An Analysis of the Current State of Civil Society Participation in Ensuring the National Security of Mongolia

In this article, the researchers tried to evaluate the contribution of civil society to Mongolian democracy and the problems faced by civil society. In addition, the article aimed to determine the unique national criteria of Mongolian democracy and the need to create an organization to monitor the process of democracy. The process of identifying important documents and ideals for the development of Mongolian civil society today is still in its early stages. It can be said that the approval of the democratic constitution and the first free and fair parliamentary elections as a country that has newly and restored democracy became another impetus for the creation of a new type of citizen organization. It is characterized by trying to study the changes that have occurred since this historical period at the intersection of political science and security studies. One of the most important issues today is to find out how many non-governmental and civil society organizations exist in Mongolia today, which are Western-oriented, focused on specific issues, have their own position and opinion, are specialized, and are capable of influencing government policy. On the other hand, in this article, we emphasize whether non-governmental and civil society organizations, which aim to hold the government accountable, and carry out influence and control activities, are fully developed.

“民间”、“民间社会”和CIVIL SOCIETY———CIVIL SOCIETY概念再检讨

试图从一种解释的立场重新考虑中国的“civilsociety”问题 ,据此 ,中国“civilsociety”之出现或者重现将被置于一个有着悠久传统的本土背景之下 ,并被从社会行动者主观的方面来理解。然而 ,这种研究立场的转变并不意味着简单地拒绝考虑和使用“civilsociety”概念 ,毋宁说 ,它要求以更恰当更有效的方式来运用这一概念。学者们已经注意并且区分了“civilsociety”概念的不同用法 ,其中 ,“描述性的”和“规范性的”是两种最基本的区分。不过在本文中 ,“civilsociety”将首先被看成是一种“对照性的”的概念 ,而且除非这一概念的“对照性”用法已被充分地了解和运用 ,否则要在中国语境中恰当地展示其分析性和规范性意义几乎是不可能的。作者强调历史记忆以及在理解和建构社会现实过程中行动者认知和想象的重要性 ,同时也从社会变迁角度指出诸如“民间”这类本土概念的局限性 ,认为“民间”的传统终须被超越 。

The role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in healthcare delivery system: A case study of child immunisation in Kabarole district, Uganda

Background: The importance of civil society organisations in health care delivery systems cannot be under-rated in sub-SaharanAfricaand other developing nations worldwide. Civil society organisations play a central role in service delivery and development of democracy. However, little is known about the roles and achievements of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in healthcare. The study aimed at exploring the role of civil society organisations in health care delivery system particularly in children immunization. Methods: A questionnaire survey involving 282 households was conducted. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics followed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Ninety seven percent (97%) confirmed that CSOs/NGOs healthcare facilities played a major role in healthcare service delivery. 84% travelled long distances to access the healthcare services including child immunisation services. Travelling long distances (>2 km) to access for health care services including immunization compared to short distance (<1 km) (OR = 0.4, P = 0.0001), possessing a food stores (enguli) compared to not having a food store (enguli) (OR = 2.3, P = 0.002), having separate animal houses compared to not having livestock houses (OR = 0.09, P = 0.0001), and owning a bicycle compared to not having a bicycle (OR = 2.2, P = 0.005) are important determinants for the number of clients at CSO health centers. Further, possessing and using a cellphone compared to no cellphone (OR = 3.7, P = 0.001), Possessing and watching a television compared to not having a television (OR = 2.4, P = 0.002), educated compared to not acquiring any formal education (OR = 0.084, P = 0.0001), and female compared to male respondent (OR = 0.49, P = 0.0045) are other most important factors likely to determine the numbers of clients at the CSO healthcare. Conclusion: Geographies of CSO and community socioeconomics strongly determine the operations and the roles played by the CSO healthcare services in Uganda. Further studies to assess the role of CSO health service providers in other healthcare services need to be done.

Construction of Meaning Scheme in Community Strategic Planning of Civil Society

This research aimed to examine problems in building up local development plan,construct new meaning scheme of community strategic planning of civil society,and identify strategic guidelines for grassroots economic development.Key informants were 145 representatives of civil society from 102 communities in Trang Province,Thailand.Research instruments were dialogue forums which encouraged the key informants to reveal their own experiences in public hearings.Data were analyzed by using interpretation of their own experiences in order to construct new meaning scheme from them.Findings revealed that the problems of previous community strategic plan facilitated by governmental organizations had less concern towards people’s self-reliance and participation to determine their own community future.Civil society participated in construction of new meaning scheme of local development by setting direction concerning existing local assets;e.g.marine resources,mountains,forests and paddy fields.Meanwhile,local people were harmoniously living among diversified cultural and ethnical differences like Buddhists,Muslims,Chinese-Thais,and local ethnic groups.External factors that weakened local capacity are consumerism in today’s society,and governmental mechanism was not conformed to local development.All developmental budgets were arranged by government organizations.Thus,new meaning scheme to development is setting up the directions of local development based on peaceful and strong relationship of community people including reservation of natural and cultural diversity.Furthermore,civil society’s role should be strengthened and reset,while government organizations act as facilitators instead of being commanders.The strategic guidelines included:promoting occupational capacity for small-and medium-sized community enterprises to gain more opportunity in economic space of local wisdom products,conserving the natural resources and bio-diversity,developing physical environment and city plan to support tourism,providing non-formal education to empower intellectual capability of local community leaders,and developing community-based tourism to gain additional income based on the historical and cultural strengths.

Changes in Citizen Participation in Japanese Civil Society

Japan experienced the retrenchment of the welfare state. The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of the impact these policy changes had on citizens’ organized activities. It focused on the 2016 revision of Long-Term Care Insurance （LTCI） system, which urged citizens to organize activities to support the frail seniors in their communities. Researchers conducted interviews in the Tokyo from February-March 2016. The subjects were six local officers in charge of LTCI implementation and 10 community members who led the voluntary activities organized as a response to the 2016 systemic revision. This study found that those leading voluntary activities were primarily baby boomers, who were born between 1947 and 1949. They were actively involved in “new voluntary activity movements” in the 1980s, as interacting with a wide range of citizens. However, as they reached the age of 65 or older, they became more focused on developing a comfortable space and collaborating with those similar to them： those who were college graduates, middle- to upper-class, and held white-collar jobs. The disparity based on income level seemed to be emphasized also because the way the 2016 revision of LTCI system was designed.

Integrated Civil Society Organizations System

The integrated Civil Society Organizations(iCSO)System,developed by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs(DESA),facilitates interactions between civil society organizations and DESA.The system

Pool Civil Wisdom to Assist Social Development——Sidelights of Civil Society 20 China

Civil Society 20 China 2016(C20)was successfully convened in Qingdao on July 5th and 6th.Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a message of congratulations to the Conference.State Councilor Yang Jiechi attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.Sun Jiazheng,Vice-Chairman of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of China

BRICS POLITICAL PARTIES, THINK TANKS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS TO CEMENT COOPERATION

The BRICS political parties,think tanks and civil society organizations Forum was held in Fuzhou,capital of southeast China’s Fujian Province,June 11-12,2017.The forum drew over 400 participants from BRICS and other developing countries.Heads of political parties,think tanks and civil society organiza-

Design of an Interactive Geo-Location Mobile Application for Civil Societies in East Africa

This paper reports the developed mobile application through the use of advanced technologies such as mobile computing, cloud computing and Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to solve the challenges. The purpose of this study is to find out how the recent advances and mass adoption of ICT by the public can best be leveraged to enhance the performance of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in East Africa. The data collection techniques used are through questionnaires, observations and conducting interviews with different stakeholders in the civil society arena i.e., the donors, the CSOs and the people in society that are given a voice by civil societies. In the system development phase, agile development methodology was used. Analysis of the data collected showed that there is a gap in the availability of a single or a centralized platform which can be easily accessed, user-friendly and reliable where different actors can readily get reliable and up-to-date information about the available CSOs they are interested in. To address this problem, an interactive online directory of CSOs has been developed. The platform is mobile based and enables CSOs to register and fill up their current details, thus ensuring that there is always correct and updated information. The platform is equipped with, among other features, a geo-mapping facility which enables users of the system to correctly geo-locate their civil societies of interest on a map view. The results of system evaluation showed that 88.125% of users were satisfied with the system basing on the evaluation criteria.

Development of China’s Media Industry & Building of Civil Society

Historical changes have taken place in China under the reform-and-opening-up policy over the past three decades. Changes in China＇s social and economic structures, cultural scenes and social operations are revolutionary. The Chinese people, who account for one fifth of the human race, are working hard to bring about a national reiuvanation.

Civil Society to Be More Active in Human Rights Affairs

Nobody can become an expert on the United Nations in one week. But a week-long training workshop on international human fights treaties in Geneva, Switzerland may herald more active participation of China＇s civil society in the country＇s commitment to these principles.

人类文明形态演进的生命辩证法

马克思的世界观实现了相对于旧哲学世界观的革命性变革,这就是把价值论的维度引入世界观,从而不仅回答了“世界是什么”的本体论问题,而且回答了“世界向何处去”的价值论问题。按照马克思的世界观,人类文明形态的演进本质上是人类这一物种寻求永生的过程。于是,世界历史进程便表现为人类文明形态不断演进的过程。文明形态的演进遵循辩证法原理,而人类通过文明形态的演进,展现了人类独特的生命活动形式,即生命辩证法。共产主义社会文明形态实现了人类文明中“自然法则”和“理性法则”的辩证统一,使人类这一物种的永久生存成为可能。

“文明以止,人文化成”与“人的自由而全面发展”的内在契合性

文明以止,人文化成,是中华文明最具特色的文化基因。这一基因携带着中华文明传承的主要特征和基本功能的核心信息,决定着中华文明生命体的基本构造和基本走向,与历史唯物主义能动地结合,谱写了历史唯物主义的新篇章。历史唯物主义的创新性发展在于创造了具有确定内涵的“文明新形态”,将经济、政治、社会、文化与生态融为一体,将物质生产活动、精神生产活动与制度生产活动融为一体,创造性地传承中华文明“人文化成”的优秀遗产,为真正全面地占有“人的本质”,实现每个人自由而全面的发展提供了符合中国历史与现实的具体方案,开辟了切实可行的路径。

未来社会视野中马克思恩格斯文明塑造思想的历史自觉性探析

未来社会是马克思恩格斯所要实现与追求的有别于旧的社会和旧的时代的理想目标,它体现着马克思恩格斯所主张倡导的人类文明将要走向新的进程和篇章的观点。在未来社会中,人的历史主体作用表现在不断将整个人类发展与自然客观进程作为一个动态的、不息的、永无止境的过程,以动态的历史自觉性发现世界与人的本质价值,在动态的价值开掘利用过程中永不停息地扩展提升人与自然世界的一切有利价值。马克思恩格斯未来社会文明塑造思想的历史自觉性是历史主体对于世界文学的动态价值追求,对于世界本质的动态价值发现,对于人的本质的动态价值塑造,从而以动态的进程提升历史主体与历史客体的实践历史价值。

民事诉讼现代化标准判识

民事诉讼现代化是我国民事诉讼发展的方向性命题。民事诉讼现代化首先需要解决其现代化的标准为何。否则,民事诉讼现代化的推进就没有方向。民事诉讼现代化的基本标准主要包括五个方面:一是民事诉讼与现代社会的契合;二是民事诉讼与民事权利及体系发展的契合;三是强化民事诉讼的程序保障;四是实现民事诉讼的体系化;五是民事诉讼的科技化。民事诉讼的现代化应当主要围绕这几个方面展开和推进。实现民事诉讼现代化的有效路径是通过借鉴域外国家、地区现代民事诉讼制度,充分结合我国国情,实现中国式民事诉讼的现代化。

合规驱动:民行刑协同共治数字经济安全风险防范体系构建

作为一种新兴经济业态,数字经济的数据信息安全领域、技术运行安全领域、产业竞争安全领域受到民法、行政法以及刑法等不同法律部门的调整,具有全景化风险性和多重违法性特征。为激发数字经济市场活力、提高国家数字经济治理能力,须在合规制度的驱动下搭建民行刑协同化数字经济安全风险防范体系:运用风险分级分类防范的方法,构建“领域融贯的民行刑协同共治数字经济安全风险防范体系”,运用技术和管理的风险防范手段,构建“技管结合的民行刑协同共治数字经济安全风险防范体系”,最终通过合规驱动建构“三效合一的数字经济安全风险防范体系”,实现数字经济安全风险“事前预防、事中控制、事后治理”的立体防范效果。

中国现代伦理形态的发展与建构——基于梁启超新民伦理的研究

随着西方现代思想理论在中国近代场域的深入传播,梁启超展开了对中国传统伦理道德观念的反思性审视,开启了寻求社会现代化和新民人格的实践探索。梁启超主张伦理观念应当积极适应现代社会的发展需求,强调传统儒家伦理学和现代西方伦理学之间的文明互鉴。梁启超的新民伦理含有三个维度的伦理观念,即“国家认同类”“社会合群类”和“个人自觉类”,且三个维度的价值取向之间互补相通,形成了一个立体而有深度的伦理观念体系。这些思想智慧共同构建了一个具有包容性、平衡性和全面性的伦理体系,有助于指导个体在中国近代复杂的伦理抉择中找到契合的实践方向。梁启超关于新民伦理的思考与探索,对中国近代伦理道德的完善以及中国近代社会生活的革新产生了深远影响,对现代伦理话语的推进以及现代伦理理论的建构给予了重要启示。

市民社会与共同体——基于《穆勒评注》的文本研究

本文基于《穆勒评注》的文本分析出发,首先阐述了马克思通过批判穆勒理论而形成的交往异化理论,揭露出了从货币作为交换的媒介出发所反映出的人的类本质存在。之后,本文进一步阐述马克思想要通过交往异化理论所建立的新的市民社会理论,是以异化等于劳动外化并发展为私人所有为线索的,其中包含着对于穆勒理论的最终驳斥。同时,《穆勒评注》还包含着从异化的类到异化的人的回归的一条隐线,揭露了原始共同体社会的存在。最终,本文得出结论,市民社会与共同体在马克思的视角看来是相互联系,密不可分的,其中包含着从原始共同体到市民社会再到未来共同体的人类社会发展阶段图,对我国目前人类文明新形态的建设具有理论参考价值。

农村现代化的历史反思:梁漱溟的乡村经济合作思想——从现代中寻归传统的更新进路

20世纪初期,西方的合作主义思潮被近代知识学人认为是解决中国乡村问题、实现农村现代化的工具之一,其中以梁漱溟的乡村经济合作思想最为典型。该思想植根于儒学伦理与乡土秩序,借鉴了西方现代经济合作组织的基本原则,提出了在知识分子及社会团体引导下的乡村经济合作组织的设计方案,以恢复乡村经济,重建乡村社会。梁漱溟文化哲学观中的“老根萌新芽”论说,利用现代眼光重新审视传统儒学,在现代中寻找到了对于传统的更新进路:其一,“借鉴西方”经验是必要的,但仍须回归于传统儒学和乡土秩序之根,这是由中国的基本国情所决定的;其二,强调以儒家伦理本位和乡土秩序为依托,提倡从传统中拯救乡村,虽然传统中国缺乏团体精神和参与意识,但“互助”“仁爱”“和谐”“谦卑”和“礼仪”等善俗精神,为建立团体组织、实现经济合作提供了基础;其三,将合作视为解决乡村经济问题的最佳出路,从路线定位、制度安排和过程保障层面构设邹平合作社,其中虽不乏对西方现代经济组织的借鉴,但更多是对传统儒学和乡土秩序的思考;其四,对西方现代经济合作组织原则的“从同”,以及对传统儒学与乡土秩序的“超越”,作为梁漱溟乡村经济合作思想的主要特征,尽显其“取法于西方”但又“植根于传统”的一种更新进路。

Assessing Barriers to Mental Healthcare Interventions for Deaf People in Ghana

While mental health issues are increasingly gaining attention in Ghana, little is known about the situation among deaf people. This study assessed the mental health care needs of deaf people in Ghana. A descriptive design, consisting of interviews and focus group discussions, was used to collect data from 97 participants. Findings indicated that participants had limited knowledge on mental health issues. Mental health stigma, inaccessible mental health information and exclusion from mental health programmes were the major barriers hindering access to mental health care services. This study bridges the knowledge gap and provides evidence for the implementation of deaf-friendly services.