Potential Legal Issues and Care Implications during Care-Prevention Gymnastic Exercises for the Elderly Using Pepper in Long Term Health Care Facilities

In Japan, the shortage of personnel is a problem in long-term care nursing and rehabilitative care prevention. Nevertheless, Japan has taken measures to compensate for these shortages by promoting medical and nursing care activities using robotic technologies, and employing human resources from overseas. The purpose of this study was to determine potential legal issues and subsequent implications for care during prevention gymnastic exercises for the elderly using Pepper in long-term health facilities. The application program of Care-Prevention Gymnastics Exercises for Pepper (Pepper with CPGE) was made by the Xing Company Japan. Currently, care workers become intermediaries for the safe use of Pepper with CPGE. However, it was realized that some legal issues may arise if Pepper with CPGE alone will carry out these preventive care programs for the elderly without the presence of care workers as intermediaries. In this situation, using Pepper with CPGE alone to conduct care prevention gymnastics will require safety measures to prevent these possible practice issues and anticipate implications for care. In this regard, determining detailed target levels of rehabilitation exercise demands and environmental setting safety become essential factors. The use of humanoid robots in healthcare is expected to influence more practice protocols in contemporary and futurist rehabilitative human care. The identification of possible safety issues in performance and environmental situations, and implications for care are critical to ensure safe and valuable rehabilitative health care practices for the elderly population.

Current Issues in Software Re-Usability: A Critical Review of the Methodological &Legal Issues

The main objective of this research is to discuss the current legal and methodological issues in the field of software Re-Usability. Though there are enormous online forums discussing such issues via Q&A but this paper is an attempt to raise the awareness about the legal issues, which a software engineer may trap into. The paper discussed the current issues with software reusability within the legal and methodological context. This paper applied an extensive literature review to critically appraise the past studies to come to a collective conclusion. Prior to discussing the issues, the benefits of reuse were mentioned, including the saving of time and cost for users. But legally the reuse of software assets creates complexities for the user in relation to meeting all the licensing requirements and dealing with the liability in case of a breach. Methodologically, there are major barriers to reused software when it comes to technical competence and managerial issues such as a lack of resources. Even when reusing software to save time, and leverage off the specialization of other authors, the end-user must also have the technical expertise to search, adapt and merge these reusable assets into the larger software infrastructure. The review ultimately shows the high barriers still remain to software reuse which could mean that smaller developers and businesses will still be reluctant to fully utilize open-source components to the best advantage.

Discussion on the Logical Coordination between Legal Theory and Legal Practice——from the Perspective of the Legal Basis of NPC5s Discussion and Decisiomaking Power on Major Issues

The decision of local people's congresses to discuss major issues is a basic right granted to local people's congresses by the Chinese Constitution and laws.However,in practice,the implementation of the power of deliberation of major issues by local people's congresses is worrying.By applying the theory of Chinese traditionalism and unity in the theory of law,the theory of"sovereignty in the people"in the social contract theory of Western natural law school,Austin's"legal command theory55 in Western positivist law and Hart's"recognition""Rules theory"to argue that the integrity of rights necessarily involves the dual factors of decision-making and execution.At the same time,the existence and operation of the law always reflects the development of the political system.The realistic political situation requires us to make more precise and meticulous refinement of the external form and specific technical links of the legal system,and to coordinate the rules to make up the legal theory and Conflicts and conflicts in legal practice help to reform social institutions.

Several Legal Issues Relating to Service Technological Results

How "the rights and interests in the intellectual property rights of the scientists and technicians should be protected and the entity achieving the service-related technological results should remunerate, under law, those achieving the service-related technological results and those making outstanding contribution to the transfer of the technological results" are important issues encountered in China in its efforts to improve its innovation capacity and build up a new nation. The current legal system in...

Regulation on the Protection of Fossils Issued by the State Council of the People's Republic of China:Scientists' Researches Protected Legally—Further Explanation

With large-scale engineering projects being carried out in China, a large number of fossil localities have been discovered and excavated by responsible agencies, but still some important fossils of great value have been removed and smuggled into foreign countries. In the last three years, more than 1345 fossil specimens have been intercepted by Customs in Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin, Beijing and elsewhere, and more than 5000 fossils, most of which are listed as key fossils,

The Study of Legal Issue of Policy Banks

China has built three policy banks since 1994, which are China Development Bank, China Export-import Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank. Policy banks, as an important financial instrument, have made great contributions to the development of China＇ s economy. But there isn＇ t an official law fbr policy banks for a long time. They just operate based on some relevant documents and regulations of their own. However these documents and regulations are always indistinct in law, which is not good for the further development of policy banks and the accomplishment of our country＇ s financial system. As a result, in order to standardize the operation of China＇ s policy banks, it＇ s essential to position policy banks in law accurately, which is also the only way to legalize policy banks. Aiming at finding out the problems existing in policy banks of China in present, this paper analyzes the general theory of policy banks, some relevant international experience and the current situation of law position of china＇ s policy banks. In addition, through the analyses of possible solutions, this paper wishes to reconstruct the legal location of China ＇ s policy banks.

护理人员对临床潜在法律问题认知度的调查

目的:调查护理人员对临床潜在法律问题的认知度,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用方便抽样法,选取大连市100名三级甲等医院护士为研究对象,采用自行设计的一般资料调查表和自制的法律认知度问卷进行调查。结果:100名护士的法律认知度调查表得分为(49.73±1.54)分。64%的护士掌握和熟悉《病历书写基本规范(试行)》,60%的护士掌握和熟悉《护士条例》。单因素分析结果显示,不同学历、职称、政治面貌的护士对于法律认知度不同(P<0.05)。结论:护士对于临床中潜在法律问题的认知度处于中等水平,对《侵权责任法》《护士条例》认知度较差,可通过加强相关卫生法律法规宣传,提高护理人员的学历、职称等方面提高护士对临床潜在法律问题的认知度。

海洋渔业捕捞法律问题研究

海洋渔业捕捞事关海洋自然生态系统平衡和国家粮食安全。当前我国海洋渔业捕捞产业发展迅速,市场前景广阔,但仍面临一些问题亟待解决。文章分析了我国海洋渔业捕捞及相关法律发展现状,针对捕捞许可证制度存在缺陷,限额捕捞制度可操作性不强,“一刀切”伏季休渔制度缺乏科学性等系列问题,提出了发展建议:①完善捕捞许可证制度的限制管理措施,强化监管力度,提高准入门槛;②增加具有可操作性的限额捕捞法律规定,建立海洋渔业总可捕捞量数据库,建立相应的政府财政补贴制度;③借鉴加拿大、美国等海洋渔业发达国家先进经验完善伏季休渔制度。

以“合宪性、涉宪性”为方法——从“连坐规定案”审查意见的方法逻辑切入

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定》第5条规定了涉宪性审查、合宪性审查的双审原理结构:一是通过涉宪性审查穷尽法律问题,通常情形下,合法性审查已实现有效审查,作为重要备位机制的合宪性审查不再启动;例外情形下,穷尽法律问题仍未能实现有效审查,则进而展开合宪性审查。二是通过合宪性审查援引宪法依据,当明确条款并依序援引,禁止向抽象的法规范逃逸。其中,在基本权利审查场域,具体的基本权利规范优先援引,进而依需要辅助援引或单独援引“概括性人权条款”。据此方法规范,“连坐规定案”审查意见在对“连”与“坐”涉宪性审查后,关于“连”的合宪性审查继续展开,所诉诸的“宪法第二章关于‘公民的基本权利和义务’规定的原则和精神”,包括优先援引的第38条人的尊严条款、第33条第2款平等权条款以及补强援引的第33条第3款“概括性人权条款”。

农村生活污水治理的法律问题与对策探析

为了建设生态宜居的美丽乡村,需要全方位、全地域、全过程加强农村生态环境保护,其着力点在于改善农村生活污水问题。针对目前农村生活污水治理中存在的法律依据不足、政府监管不佳和多元主体参与制度不健全等问题,需要完善相关法律法规、提高政府监管效率、健全多元主体参与制度,推动治理工作有法可依、法律规范有效执行、社会各界积极参与农村生活污水治理工作。通过各项对策的实施,可以有效解决农村生活污水治理过程中的问题,推动治理工作有效开展,从而实现农村生态环境的持续改善和美丽乡村的建设。

行政黑名单法律属性、问题检视及规制对策

行政黑名单集惩戒、警示和备案功能于一身。伴随着诚信中国建设,行政黑名单作为一种有效的治理手段得到广泛的应用。实践中,行政黑名单法律属性不明、实体规范和程序规则缺位以及救济渠道不畅。行政黑名单属于负担行政范畴,一旦列入行政黑名单,必然会给行政相对人带来直接或间接的不利影响,有必要将其纳入法治轨道。应当推进行政黑名单立法,规范行政黑名单的列入标准和程序、健全移除机制、畅通救济途径,实现行政黑名单法治化。

我国大数据法律问题研究历程、现状及展望

作为新兴科技力量,“大数据”已被广泛运用于各领域、行业,催生数字经济新业态新模式,驱动生产方式变革,在数据运行过程中出现了新的法律关系样态,引发了新的法律问题。在中国大数据法律问题研究历程中,从核心概念界分、数据类型和法律属性分析三个方面对大数据基础性法律问题的国内研究现状作了梳理,对目前与数据安全、数据保护以及数据的开放、利用等有关的热点问题研究情况作了述评,并在此基础上提出数字经济发展新进程中大数据法律问题研究的趋势方向。

虚开发票罪中“虚开”行为的规范解释与立法论反思

《刑法》第205条之一规定了虚开发票罪,但没有对虚开行为作出界定。基于条文之间的位置关系以及前置法对虚开行为的规定,大多数观点认为,《刑法》第205条之一的虚开行为就是第205条第3款所规定的四类虚开行为。但这一观点存在疑问。第205条规制的对象是虚开两类具有抵扣税款功能的发票,为保护国家税收重大利益,在必要时进行法律拟制规定具有合理性。但虚开发票罪规制的对象是普通发票,虚开普通发票只能作为后续犯罪的预备行为,对国家税收利益并不具有高度盖然性的侵犯风险,预备行为正犯化的立法应受到更严格的条件限制,司法直接援引第205条第3款法律拟制规定不具备正当性。从规范目的与体系解释出发,让他人为自己虚开、介绍他人虚开不应当属于虚开发票罪中的虚开。当现有法律体系能够实现对虚开行为的充分评价时,未来的刑法修正案应当删除虚开发票罪。

中国休闲渔业发展法律问题研究

休闲渔业是渔业经济多元化发展的重要组成部分,对推进中国渔业产业融合、促进渔业经济发展具有重要作用。文章概括并论述了中国休闲渔业的发展现状和发展意义,指出其具有广泛的发展空间和潜力,对乡村振兴的实现十分重要。在理清中国休闲渔业发展规模和发展优势的基础上,分析了目前休闲渔业产业发展存在立法不足、对休闲渔业的发展和管理缺乏专门法律法规的支持、缺乏对休闲渔业设施建设、渔具使用和安全管理等方面的规范和制度、配套法律缺失导致渔业资源损害等法律问题,提出应加强休闲渔业相关法律法规的制定和完善、建立行业标准和规范、建立健全休闲渔业管理机制、加大监管和执法力度、建立生态补偿机制,确保资源合理利用和资源保护的解决对策。

全国人大决定行权方式的全面规范化——以《中华人民共和国立法法》第68条为制度支点

全国人大决定行权方式的全面规范化是宪法全面实施的内在要求,因而其具有显著意义。2023年《中华人民共和国立法法》第68条特别规定,全国人大及其常委会作出“有关法律问题的决定”适用《中华人民共和国立法法》的有关规定。该适用规则成为全国人大决定行权方式全面规范化、制度化、程序化的一个最重要的制度支点。全国人大决定行权方式的规范化命题蕴含三个子议题:一是规范类型上,全国人大决定行权方式包含抽象规范性决定、具体规范性决定和政策性决定三种规范类型;二是效力原则上,效力分层原则、程序判断效力原则构成了全国人大决定行权方式复合效力原则的核心;三是拣选标准上,“形式与内容的合比例性”构成了全国人大拣选决定行使方式的总理据,经立法程序决定之拣选标准的本质是立法便宜主义的政策考量,非经立法程序决定的拣选标准首先要考虑法律保留原则。

新时代新型储能产业法律问题探究

新型储能技术作为提升供能系统调节能力、促进能源高效利用的措施,是发展能源建设不可或缺的部分。然而,现阶段储能项目法律的发展较为缓慢,在一定程度上制约了新能源行业的发展速度。为解决上述问题,针对新时代新型储能产业的法律问题展开研究。首先根据储能性质与新型储能的主要类型,完善对新型储能分类及发展现状的研究,然后针对能源安全问题进行深入探究,并提出相应的解决方法,分析发展新型储能产业的重要性,最后为促进新时代新型储能产业法律的发展,提出健全新型储能法律法规体系、规范新型储能产业制度两项具体建议。

医养结合视域下机构养老服务的法律问题研究

当前,我国人口老龄化趋势明显,老年病患者数量日益增多,对就医质量的要求不断提升,发展医养结合型养老服务成为必然趋势。然而,当前医养结合型机构提供养老服务过程中存在履行合同容易出现瑕疵、相关人员不符合资质标准要求、法律法规不完善以及相关行业标准缺乏等问题,不仅影响了养老服务质量,而且不利于推广与普及我国的医养结合机构养老模式。为了使老年群体真正得到优质的医疗与养老服务,应加强机构养老服务合同的监管、健全机构内部护理人员的资质、明确机构主管部门的权责划分以及完善医养机构养老服务的行业标准。

公正视角下我国能源转型的法律保障

能源是人类生存发展的血液,世界各国一直以来都把能源作为本国经济发展的重要领域。在可持续发展时代,以可再生能源为主的能源转型不仅肩负着增加能源供给、改善能源质量的发展任务,也承载着减缓全球变暖、解决环境污染等一系列全球性问题的使命。然而,随着第三次能源转型的深入推进,社会不公正现象频频发生。实际上,不公正的能源转型不仅不利于社会公平正义的保障,还会消极地反作用于能源转型的推进效率。在全球能源转型的背景下,我国亟需将能源公正纳入能源转型的法律规制体系当中,以造福人民为根本目的,构建出具有公正性、包容性的能源转型法律保障制度体系,矫正能源转型不公正,维护人民发展利益,实现社会公平正义。

民国初年民事“第一法源”的确立——民初大理院对“现行律民事有效部分”的形塑

学界普遍认为《大清现行刑律》民事部分的效力由1912年4月3日南京临时参议院的决议所确立,但梳理史料却能得出不同的结论。原因在于,该决议由南方政权作出且并未被北洋政府承认,故民事法源的空白未在立法层面得到解决。“现行律民事有效部分”的确立,离不开大理院在“司法兼营立法”过程中的塑造。民初民事“第一法源”的确立,大致经历了通过《大清民律草案》的尝试与挫败、大理院确立“现行律民事有效部分”的地位、剥离《大清现行刑律》刑法属性及该律地位的巩固等阶段。纵观民事“第一法源”的确立,自清末兴起的“诸法合体说”起了关键作用,大理院根据该观点将《大清现行刑律》区分为不同的部门法,既解决了“无法可依”的困境,又避免另立新民法将会遭受的阻力。

“法约问题”与清末广东矿权的挽回

广东矿务中的“法约问题”,是甲午战后英法竞争中国西南势力范围的延续。1895年,法国通过中法《续议商务专条附章》获得开采广东矿山的优先权,并试图以此“独专”,阻止英国势力进入。《伦敦协定》签订后,英国在承认法国既得利益的前提下,仍向中方要求利益“均沾”。此后德国、葡萄牙等亦乘机谋求开矿。由此,《附章》在执行中演变为法国“独专”与其它列强“均沾”相冲突的“法约问题”。清政府在条约已经明确的情况下,借助商力发展广东矿业、利用英法矛盾尽力挽回和保全广东矿权,抵制了列强通过矿山开采将势力伸入广东的企图,展示出清末条约制度困境下列强矛盾对立留给中方的转圜空间,以及近代中国捍卫国家利益的艰难曲折过程。