Hierarchical multicast with inter-layer random network coding

To maximize the aggregate throughput achieved in heterogeneous networks, this paper investigates inter-session network coding for the distribution of layered source data. We define inter-layer hierarchical random linear network codes （IHRLNC）, which not only take the flexibility of intersession network coding for layer mixing but also consider the strict priority inherent in the layered source data. Furthermore, we propose the inter-layer hierarchical multicast （IHM）, which performs IHRLNC in the network such that each sink can recover some source layers according to its individu- al capacity. To determine the optimal type of IHRLNC that should be performed on each edge in IHM, we formulate an optimization problem based on 0-1 integer linear programming, and propose a heuristic approach to approximate the optimal solution in polynomial time. Simulation results show that the proposed IHM can achieve throughput gains over the layered muhicast schemes.

Rayleigh scattering studies on inter-layer interactions in structure-defined individual double-wall carbon nanotubes

Although the inter-layer coupling in layered materials has attracted considerable interest due to its importance in determining physical properties of two- dimensional systems, studies on the inter-layer coupling in one-dimensional systems have so far been limited. Double-wall carbon nanotubes （DWCNTs） are one of the most fundamental and ideal model systems to study the interqayer coupling in one-dimensional systems. In this work, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the electronic transition between inner-and outer-nanotubes of the exactly same individual DWCNT. We find that the interqayer coupling is strong, leading to downshifts in most of the optical transition energies （up to -0.2 eV） compared to isolated CNTs. We also find that the presence of metallic tubes lead to stronger shifts. The inter-layer screening of Coulomb interactions is one of the key factors in explaining the observed results.

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al-Cu alloy

Wire-arc additive manufacture(WAAM)has great potential for manufacturing of Al-Cu components.However,inferior mechanical properties of WAAM deposited material restrict its industrial application.Inter-layer cold rolling and thermo-mechanical heat treatment(T8)with pre-stretching deformation between solution and aging treatment were adopted in this study.Their effects on hardness,mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed and compared to the conventional heat treatment(T6).The results show that cold rolling increases the hardness and strengths,which further increase with T8 treatment.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 513 MPa and yield stress(YS)of 413 MPa can be obtained in the inter-layer cold-rolled sample with T8 treatment,which is much higher than that in the as-deposited samples.The cold-rolled samples show higher elongation than that of as-deposited ones due to significant elimination of porosity in cold rolling;while both the T6 and T8 treatments decrease the elongation.The cold rolling and pre-stretching deformation both contribute to the formation of dense and dispersive precipitatedθ′phases,which inhibits the dislocation movement and enhances the strengths;as a result,T8 treatment shows better strengthening effect than the T6 treatment.The strengthening mechanism was analyzed and it was mainly related to work hardening and precipitation strengthening.

Target Controllability of Multi-Layer Networks With High-Dimensional Nodes

This paper studies the target controllability of multilayer complex networked systems,in which the nodes are highdimensional linear time invariant(LTI)dynamical systems,and the network topology is directed and weighted.The influence of inter-layer couplings on the target controllability of multi-layer networks is discussed.It is found that even if there exists a layer which is not target controllable,the entire multi-layer network can still be target controllable due to the inter-layer couplings.For the multi-layer networks with general structure,a necessary and sufficient condition for target controllability is given by establishing the relationship between uncontrollable subspace and output matrix.By the derived condition,it can be found that the system may be target controllable even if it is not state controllable.On this basis,two corollaries are derived,which clarify the relationship between target controllability,state controllability and output controllability.For the multi-layer networks where the inter-layer couplings are directed chains and directed stars,sufficient conditions for target controllability of networked systems are given,respectively.These conditions are easier to verify than the classic criterion.

面向6G通信的多层低轨卫星网络路由算法

在面向6G的移动通信网络中,低轨卫星网络(LEO,Low Earth Orbit)运行高度低、时延小,可大范围部署实现全球广域低时延通信。当前低轨卫星星座正朝着多层轨道面发展,多层轨道的跨层链路增加了数据传输路径,但跨层轨间链路的频繁通断,增大了多层LEO网络层间路由选择的难度。为此提出了一种面向6G移动通信的多层LEO卫星网络路由算法。首先建立跨层链路,面向端到端传输时延和可靠性需求,分析影响跨层轨间链路频繁通断的因素,基于LEO卫星网络虚拟位置思想,选择卫星节点对建立可靠跨层链路;然后实现路由选择,基于所建立的跨层星间链路,采用时空演化图模型刻画动态网络拓扑,设计最短路径算法计算最佳传输路径。最后,构建三层卫星网络场景对所提算法进行仿真验证。结果表明,相对于现有方法,所提算法在端到端时延和可靠性均有明显提升。

煤层气直井储层堵塞原因分析及解堵措施应用

针对煤层气直井储层堵塞后气量难以恢复的问题,开展了储层堵塞原因及恢复措施的研究。通过对煤层气直井储层堵塞成因及生产特征分析,将储层堵塞分为三种类型:层间干扰型、排采不连续型、井间干扰型,针对不同原因导致的储层堵塞在进行压裂车解堵时应根据各自的是适应性进行选井和施工,同时尽可能增大措施规模和排量,提高措施见效率和单井产气量。本文提供的压裂车解堵技术,能够有效解决储层堵塞问题,提高储层堵塞井单井产气量。

基于层间邻域信息熵的时序网络节点重要性评估方法

为识别时序网络中的重要节点,提出基于层间邻域信息熵的时序网络节点重要性评估方法。受明显路径流网络模型的启发,该方法通过引入参数ω,融合节点在相邻时间快照的层间邻域拓扑信息,使用信息熵来刻画网络结构的复杂性,并且兼顾了相邻时间快照的全局拓扑信息。通过使用SIR传播模型、Kendall相关系数、以及Top-k指标来验证该方法的有效性与适用性,在6个真实数据集上与其他6种评估方法进行比较。实验结果表明,提出的方法能够更为有效的识别出时序网络中的重要节点,同时对重要性排名靠前的节点的识别更为准确;可根据时序网络的拓扑结构调整ω从而提升该方法的评估效果;该方法的时间复杂度仅为O(mn),适用于大型时序网络。

邻洞爆破下软弱夹层对洞库稳定性的影响研究

为了研究邻洞爆破下软弱夹层对压气储能洞库稳定性的影响,基于弹塑性损伤理论框架,采用COMSOL Multiphysics数值仿真,将储气过程视为静态过程,考虑了岩石的塑性变形机制和刚度退化,通过对等效塑性应变表征岩石损伤变量的演化研究,分析夹层厚度、倾角和位置对内衬洞室稳定性的影响。结果表明:①随着夹层厚度的增加,靠近夹层部分的衬砌塑性应变增量增加,且最靠近夹层处受夹层影响最大。②夹层倾角从30°增加至90°过程中,会增加洞室左侧塑性变形,当夹层倾角小于45°时,倾角改变对质点峰值摇动速度PPV最大值影响较小,而当夹层倾角大于45°后,PPV最大值随夹角增加显著增大。③夹层距离洞室边界小于0.2 r时,距离的增加使最靠近夹层处衬砌最大塑性应变增量显著下降;间距大于0.2 r时,最大塑性应变增量随间距增加的变化较小,对稳定性影响相对较小。研究成果可以为压缩空气储能洞库的设计和施工提供参考。

双层外立面对竖直向下火蔓延影响的实验研究

通过实验研究了层间效应对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯向下火蔓延特性的影响。在6组不同立面间距的条件下,对火焰高度、温度、质量损失速率和火蔓延速率等参数进行研究,建立了传热物理模型并进行理论分析,得到了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯在预热区和热解区的辐射、对流热反馈的函数表达式。实验结果表明:随着外立面之间间距的增大,火焰厚度减小,火焰形状发生不规则变化;质量损失速率的对数与火焰高度的对数呈线性关系;在间距不同的情况下,火焰的最高温度保持不变;随着间距的增加,火蔓延速率分3个阶段逐渐下降。理论分析表明:间距变化时,对流和辐射热反馈所占主导地位不同,当间距大于6 cm时,辐射热反馈几乎可以忽略不计,且理论分析与实验结果一致。

PVB夹层玻璃分层脱胶的失效分析研究

通过分析各类PVB夹层玻璃脱胶的案例,对其脱胶的原因进行了分类总结。总结了PVB夹层玻璃加工商和建筑安装中的一些注意事项,能有效避免夹层玻璃的分层脱胶问题。探究了杂质因素中玻璃碎渣对分层脱胶的影响、外力因素中钢化玻璃内应力以及使用夹紧装置对分层脱胶的影响、外部化学物质侵蚀因素中密封胶和封边剂对分层脱胶的影响、玻璃种类因素中彩釉玻璃和镀膜玻璃以及普通浮法玻璃两面的性质对分层脱胶的影响、PVB中间膜因素中膜片配方、树脂粉羟基含量、含水率以及黏结力调整剂对分层脱胶的影响、气候因素中热量、水分、盐分等不同气候对分层脱胶的影响。

基于层内和层间融合注意力的家族恶意域名检测

针对当前家族恶意域名检测方法在新出现或新变种恶意域名的检测方面仍存在精度低、漏报高等问题,提出一种基于层内和层间融合注意力的家族恶意域名检测的新方法。首先,利用深度自编码网络将域名集逐层编码压缩到空间特征中,并借助自注意力机制强化域名字符串中关键字符的表达能力;其次,利用交叉注意力建立双分支网络输入端的关联,促进分支间深层信息的交流;最后,计算待测域名映射特征与交互特征集之间的相似度对比。实验证明所设计方法的准确率为98.21%,该方法对保障网络安全、预防新型域名入侵攻击具有重要的现实意义。

构件抗力与多层钢框架结构抗倒塌能力的关联性分析

讨论构件抗力与结构抗力的关联性,分别给出不同结构参数下(层数与跨数)层间抗弯能力、层间水平约束以及大变形阶段层间极限轴力的计算模型。借助构件性能指标并结合各层构件的实际受力状态(包括拉弯、受弯和压弯),得到多层框架起始屈服抗力、最终屈服抗力与极限抗力的计算式。通过可靠的数值模型对多层钢框架模型抗力评估过程的3个步骤进行验证与分析。研究结果表明,多层框架层间内力主要体现为小变形阶段层间抗弯能力与大变形阶段层间轴力的差异;计算结果与数值结果较为接近,该理论方法可体现层间内力的相互作用并建立构件与结构抗力之间的关系,为多层钢框架抗倒塌能力的评估与计算提供参考。

Effects of heat input on layer heterogeneity of selective laser melting Ti-6Al-4V components

Due to the layer-by-layer manufacturing characteristics,metallurgical process of selective laser melting(SLM)is inherently dif-ferent in the building direction because of varying conditions,thereby resulting inter-layer heterogeneity.To mitigate such anisotropy,it is of great significance to understand the effects of processing parameters on the property evolution and thus metallurgy of fabrication process.This research proposes one-factor-at-a-time experiment to investigate the influences of laser power and scanning speed on the surface qual-ity,microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V parts.Surface quality is assessed by roughness around the printings while mechanical properties are evaluated through microhardness and tensile strengths.Phases in microstructure are quantified by XRD to correlate with mechanical properties.Fracture morphology is analyzed to understand the effect of defects and microstructure on mechanical performance.The optimized parameter corresponding to best surface quality and mechanical properties has been found respect-ively in laser power of 190 W and scanning speed of 800 mm/s.After optimization,surface roughness has decreased by 44.47%for upper surface.Yielding strength,tensile strength and elongation rate have improved by 13.17%,43.34%and 64.51%,respectively,with similar hardness and Young’s modulus.In addition,heterogeneity of mechanical properties has great improvement by a range of 31.63%-92.68%.

Seepage influence of supra-permafrost groundwater on thermal field of embankment on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

As a unique hydro-geological phenomenon in permafrost regions,the seepage of supra-permafrost groundwater will carry a large amount of heat and cause differential settlement in the embankment.This paper presents the results of a field study monitoring the supra-permafrost groundwater levels on both sides of an embankment in permafrost regions.It describes a two-dimensional coupled hydro-thermal model and uses it to analyze the influence of seepage on its temperature field considering climate warming.The results show that seepage exacerbates permafrost thawing and thickens the active layer.The thermal influence on the sunny side of the embankment toe is more significant than that on the shady side,which will cause differential settlement in the embankment.After 50 years of operation,the embankment soil temperature with seepage during freezing is 0.2
C warmer than that without seepage,and the thermal influence diminished with the increase in depth.Additionally,seepage influences the thermal regime in vertical and horizontal directions of the embankment.During freezing seasons,the thaw depth increases,and the horizontal thaw range decreases.During thawing seasons,the thaw range grows both vertically and horizontally.

一种中高轨混合的多层卫星骨干网络架构设计

卫星骨干网络将向宽带与中继融合方向发展,为陆、海、空、天基用户提供全球骨干传输、宽带接入、全域通联等服务。该文针对全域用户通联的新需求,创新采用“卫星骨干网络/全域用户接入”模型,提出一种具有层内、层间星间链路的中高轨混合的多层卫星骨干网络架构(3GEO+3IGSO/24MEO)。对该架构的全域覆盖性计算分析,得出该多层卫星骨干网络能够实现地球表面到地球同步轨道高度(约36000 km)全域100%覆盖,并为全域用户提供多重接入能力。进一步对路径数、最少跳数、最小时延等关键网络性能指标分析比较,说明了该架构中轨卫星与高轨卫星之间存在层间星间链路的必要性。分析结果表明:该架构能够满足全域宽带接入和全球骨干传输的需求。

中高轨天基骨干网络性能研究

基于中高轨多层骨干网络对空间用户服务的独特优势,其网络性能的研究得到广泛重视。现基于中高轨天基骨干网络对空间用户的接入性能进行研究。首先对中高轨天基骨干网络星间可视性进行建模分析,并对骨干网的空域覆盖性进行了仿真;其次对满足空域全覆盖的骨干节点转发器的配置个数及参数进行研究;最后从传输时延、转发器和节点复杂度三个方面对中高轨组成的四种骨干网架构的网络性能进行综合评价对比分析,并对综合评价函数的权重因子取值进行对比研究。结果表明,中高轨天基骨干网能实现全空域的双重覆盖;综合评价函数权重因子取值的不同会导致各天基骨干网架构性能优劣的不同,实际权重因子的取值由当前工程实际情况而定。以上研究可以为多层骨干网络设计提供借鉴。

面向医学图像层间插值的循环生成网络研究

由于受成像设备性能及辐射剂量等因素的限制,CT以及MRI图像序列的层间分辨率远低于层内分辨率,这极大地限制了医学图像的应用,如何有效提高医学图像序列的层间分辨率是一个亟待解决的问题。针对此问题,将医学图像转换成对应的二值图像,实现对连续医学图像序列简单且流畅的层间插值处理,提出一种医学图像层间插值循环生成网络。该网络由2个模块构成:图像转换模块设计包含9个残差块和2个双线性上采样模块的生成器子网络实现有效的图像转换,然后通过该模块学习到的双向非线性映射能力实现医学图像和其对应二值图像之间的循环映射;插值模块将运动估计和图像生成合并到单个卷积步骤中,并构造一个适于医学图像特征的二值图Charbonnier差损失函数进一步提高图像清晰度,完成对二值图像序列的插值处理。在5个多类型数据集上的实验结果表明,生成图像的平均峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构相似性(SSIM)均优于先进对比方法,在图像边缘、轮廓等细节信息的处理上更加出色。

基于预测滤波的层间多次波衰减方法

在地震勘探中由于与反射信号时差小,层间多次波在近偏移距难以完全去除。地震剖面道集上近偏移距多次波的存在增加了反演的多解性,此外多次波在叠加剖面上形成的假反射也增加了解释的误差。提出一种基于预测滤波的层间多次波衰减方法,首先通过倾角滤波衰减中远偏移距的多次波,然后将含有残留的层间多次波的道集按照随机顺序排序,最后应用预测滤波方法按照随机干扰去除剩余的层间多次波。经实际数据检验,本方法对近偏移距小时差层间多次波具有良好的衰减效果。

水利枢纽工程坝体横缝渗水成因综合检测研究

为解决水利枢纽工程溢流坝边墩横缝渗水问题,保障工程安全稳定运行,利用钻孔内录像、抽注水试验、压水试验、声波CT、水下摄像等手段对溢流坝段边墩横缝渗水成因进行了综合检测分析。检测成果表明:边墩横缝上游铜止水在155.0~157.5 m高程之间、下游铜止水在159.0 m高程附近存在破损,边墩坝体在160.5 m高程附近存在明显的层间缝,且与横缝和上游面联通。分析结果表明:横缝上、下游止水破损是边墩横缝渗水的主要原因,坝段混凝土存在的层间缝是横缝渗水的次要原因。渗水原因明确后,采用化学灌浆对渗水部位进行处理,处理后横缝止水效果显著,验证了渗水成因检测手段科学合理,检测成果可靠,处理措施可行,可为类似工程渗水成因检测及处理提供借鉴与参考。

一种考虑层间干扰的多层合采油藏水驱采收率预测方法

考虑层间干扰研究多层合采油藏各层水驱采收率变化规律,对制定油田开发调整政策具有重要意义。联合BuckleyLeverett水驱理论和Welge水驱方程,推导了考虑层间渗流阻力干扰的多层合采油藏水驱采收率计算方法。该方法通过各层渗流阻力差异体现层间干扰程度即注入端各层吸水量系数值,针对各层的注入量采用水驱油理论和物质平衡原理建立水驱采收率计算式,循环迭代计算各小层的渗流阻力、吸水量和水驱指标(含水饱和度、含水率、水驱波及系数及采收率),可以预测各小层水驱采收率与累积注入量关系。该方法应用于渤海QHD油田高含水期开发调整,首次在海上采取大规模水平井联合定向井分层系开发模式,通过实施开发调整,各主力层采油速度由0.5%~0.8%提高至1.9%~2.2%,采收率由10.4%~22.4%提高至26.5%~37.9%,极大改善了油田开发效果。应用实例表明,该方法计算简便且具有较高的准确性和实用性,可真实反映多层合采油藏水驱过程中高、中、低渗层(低、中、高黏层)之间的干扰程度及其对水驱采收率的影响。