A Fault Feature Extraction Model in Synchronous Generator under Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit Based on ACMD and DEO3S

This paper proposed a new diagnosis model for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.Different from the past methods focused on the current or voltage signals to diagnose the electrical fault,the sta-tor vibration signal analysis based on ACMD(adaptive chirp mode decomposition)and DEO3S(demodulation energy operator of symmetrical differencing)was adopted to extract the fault feature.Firstly,FT(Fourier trans-form)is applied to the vibration signal to obtain the instantaneous frequency,and PE(permutation entropy)is calculated to select the proper weighting coefficients.Then,the signal is decomposed by ACMD,with the instan-taneous frequency and weighting coefficient acquired in the former step to obtain the optimal mode.Finally,DEO3S is operated to get the envelope spectrum which is able to strengthen the characteristic frequencies of the stator inter-turn short circuit fault.The study on the simulating signal and the real experiment data indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.In addition,the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the proposed model.

A fault warning for inter-turn short circuit of excitation winding of synchronous generator based on GRU-CNN

Synchronous generators are important components of power systems and are necessary to maintain its normal and stable operation.To perform the fault diagnosis of mild inter-turn short circuit in the excitation winding of a synchronous generator,a gate recurrent unit-convolutional neural network(GRU-CNN)model whose structural parameters were determined by improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)is proposed.The outputs of the model are the excitation current and reactive power.The total offset distance,which is the fusion of the offset distance of the excitation current and offset distance of the reactive power,was selected as the fault judgment criterion.The fusion weights of the excitation current and reactive power were determined using the anti-entropy weighting method.The fault-warning threshold and fault-warning ratio were set according to the normal total offset distance,and the fault warning time was set according to the actual situation.The fault-warning time and fault-warning ratio were used to avoid misdiagnosis.The proposed method was verified experimentally.

Fault Diagnosis Based on ANN for Turn-to-Turn Short Circuit of Synchronous Generator Rotor Windings

Rotor winding turn-to-turn short circuit is a common electrical fault in steam turbines. When turn-to-turn short circuit fault happens to rotor winding of the generator, the generator terminal parameters will change. According to these parameters, the conditions of the rotor winding can be reflected. However, it is hard to express the relations between fault information and generator terminal parameters in accurate mathematical formula. The satisfactory results in fault diagnosis can be obtained by the application of neural network. In general, the information about the severity level of the generator faults can be acquired directly when the faulty samples are found in the training samples of neural network. However, the faulty samples are difficult to acquire in practice. In this paper, the relations among active power, reactive power and excitation current are discovered by analyzing the generator mmf with terminal voltage constant. Depending on these relations, a novel diagnosis method of generator rotor winding turn-to-turn short circuit fault is proposed by using ANN method to obtain the fault samples directly, without destructive tests.

The Detection of Inter-Turn Short Circuits in the Stator Windings of Sensorless Operating Induction Motors

This work proposes an alternative strategy to the use of a speed sensor in the implementation of active and reactive power based model reference adaptive system (PQ-MRAS) estimator in order to calculate the rotor and stator resistances of an induction motor (IM) and the use of these parameters for the detection of inter-turn short circuits (ITSC) faults in the stator of this motor. The rotor and stator resistance estimation part of the IM is performed by the PQ-MRAS method in which the rotor angular velocity is reconstructed from the interconnected high gain observer (IHGO). The ITSC fault detection part is done by the derivation of stator resistance estimated by the PQ-MRAS estimator. In addition to the speed sensorless detection of ITSC faults of the IM, an approach to determine the number of shorted turns based on the difference between the phase current of the healthy and faulty machine is proposed. Simulation results obtained from the MATLAB/Simulink platform have shown that the PQ-MRAS estimator using an interconnected high-gain observer gives very similar results to those using the speed sensor. The estimation errors in the cases of speed variation and load torque are almost identical. Variations in stator and rotor resistances influence the performance of the observer and lead to poor estimation of the rotor resistance. The results of ITSC fault detection using IHGO are very similar to the results in the literature using the same diagnostic approach with a speed sensor.

汽轮发电机转子匝间短路对定子热响应特性的影响

本文分析了汽轮发电机转子匝间短路故障前后定子热响应特性,不仅考虑转子匝间短路引起电压下降对发电机强励动作的影响,还研究了热分布不平衡而引起的定子力学响应。首先推导了正常情况和转子匝间短路故障后加强励磁电流下的气隙磁通密度,得到了铁心损耗和绕组铜耗的解析表达式;然后建立了发电机故障前后的三维有限元仿真模型,对不同短路程度故障下的铁心损耗、绕组铜耗与定子温度进行了求解计算;最后实测了CS-5型故障模拟发电机在正常运行和不同短路程度故障下的定子温度,实验结果与理论分析、有限元仿真结果基本一致。结果表明,转子匝间短路故障后由于励磁电流的增强,发电机铁心损耗和绕组铜耗均会增加,定子温度明显上升,并且随着短路程度的增加而加剧;定子端面边缘位置的变形和应力幅值最大并且为热响应下的危险位置。

基于二维CNN与多源机电信息融合的同步电机转子匝间短路故障诊断方法

为提高同步电机转子绕组匝间短路故障的诊断准确率,以一台型号为SDF-9的一对极同步发电机为研究对象,提出了一种基于二维卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN)与多源机电信息融合的匝间短路故障诊断方法。首先选取故障前后的定子环流、转子振动、定子振动信号为故障特征,采用信号-图像转换方法将一维时序信号转化为二维灰度图像。其次将处理后的图像分别作为二维CNN模型的前置输入进行训练。最后采用D-S证据理论将3种证据体的输出概率进行决策融合。结果表明:该方法消除了单一信号易受传感器故障及环境变化的影响,故障诊断准确率显著提高,并与其他传统故障诊断算法的诊断结果进行对比分析,验证了此方法的有效性。

考虑气隙偏心时短路因素对发电机端部绕组振动的影响

端部绕组振动是导致绝缘磨损和退化的关键因素之一,因此对同步发电机在转子匝间短路下的端部绕组振动特性进行了研究。不同于以往,该研究不仅考虑了转子匝间短路程度,还考虑了转子匝间短路位置和气隙偏心程度对端部绕组振动的影响。首先理论推导得出定子端部绕组的受力表达式;然后基于电磁-结构耦合模型得到了绕组电磁力及其力学响应特性,如变形、应变和应力;最后在CS-5故障模拟发电机进行试验验证。试验结果与理论分析、有限元计算结果基本一致。结果表明,转子匝间短路会给绕组电磁力带来额外的50 Hz(基本频率)、150 Hz和200 Hz的谐波。随着气隙偏心程度/转子匝间短路程度/短路位置与大齿之间距离增大,端部绕组电磁力/振动加剧。此外,复合故障对端部绕组振动影响更为严重。在定子绕组电磁力作用下,定子绕组鼻端部位为最大变形位置,同时绕组直线段与端部的连接处易发生绝缘磨损,在制造及后期维护中应重点关注。

新型同步调相机转子匝间短路故障定位方法

转子绕组匝间短路故障是新型同步调相机的一种典型故障,对调相机长期运行和电网稳定都有严重影响。为保障新型同步调相机高可靠稳定运行,文中提出一种转子绕组匝间短路故障在线诊断与定位的方法。从故障导致的气隙磁场磁动势畸变出发,推导出定子同相两支路将出现偶次谐波环流现象,并通过对支路环流进行傅里叶分解,提取谐波中的明显特征量。对该特征量进行分析,得出其大小仅与故障所在转子上的空间位置有关,而与故障匝数无关的结论,最后通过查表的方式来实现故障诊断与定位。文中基于已规模投入使用的TTS-300-2型同步调相机开发有限元软件的仿真模型,并搭建基于新型调相机的模拟机实验平台进行实验。仿真与实验结果验证了利用支路环流谐波进行转子匝间短路故障定位的有效性。

双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障振动特性分析

针对双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路的故障振动机理尚不明确且无法为故障诊断提供理论依据的问题,开展了双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障振动特性分析.首先,结合有限元仿真及解析推导,分析转子匝间短路下双馈异步风力发电机的气隙磁密规律,得到转子所受的不平衡磁拉力;然后,考虑转子不平衡磁拉力的情况下构建双馈异步风力发电机转子-轴承系统非线性动力学模型,利用非线性动力学仿真获取转子匝间短路故障下系统的振动仿真信号;最后,在双馈异步风力发电机故障模拟实验台上进行转子匝间短路故障实验,利用实验分析验证非线性动力学仿真结果的有效性.非线性动力学仿真及实验分析结果均表明,转子匝间短路故障下双馈异步风力发电机转子-轴承系统振动信号的频谱存在转频的谐波成分,通过检测转频的谐波分量可诊断双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路故障,有效揭示了双馈异步风力发电机转子匝间短路的故障振动机理.

可变速抽蓄机组转子绕组新型主保护方案性能分析

丰宁可变速抽蓄机组的投运使得其转子绕组保护方案的配置备受关注。运用多回路分析法,对湘潭电机厂制造的12 kW交流励磁样机所有实际可能发生的转子绕组内部故障进行了仿真,在此基础上对基于定子分支谐波环流的转子绕组新型主保护方案的性能进行了分析,并进一步明确了新型转子绕组主保护方案不能动作故障类型及相应的改进措施,为后续国产化示范项目中可变速抽蓄机组的稳定运行奠定基础。

抽水蓄能电机转子匝间短路无传感器检测方法

定位筋作为抽水蓄能电机的固有部件,其感应电动势可有效反映转子绕组匝间绝缘健康水平。首先,通过引入衰减系数法推导了杂散磁通与气隙主磁通之间的关系,进而获取了定位筋感应电动势在匝间短路状态下的特征谐波,据此提出了谐波幅值比阈值检测法;其次,根据抽水蓄能电站服役机组运行参数搭建了二维电磁仿真模型,分析了匝间短路故障前后定位筋感应电动势时/频域特征的演变规律,并验证了谐波幅值比阈值检测法的有效性;最后,结合信号调理装置对动模实验机组不同匝间短路程度下的定位筋感应电动势信息进行采集。监测结果表明,故障磁极所对应的定位筋感应电动势时域特征幅值及基频幅值均呈衰减趋势,其频谱分数次谐波幅值呈递增趋势,进一步计算多个周期信号的谐波幅值比,据此构建统计箱线图并设定故障检测阈值,可有效为转子绕组匝间绝缘故障防御提供指导。

重复脉冲法在凸极转子绕组匝间短路检测中的应用探索

为了探索和推广重复脉冲检测法(RSO)在大型凸极式转子绕组匝间短路检测中的应用,参考在隐极发电机中的应用情况和经验,采取控制变量法,对某大型水轮发电机进行模拟试验,对比研究在不同的频率、波形、幅值和脉宽的激励信号作用下的响应和检测情况,得出了方波在传播过程中的衰减较锯齿波的小、信号传播中的衰减随频率上升而增大、脉宽过大时不利于故障判断、增大激励信号的幅值有利于提高故障检测的灵敏性等结论。

300MW发电机转子匝间短路故障分析与处理

介绍一起300MW汽轮发电机启动过程中转子发生匝间短路的故障,结合转子匝间短路后运行参数的变化情况、转子现场试验检查判断情况和转子返厂解体后故障点的检查情况,从发电机转子端部设计结构、转子绕组塑性变形等方面进行分析,认为转子端部结构不能满足机组日常深度调峰的运行工况是导致故障的根本原因,并提出对端部结构进行改进优化的处理和防范措施。

基于MSET的汽轮发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断

针对汽轮发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障,提出基于多元状态评估技术(MSET)的在线诊断方法。利用滑动窗口和欧氏距离构建状态矩阵,基于MSET构建励磁电流和无功功率计算模型,依据发电机运行状态运行值与计算值的相对偏差均值或残差均值构建匝间绕组短路故障在线诊断方法,并且使用某汽轮发电机运行数据进行验证。结果表明:所构建的在线诊断方法切实可行,满足了转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断应用需要,同时降低了故障误判的可能性。

660 MW汽轮发电机转子绕组匝间短路隐患的诊断分析及改造方法

某电厂660M W汽轮发电机在检修时发现转子匝间绝缘劣化迹象。结合相关试验数据和运行记录,判断该转子存在匝间短路隐患。同时根据制造厂家建议和机组深度调峰的需求,对该发电机转子进行灵活性改造。

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组发电机转子匝间短路故障分析

通过对某燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组发电机开展重复脉冲法试验,判断转子存在匝间绝缘缺陷,分析其原因为部分油气物附着在端部线圈侧面及匝间绝缘表面,高温碳化造成匝间绝缘降低,将该发电机转子返厂检修,对转子匝间绝缘进行更换,同时对弹性支撑、槽绝缘、绕组等部件进行修复保养,有效解决了此绝缘缺陷,保证了机组运行的可靠性和安全性。

输电线不同类型短路对同步调相机转子损耗及温升的影响

同步调相机可为特高压直流换流站提供无功功率,以保持系统电压稳定,防止直流换相失败。交流系统发生短路导致系统电压降低时,调相机会向系统提供大量无功功率。然而,高无功大电流会导致调相机转子损耗和发热增加。为了研究调相机承受系统短路故障的能力,该文将调相机的电磁场、温度场模型与电网模型耦合,计算了输电线路发生单相、两相和三相短路故障时,调相机转子槽楔和铁心的损耗分布,揭示了各部分损耗密度随转子径向深度的变化规律;在此基础上计算了三种短路故障下调相机转子的温度分布,获得了转子最大温升出现的位置;在考虑转子最高容许温度的条件下,揭示了调相机短路持续时间与短路故障类型之间的关系。该研究为提高调相机在系统故障情况下的工作能力提供了理论依据。

基于端口频域特性的水轮发电机转子绕组匝间短路故障诊断

包含抽蓄发电机在内的大型水轮发电机转子为具有多匝长绕组的显极式转子,传统的基于交流阻抗测量的绕组匝间短路故障诊断方法存在灵敏性和便捷性等方面的不足。基于多导体传输线理论建立了显极式转子绕组的端口频域特性模型,通过仿真分析提出了故障判别和定位方法。最后通过真机转子的故障模拟和测试对诊断方法的有效性进行了验证。仿真和试验结果表明,所提方法能够在无需断开磁极间电气连接的测量条件下实现绕组匝间短路故障的诊断和定位。

励磁绕组短路下关键运行参数差异对汽轮发电机转子动力学特性的影响

分析了励磁绕组短路下,关键运行参数差异对汽轮发电机转子动力学特性的影响。关键运行参数包括短路程度、短路位置,以及电机负载率;转子动力学特性包括转子不平衡磁拉力激励特性、径向振动响应特性,以及转子铁芯动力学响应规律。基于柔性转子不平衡磁拉力激励与振动响应的理论分析、有限元仿真计算,以及动模试验来探索不同运行参数造成动力学特性差异的规律。结果表明:正常情况下转子不平衡磁拉力趋于零,转子振动以常规基频和定子传递过来的各偶次倍频为主;励磁绕组匝间短路下,转子不平衡磁拉力及其振动响应将产生新的奇次倍频成分,且通频振动幅值增大。随着短路程度或负载的增加,转子不平衡磁拉力与振动响应的基频将增大;短路位置越靠近大齿处,转子不平衡磁拉力与振动幅值越大;转子铁芯大齿的外表面和内槽表面边沿为动力学响应的危险位置。

基于FFT-LSTM的变速抽蓄机组转子绕组短路故障和偏心故障诊断方法

变速抽水蓄能机组是适应系统功率波动的重要调节手段。转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障是其常见的故障类型,两种故障均会在定子侧感应生成特征频带相近的谐波环流,导致两种故障难以被区分。提出了一种基于快速傅里叶变换-长短期记忆(fast Fourier transform-long short-term memory,FFT-LSTM)网络的故障诊断方法,以细化分辨故障特征相近的转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障。所提方法以定子分支环流的谐波分量为特征量进行故障诊断,分别推导了两种故障发生时定子侧环流谐波特征,并总结二者间的相似性和差异性。鉴于该差异较为微弱,引入长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)神经网络算法对其进行辨识。利用内部故障仿真模型对可能发生的转子绕组短路故障和偏心故障进行批量仿真,以得到用于LSTM网络训练和测试的数据集。仿真结果表明FFT-LSTM能够准确诊断不同转速下变速抽蓄机组的转子绕组短路故障和转子偏心故障。