In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. Ther...In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachment for the rigid body model: horizontal detachment, antithetic detachment and synthetic detachment. For the rigid body model, the established equations indicate that the total displacement on the synthetic base (D<sub>t2</sub>) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (D<sub>t1</sub>) is moderate, and that on the antithetic base (D<sub>t3</sub>) is the smallest. On the other hand, the value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than the displacement for the vertical shear (D<sub>t4</sub>). The value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than or less than the displacement for the inclined shear (D<sub>t5</sub>) depending on the original fault dip δ<sub>0</sub>, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original parameters, the value of D<sub>t5</sub> is less than the value of D<sub>t4</sub>. Also, by comparing three rotation mechanisms, we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body model with horizontal detachment produces the smallest extension, and the vertical shear model produces moderate extension.展开更多
AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful torticollis.METHODS Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patie...AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful torticollis.METHODS Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ("pathologic stickiness" without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ("pathologic stickiness" with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five subtypes.RESULTS We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 arthrodesis.CONCLUSION The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined.展开更多
The earth pressure acting on retaining walls due to creep and consolidation is under limited equilibrium conditions(limited displacement). Linear elastic constitutive theory can be applied to determine earth pressure ...The earth pressure acting on retaining walls due to creep and consolidation is under limited equilibrium conditions(limited displacement). Linear elastic constitutive theory can be applied to determine earth pressure distribution along retaining walls under limited displacement condition. In addition,tangent modulus in Duncan-Chang nonlinear elastic model was introduced to reflect the variations of soil modulus with confining pressure, and boundary strains were derived from Rankine active earth pressure, Rankine passive earth pressure, static earth pressure and principal stress direction deflection.According to the above four boundary strains, earth pressure on retaining walls was divided into five state zones. By comparing the calculation results obtained from the equations proposed in this paper with those of experimental tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: earth pressure distribution was always nonlinear along retaining walls for translation displacement(T mode), rotation displacement around wall base(RB mode), and translation + rotation displacement around wall base(RBT mode). Also,calculated earth pressure distributions along with the depth of wall were found to be consistent with measured values under three displacement modes.Additionally, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of internal friction angle and backfill soil cohesion on earth pressure. It could be seen from the above series of studies that the earth pressure equations derived in this work could be well applied in practical engineering in designing retaining walls.展开更多
This paper presents the reference criteria of rotational dynamics of accelerated systems in the field of Rational Mechanics, exposing the differentiation between inertial and non-inertial dynamic systems, and describe...This paper presents the reference criteria of rotational dynamics of accelerated systems in the field of Rational Mechanics, exposing the differentiation between inertial and non-inertial dynamic systems, and describes the unique research project developed by Advanced Dynamics CB up to proposing the Theory of Dynamic Interactions. This paper aims to deliver a commentary on developments in the field of rotational dynamics. Professor Barceló proposes that in today’s physics, a change of mindset is necessary that allows us to accept the true behavior of mobile objects subject to non-coaxial speed variations. The proposed dynamic allows us understand certain effects of rotating bodies. The application of these dynamic hypotheses to other fields of physics and technology will possibly allow new and suggestive advances in research, especially to bodies and systems with rotation in astrophysics and astronautics, allowing new dynamic working hypotheses.展开更多
An exact analysis of a rotating piezoelectric spherical shell with arbitrary thickness is given. Three displacement functions are introduced to simplify the basic equations of a spherically isotropic, piezoelectric m...An exact analysis of a rotating piezoelectric spherical shell with arbitrary thickness is given. Three displacement functions are introduced to simplify the basic equations of a spherically isotropic, piezoelectric medium. By expanding the displacement functions as well as the electric potential in terms of spherical harmonics, the basic equations of equilibrium are converted to an uncoupled Euler type, second order ordinary differential equation and a coupled system of three second order ordinary differential equations. A general solution to the homogeneous equations of equilibrium is then derived. The static analysis of a rotating spherical shell is performed and the numerical example is presented. (Edited author abstract) 13 Refs.展开更多
针对现有隔震桥梁限位装置以及摩擦阻尼器存在的不足,利用机械领域常用的滚珠丝杠提出一种具有响应放大和负刚度效应的新型旋转质量摩擦阻尼器(Rotational Mass Friction Damper,RMFD)限位装置,介绍该装置的构造及作用机理,推导装置的...针对现有隔震桥梁限位装置以及摩擦阻尼器存在的不足,利用机械领域常用的滚珠丝杠提出一种具有响应放大和负刚度效应的新型旋转质量摩擦阻尼器(Rotational Mass Friction Damper,RMFD)限位装置,介绍该装置的构造及作用机理,推导装置的恢复力计算公式,进行拟静力试验,设计装置在隔震桥梁中的布置方式,给出了在SAP2000中实现RMFD装置恢复力模型的方法,利用MATLAB和SAP2000对同一单自由度结构的响应进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。进而以某一6跨连续摩擦摆隔震桥梁为研究对象,利用SAP2000软件对比分析大震下非隔震桥梁、摩擦摆隔震桥梁以及RMFD限位摩擦摆隔震桥梁的地震响应、减震率、支座位移控制效果,以及等效摩擦力变化时墩柱响应峰值、减震率及墩柱损伤状态的变化情况。结果表明:RMFD作为桥梁隔震限位装置,仅需要较小的螺栓预紧力即可获得较大的RMFD阻尼器出力,位移行程大、耗能能力强,能够有效地将隔震层的位移控制在允许范围之内,避免支座位移超限引起的落梁、碰撞等震害的发生;同时,桥墩的墩底剪力、墩顶位移等地震反应稍有增大,减震率有所降低,但降幅均在10%以内,隔震桥梁仍具有良好的减震效果;随着等效摩擦力的增大,墩顶位移、墩底剪力、墩底弯矩最大值均不断增大,但支座的位移逐渐减小,说明螺栓预紧力越大,隔震层的位移控制效果越好,但其余地震响应的控制效果变差,桥墩损坏程度会加大,因此应合理设计预紧力的大小以取得理想的减震效果。展开更多
文摘In the case of reverse drag of normal faulting, the displacement and horizontal extension are determined based on the established equations for the three mechanisms: rigid body, vertical shear and inclined shear. There are three sub-cases of basal detachment for the rigid body model: horizontal detachment, antithetic detachment and synthetic detachment. For the rigid body model, the established equations indicate that the total displacement on the synthetic base (D<sub>t2</sub>) is the largest, that on the horizontal base (D<sub>t1</sub>) is moderate, and that on the antithetic base (D<sub>t3</sub>) is the smallest. On the other hand, the value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than the displacement for the vertical shear (D<sub>t4</sub>). The value of (D<sub>t1</sub>) is larger than or less than the displacement for the inclined shear (D<sub>t5</sub>) depending on the original fault dip δ<sub>0</sub>, bedding angle θ, and the angle of shear direction β. For all original parameters, the value of D<sub>t5</sub> is less than the value of D<sub>t4</sub>. Also, by comparing three rotation mechanisms, we find that the inclined shear produces largest extension, the rigid body model with horizontal detachment produces the smallest extension, and the vertical shear model produces moderate extension.
文摘AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful torticollis.METHODS Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ("pathologic stickiness" without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ("pathologic stickiness" with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five subtypes.RESULTS We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 arthrodesis.CONCLUSION The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51979225,51679199)the Special Funds for Public Industry Research Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources (No.201501034-04)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory for Science and Technology Coordination & Innovation Projects of Shaanxi Province (No.2014SZS15-Z01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2020JQ-584)。
文摘The earth pressure acting on retaining walls due to creep and consolidation is under limited equilibrium conditions(limited displacement). Linear elastic constitutive theory can be applied to determine earth pressure distribution along retaining walls under limited displacement condition. In addition,tangent modulus in Duncan-Chang nonlinear elastic model was introduced to reflect the variations of soil modulus with confining pressure, and boundary strains were derived from Rankine active earth pressure, Rankine passive earth pressure, static earth pressure and principal stress direction deflection.According to the above four boundary strains, earth pressure on retaining walls was divided into five state zones. By comparing the calculation results obtained from the equations proposed in this paper with those of experimental tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: earth pressure distribution was always nonlinear along retaining walls for translation displacement(T mode), rotation displacement around wall base(RB mode), and translation + rotation displacement around wall base(RBT mode). Also,calculated earth pressure distributions along with the depth of wall were found to be consistent with measured values under three displacement modes.Additionally, a parametric study was carried out to evaluate the effects of internal friction angle and backfill soil cohesion on earth pressure. It could be seen from the above series of studies that the earth pressure equations derived in this work could be well applied in practical engineering in designing retaining walls.
文摘This paper presents the reference criteria of rotational dynamics of accelerated systems in the field of Rational Mechanics, exposing the differentiation between inertial and non-inertial dynamic systems, and describes the unique research project developed by Advanced Dynamics CB up to proposing the Theory of Dynamic Interactions. This paper aims to deliver a commentary on developments in the field of rotational dynamics. Professor Barceló proposes that in today’s physics, a change of mindset is necessary that allows us to accept the true behavior of mobile objects subject to non-coaxial speed variations. The proposed dynamic allows us understand certain effects of rotating bodies. The application of these dynamic hypotheses to other fields of physics and technology will possibly allow new and suggestive advances in research, especially to bodies and systems with rotation in astrophysics and astronautics, allowing new dynamic working hypotheses.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,and the Japanese Committee of Culture,Education and Science
文摘An exact analysis of a rotating piezoelectric spherical shell with arbitrary thickness is given. Three displacement functions are introduced to simplify the basic equations of a spherically isotropic, piezoelectric medium. By expanding the displacement functions as well as the electric potential in terms of spherical harmonics, the basic equations of equilibrium are converted to an uncoupled Euler type, second order ordinary differential equation and a coupled system of three second order ordinary differential equations. A general solution to the homogeneous equations of equilibrium is then derived. The static analysis of a rotating spherical shell is performed and the numerical example is presented. (Edited author abstract) 13 Refs.
文摘针对现有隔震桥梁限位装置以及摩擦阻尼器存在的不足,利用机械领域常用的滚珠丝杠提出一种具有响应放大和负刚度效应的新型旋转质量摩擦阻尼器(Rotational Mass Friction Damper,RMFD)限位装置,介绍该装置的构造及作用机理,推导装置的恢复力计算公式,进行拟静力试验,设计装置在隔震桥梁中的布置方式,给出了在SAP2000中实现RMFD装置恢复力模型的方法,利用MATLAB和SAP2000对同一单自由度结构的响应进行对比,验证了方法的有效性。进而以某一6跨连续摩擦摆隔震桥梁为研究对象,利用SAP2000软件对比分析大震下非隔震桥梁、摩擦摆隔震桥梁以及RMFD限位摩擦摆隔震桥梁的地震响应、减震率、支座位移控制效果,以及等效摩擦力变化时墩柱响应峰值、减震率及墩柱损伤状态的变化情况。结果表明:RMFD作为桥梁隔震限位装置,仅需要较小的螺栓预紧力即可获得较大的RMFD阻尼器出力,位移行程大、耗能能力强,能够有效地将隔震层的位移控制在允许范围之内,避免支座位移超限引起的落梁、碰撞等震害的发生;同时,桥墩的墩底剪力、墩顶位移等地震反应稍有增大,减震率有所降低,但降幅均在10%以内,隔震桥梁仍具有良好的减震效果;随着等效摩擦力的增大,墩顶位移、墩底剪力、墩底弯矩最大值均不断增大,但支座的位移逐渐减小,说明螺栓预紧力越大,隔震层的位移控制效果越好,但其余地震响应的控制效果变差,桥墩损坏程度会加大,因此应合理设计预紧力的大小以取得理想的减震效果。
