Research on the Influence of Interest Rate Liberalization on Commercial Banks' Profitability in China

In order to explore the influence of interest rate liberalization on profitability,an empirical analysis is carried out with the panel data of commercial banks in China from 2009 to 2019.Then,the heterogeneity of the impact is studied among different banks.The results show that,first,interest rate liberalization and commercial banks'profitability have an inverted U-shaped relationship,whereby interest rate liberalization would increase the profitability of banks in the early stage but would reduce the profitability after reaching a peak inflection point at the later stage.Secondly,the impact varies among different banks,being more significant in urban commercial banks and large state-owned banks.

Discussing Problems of Chinese Interest Rate liberalization

The level of Chinese interest rate liberalization is very low. The interest rate liberalization reform is an inevitable choice under the general trend of economic globalization in the world. Mean while, interest rate liberalization is indispensable for Chinese economic development and financial stabilization. The interest rate liberalization reform should follow a certain principles and satisfy a certain require ments, otherwise the financial order will be in a state of chaos and the negative influence on economy will appear. The interest rate liberaliza tion reform needs a good economic environment and a series of relative reforms.

An Analysis of Competition over Interest Rate among Banks in China

In 2000, the central bank of China adopted a policy to gradually liberalize its interest rate, and thus raised the curtain of competition over interest rate among the banks in China. The objective of this study is to put a focus on the existing banking market environment and thereafter the gaming behaviors of the banks on different stages given the interest rate is loosened gradually as scheduled.

Analysis of the impact of interest rate liberation on China＇s banking sector

Actually China has achieved the liberation of deposit and lending rates to some extent, after the start of the reform, it is expected there may not be a great impact on the banking sector in the short term, but in the long term, the interest rate liberation will undoubtedly increase the cost of capital banks, especially after deposit rates achieve the full realization of market-oriented pricing, which will have long term impact on the banking business.

Interest rate liberalization and pass-through of monetary policy rate to bank lending rates in China

We examine whether the effectiveness of the monetary policy rate transmission differs before and after interest rate liberalization in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound test and an error correction model (ECM). The results show that after liberalization the mark-up is lower, and both the Iong-run and shortrun interest rate pass-through has become faster and more complete. We attribute our findings to the ongoing reforms of China's banking system, which has improved the competitiveness of Chinese commercial banks.

Completing China＇s Interest Rate Liberalization

China＇s recent removal of the last ceiling restriction on deposit rates in October 2015 is a milestone in interest rate liberalization, but not the end of it. International experience suggests that, without structural and quantitative reforms, simply freeing interest rates can result in major financial stress. Before China＇s central bank can completely relinquish implicit or explicit guidance for commercial banks interest rate determination, it needs to accomplish two tasks： improvement of commercial banks＇ pricing capability as well as the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Both tasks require significant reform measures to be initiated, such as enforcing market discipline, forming a new monetary policy framework, developing money and capital markets, abandoning quantitative restrictions on credit and reforming the financial regulatory system.

Predictive Modeling and Expectable Loss Analysis for Borrower Defaults of Mortgage Loans

Home mortgage loan lending firms are exposed to many business risks.This paper focuses on the mortgage loan borrower risks and proposes a prospective loss analysis approach in regard to loan repayment defaults of borrowers.For this purpose,a predictive modeling is presented in three stages.In the first stage,occurrence of borrower defaults in a mortgage loans portfolio is modeled through the generalized linear models(GLMs)type regressions for which we specify a logistic distribution for default events.The second stage of modeling develops a survival analysis in order to estimate survival probability and hazard rate functions for individual loans.Ultimately,an expectable loss amount model is presented in the third stage as a function of conditional survival probabilities and corresponding hazard rates at loan levels.Throughout all modeling stages,a large and real data set is used as an empirical analysis case by which detailed interpretations and practical implications of the obtained results are stated.

Interest Rate Pass-through in a Dual-track System:Evidence from China

Using the Phillips-Loretan approach, this paper verifies the degree and speed of pass- through and rigidity of different interest rates in China, as well as the response of private loan interest rates to other interest rates during 2002-2012. The results indicate that the long-term pass-through from the interbank offered rates and deposit and loan interest rates to the treasury bond rate is incomplete, but that the long-term pass-through to private loan interest rates is overshooting. The long-term pass-through from the deposit and loan interest rates to the overnight interbank offered rate is incomplete, while that to the interbank offered rates of other maturities is complete. The short-term passthrough and adjustment speed of interest rates exhibit asymmetry. Therefore, before considering a full liberalization of interest rates, it is important to further enhance the competition of the financial system and the function of different interest rate systems, such as the interhank market and bond market.

贷款市场报价利率(LPR)对企业投资决策的影响探究

本文深度剖析了贷款市场报价利率(LPR)的形成背景及其深远意义,详细解释了贷款市场报价利率(LPR)的概念,并分析了其在宏观经济、企业微观层面以及创新领域的深远影响,探讨了贷款市场报价利率(LPR)的变动与企业的投资决策之间的紧密联系。本文运用投资决策理论框架,结合实际案例,采用定量和定性研究方法,从宏观经济、企业微观层面以及LPR调整机制等多个角度,深入挖掘了贷款市场报价利率(LPR)对企业投资决策的潜在影响,并提出了一系列企业应对贷款市场报价利率(LPR)调整变化的策略。本文研究的成果不仅丰富了贷款市场报价利率(LPR)的理论研究体系,还为企业在实际操作中的决策提供了有益的参考和借鉴。

货币政策利率传导机制有效性研究——基于利率市场化背景

我国自2015年以来基本完成了利率市场化改革,利率作为货币政策传导的核心中介变量,正逐步发挥引导资金市场化流转与配置于实体经济的作用。同时,我国正在全面推进数量型货币政策向价格型货币政策转变,利率水平变动与货币政策传导有效性研究具有较强的理论价值与积极的现实意义。通过向量自回归(VAR)模型,选取2015年1月至2022年6月的LPR、CPI以及金融结构等数据,对货币政策利率传导机制有效性进行全面分析,实证研究发现政策利率对银行间货币市场利率传导较为通畅,我国通过货币政策实施,能够较好地通过利率渠道传导至实体经济,支持经济高质量发展。

涉农贷款如何实现可持续供给——基于利率定价和补偿测算的四维分析框架

农村金融的可持续发展离不开涉农贷款的供给。但涉农贷款具有低收益和高风险并存的特征,防范和化解风险的同时又要激励银行持续支农,因而需要建立完善的风险补偿机制。本文立足于农村金融的供给侧,通过拓展利率定价中的价格领导模型,厘定可识别风险的贷款利率,提出了以此利率为基础的补偿数额测算方法,构建银行“内部收益补偿-外部收益补偿”“内部损失补偿-外部损失补偿”的四维量化分析框架,并以W农村商业银行为例做了具体测算。研究发现:(1)当前风险补偿以银行内部补偿为主,外部补偿力度不足;(2)银行外部补偿过少和内部补偿过多,会加剧其脱农离农倾向和贷款行业的持续分化;(3)相比损失补偿,银行对涉农贷款的收益补偿需求更多。据此,应以银行主要承担损失补偿和政府加大外部收益补偿为思路,进一步优化涉农贷款的补偿机制。

How would Capital Account Liberalization Affect China's Capital Flows and the Renminbi Real Exchange Rates?

In this paper we study the determinants of gross capital flows, project the size of China＇s international investment position in 2020, and analyze the implications for the renminbi real exchange rate if China liberalizes the capital account. We assume in this exercise that the renminbi will have largely achieved capital account convertibility by the end of the current decade, a timetable consistent with recent proposals by the People ＇s Bank of China. Our analysis shows that if the capital account were liberalized, China＇s gross international investment position would grow significantly, and inflows and outflows would become much more balanced. The private sector would turn its net liability position into a balanced position, and the official sector would reduce its net asset position significantly, relative to the country ＇s GDP. Because of the increasing importance of private sector foreign claims and the decreasing importance of official foreign reserves, China would be able to earn higher net investment income from abroad. Overall, China would continue to be a net creditor, with the net foreign asset position as a share of GDP remaining largely stable through this decade. These findings suggest that the renminbi real exchange rate would not be particularly sensitive to capital account liberalization as capital flows are expected to be two-sided. The renminb i real exchange rate would likely be on a path of moderate appreciation as China is expected to maintain a sizeable growth differential with its trading partners.

MICROSTRUCTURE OF AGGREGATES IN DISPERSIONS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

Following a sticky particle model and its computer simulation scheme proposed in the previous papers, the motions of particles in both 2-and 3-dimensional shear flow fields are simulated. At a steady state of clustering process, the radial distribution functions are calculated to precisely describe the microstructure of aggregates in dispersions, and the configuration of particles is displayed,which gives a direct view of microstructure. It is found that (1) the kind of the microstructure transforms from compact clusters to a loose network as the concentration of particles increases; (2) the microstructure is independent of shear rate which only dominates the size of clusters formed at steady state.

Optimal Tariff and Endogenous Drivers for Trade Liberalization

Trade liberalization requires institutional coordination and openness,and is driven by a multitude of factors.This paper simulates endogenous optimal tariffs under different model structures to uncover the underlying drivers of trade liberalization.Parametric calibration and simulation methods based on the numeric general equilibrium model are employed to estimate the optimal tariff rates of countries with and without trade retaliation.Then,near-reality assumptions are added into the standard general equilibrium model structure,including the cross-border capital flow,multi-country assumption and trade cost,to simulate decreasing optimal tariff rates.The simulation results suggest that world economic development has increased the economic ties and interdependence among nations,making trade liberalization an endogenous optimal choice.The backlash against globalization in recent years is motivated by short-term factors,but will not persist in the long run since it goes against the law of economic growth and socio-economic development.

Experimental simulation and numerical analysis of coal spontaneous combustion process at low temperature

The characteristic of coal spontaneous combustion includes oxidative property and exothermic capacity. It can really simulate the process of coal spontaneous combustion to use the large scale experimental unit loading coal 1 000 kg. According to the field change of gas concentration and coal temperature determined through experiment of coal self ignite at low temperature stage, and on the basis of hydromechanics and heat transfer theory, some parameters can be calculated at different low temperature stage, such as, oxygen consumption rate, heat liberation intensity. It offers a theoretic criterion for quantitatively analyzing characteristic of coal self ignite and forecasting coal spontaneous combustion. According to coal exothermic capability and its thermal storage surroundings, thermal equilibrium is applied to deduce the computational method of limit parameter of coal self ignite. It offers a quantitative theoretic criterion for coal self ignite forecasting and preventing. According to the measurement and test of spontaneous combustion of Haibei coal, some token parameter of Haibei coal spontaneous combustion is quantitatively analyzed, such as, spontaneous combustion period of coal, critical temperature, oxygen consumption rate, heat liberation intensity, and limit parameter of coal self ignite.

农业节水灌溉REITs项目IRR测算研究

通过农业节水灌溉特许经营项目REITs案例研究发现,基础设施特许经营项目存在价值漏损时,可采用修正的B-S期权模型进行估值,可分配现金流用于分红的比例越高,投资收益越高,但项目的看涨期权价值越低。在项目高溢价转让的情况下,银行贷款比例越高、偿还时间越短,投资内部收益率(IRR)及投资收益可能越低;收益波动越大,看涨期权价值越大,但IRR可能会下降。采用B-S期权定价模型丰富了现有经营权类公募REITs资产估值方法,具有推广应用价值。对公募REITs产品在不同贷款比例、还款期限以及分红条件下确定合理投资收益,具有实践指导作用。