IOPS:computational graph optimization based on inter-operators parallel scheduling

To improve the inference efficiency of convolutional neural networks(CNN),the existing neural networks mainly adopt heuristic and dynamic programming algorithms to realize parallel scheduling among operators.Heuristic scheduling algorithms can generate local optima easily,while the dynamic programming algorithm has a long convergence time for complex structural models.This paper mainly studies the parallel scheduling between operators and proposes an inter-operator parallelism schedule(IOPS)scheduling algorithm that guarantees the minimum similar execution delay.Firstly,a graph partitioning algorithm based on the largest block is designed to split the neural network model into multiple subgraphs.Then,the operators that meet the conditions is replaced according to the defined operator replacement rules.Finally,the optimal scheduling method based on backtracking is used to schedule the computational graph.Network models such as Inception-v3,ResNet-50,and RandWire are selected for testing.The experimental results show that the algorithm designed in this paper can achieve a 1.6×speedup compared with the existing sequential execution methods.

Inter-Operator Interference Coordination for CoPrimary Spectrum Sharing in UDN

Co-primary spectrum sharing for multiple operators has been utilized to fully explore the spectrum resources and thus improve the spectrum efficiency. The inter-operator interference(IOI) problem should be seriously considered in order to achieve the mentioned target, especially under the scenario of the ultradense network(UDN) in the fifth generation(5G) wireless systems. To solve this problem, we propose an asymmetrical power levels based soft IOI coordination mechanism. The shared spectrum pool is consisted of three separated parts, where each part can be dynamically adjusted according to the minimal spectrum demand from each operator. Furthermore, different power masks are configured to different parts for each operator. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the network spectrum efficiency significantly.

Resolution for Conflicts of Inter-Operation in Multi-Domain Environment

This paper proposes a method to formalize the interoperation in multi-domain environment. Through employing the algebra method, we conclude four types of the conflicts for the interoperation, and analyzes the cause of the policy conflicts. For each type of conflicts, we formalize it and proposes the method of detection and resolution. Finally, the method is illuminated be effective through comparing our work with others.

Time-Based Dynamic Trust Model Using Ant Colony Algorithm

The trust in distributed environment is uncertain, which is variation for various factors. This paper introduces TDTM, a model for time-based dynamic trust. Every entity in the distribute environment is endowed with a trust-vector, which figures the trust intensity between this entity and the others. The trust intensity is dynamic due to the time and the inter-operation between two entities, a method is proposed to quantify this change based on the mind of ant colony algorithm and then an algorithm for the transfer of trust relation is also proposed. Furthermore, this paper analyses the influence to the trust intensity among all entities that is aroused by the change of trust intensity between the two entities, and presents an algorithm to resolve the problem. Finally, we show the process of the trusts＇ change that is aroused by the time＇s lapse and the inter-operation through an instance.

Micropulse laser trabeculoplasty under maximal tolerable glaucoma eyedrops:treatment effectiveness and impact of surgical expertise

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty(MLT)for eyes with open angle glaucoma(OAG)under maximal tolerable glaucoma eyedrops and to assess the effect of expertise performing MLT on its clinical effectiveness.METHODS:Medical records of 42 consecutive eyes of 34 patients diagnosed with OAG who underwent MLT were retrospectively reviewed.The effectiveness was determined using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Failure was defined as an intraocular pressure(IOP)reduction of<20%from baseline,an IOP>21 mm Hg during two consecutive follow-up visits,or surgical intervention for OAG.To determine the impact of MLT surgical expertise on clinical effectiveness,the eyes were divided into two groups according to whether the procedure was conducted by an experienced specialist(defined as a glaucoma specialist who had conducted at least ten MLT procedures)or a less experienced glaucoma specialist.The difference in expertise was determined using a log-rank test.RESULTS:MLT was conducted by three glaucoma specialists.The overall survival rates were 0.76,0.48,and 0.44 at 1,3,and 6 mo,respectively.The survival rates for MLT performed by a less experienced glaucoma specialist were 0.62,0.31,and 0.25(n=21 eyes)at 1,3,and 6 mo,respectively,whereas the survival rates for MLT performed by an experienced glaucoma specialist were 0.90,0.64,and 0.64(n=21 eyes)at 1,3,and 6 mo,respectively.The log-rank test showed a significant difference in the survival curves of the two groups(P=0.0061).CONCLUSION:The 6-month effectiveness of MLT for controlling IOP is relatively limited in eyes with OAG using maximal tolerable glaucoma eyedrops.However,its effectiveness may be improved if performed by a glaucoma specialist with sufficient MLT experience.

EB XML Modeler and SMART XML Storage Theory

Current electronic business activities involve a vast number of trading partners and different electronic documents.Usually different enterprises use different document formats.This is the well-understood problem of the lack of information interoperability between applications in the e-business arena.It is required to construct an enterprise information model to harmonize different system data structures into a unified data structure.The purpose of this paper is to develop an E-Business information modeler,which will be a good tool to exchange the information between different business enterprises.This is a new approach to the well-understood problem of the lack of information interoperability between applications in the e-business arena.It will be a more flexible and interoperable way of standardizing Business Semantics.During the transformation,SMART theory is widely used in our system.SMART is meta-model to formally specify information structures in object orientation.It provides an object-oriented environment to express the canonical information model with one semantic structure,that is,class.SMART consists of a collection of views:there is a core view which we called canonical view,and also there are many different kinds of views around the core view.We can transform the core view to the around view as we need.

Inter-operator spectrum sharing scheme for reconfigurable system

Bargaining based mechanism for sharing spectrum between radio access networks （RANs） belonging to multioperators is studied, to improve spectrum utilization efficiency and maximize network revenue. By introducing an intelligent agent, each RAN has the ability, which includes trading information exchanging, final decision making, and so on, to trade the spectrum with other RANs. The proposed inter-operator spectrum sharing mechanism is modeled as an infinite-horizon bargaining game with incomplete information, and the resulting bargaining game has unique sequential equilibrium. Consequently, the implementation is refined based on the analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the conventional fixed spectrum management （FSM） method in network revenue, spectrum efficiency, and call blocking rate.

Inter-operator radio interface based synchronization

The fourth generation （4G） wireless communication systems have been deployed or are soon to be deployed in many countries. However, with an .explosion of wireless mobile devices and services, there ~are still some challenges that cannot be accommodated even by the 4G, such as the spectrum crisis and inter-cell interference. Telecom operators have turned to commit themselves to share available resources, including hardware and software resources. Therefore, with the mutual infrastructure, the ＇integration＇ should be highlighted, especially in the fifth generation （5G） wireless systems that are expected to be deployed beyond 2020. The authors in the article proposed a potential cellular architecture, and discussed the inter-operator radio interface based synchronization （RIBS） for the 5G wireless communication systems. A scheme of inter-operator RIBS and typical scenarios, along with the analysis of the corresponding interference were given. Analysis of the shared parameters, signaling coordination of inter-operator RIBS and listening reference signal （RS） design for RIBS were also carried out.