget constraint. However, the increase of effective demand because of an income-based redistribution improves employment, labor productivity, and wage rates because of increased government spending for productivity improvement as the results of saving rate from profit income show. A distinctive feature of this paper is considering effective demand with political aspects. Workers＇ demands on unemployment compensation depend on the demand and supply condition in the goods market. The model implicitly assumes that labor is strong enough to affect political institutions and social security system is prepared enough to affect goods market. Therefore, the model built in this research is applicable to Europe in the real world.
文摘In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.
文摘Using the 2007 input-output data and 2012 household survey data,this paper estimated the overall VAT and business tax burden of urban households in China on basis of the statutory tax rates,and then studied the redistribution effects of China’s recent VAT enlargement reform.We found that this reform improved the redistribution effects of VAT and business tax mainly through lowering the average tax burden and reducing the inequality within the bottom-income group,but the inequality among different income groups was not reduced considerably.Based on a simulation analysis,we finally suggested the reduction of applicable rates on necessities to improve the redistribution effects of VAT more effectively.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of dauricine on the irreversible platelet aggregability of patients with mitral stenosis (MS).Methods: Glycoprotein Ⅳ (GPⅣ ) and thrombospondin (TSP) levels on the membrane surface of the stationary platelet or platelet activated by thrombin (0. 05 U/ml, 0. 1 U/ml,0. 5 U/ml, 1. 0 U/ml) in 16 patients with MS were measured with flow cytometric method and compared with those of the healthy (14 subjects). Results: The GPⅣ level of stationary platelet, the GPⅣ and TSP level of activated platelet in MS patients were higher than those in the healthy significantly (P < 0. 01,< 0. 05, < 0. 005 ), while the TSP level of stationary platelet in the patients was not different to the healthy (P > 0. 05). The GPⅣ redistribution on the activated platelet surface was apparently inhibited by dauricine (50 μmol/L, P < 0. 05 - 0. 005) and the release of TSP from intracellular α-granules was inhibited by dauricine only in the activated platelets induced by thrombin of low concentration (0. 05 U/ml and 0. 1 U/ml, P < 0. 05 - 0. 01 ), inhibiting effect was not found in those activated with high concentration of thrombin. Conclusion: The activity and reactivity to thrombin of platelets increased in MS patients, and dauricine was able to reduce the occurrence of the irreversible platelet aggregation in MS patients.Original article on CJIM(Chin) 1998; 18(8): 461
