Influence of heat input on microhardness and microstructure across the welding interface between stainless steel and low alloy steel

The welding interface is crucial to the service safety of dissimilar metal weld(DMW)joints between stainless steel(SS)and low alloy(LA)steel.Different status of welding interfaces was prepared by cladding SS consumables to LA steel substrates with different heat inputs via tungsten inert gas arc welding(TIG),followed by a series of microstructural characterizations and hardness tests.Results showed that a hardening and transition layer(TL)would be generated along the welding interface,and the width and hardening degree of the TL would increase with the heat input.Meanwhile,heavy load hardness tests showed that highly severe inhomogeneous plastic deformation and the microcrack would be generated in the interfacial region and the welding interface respectively in the highest heat input sample(1.03 kJ/mm).These results indicate that the increase in heat input would deteriorate the bonding performance of DMW joints.Further microstructural observations showed that the higher hardening degree of the highest heat input sample was mainly attributed to the stronger grain boundary,solution,and dislocation strengthening effects.

Influence of heat input on the microhardness and microstructure of the welding interface between nickel-based alloy and low-alloy steel

The evolution of microstructure and local properties near the welding interface is essential for the service safety of dissimilar metal welded joints between nickel-based alloy(NA) and low-alloy steel(LA).In this work,NA filler metal was deposited on LA substrate under different heat inputs by tungsten inert gas(TIG) welding.Microstructural characterization and microhardness tests were carried out near the prepared cladding interfaces.Optical and scanning electron microscopes show the lack of evident hardening transition layer along the welding interface.As the heat input increases,the mean hardness of the deposited layer also increases remarkably due to the rising dilution rate.Microstructural characterization shows a significant composition gradient across the cladding interface,but the diffusion gradient is limited to a small range.Under high heat input,a planar grain zone is generated along the interface due to the large temperature gradient across the interface region.

Formation, Evolution and Final Structure of Interface in 2024Al Joints Fabricated by Explosive Welding

The wavy interface for similar or the same metal explosive welding（EXW） and the universal mechanism of wavy interface formation in EXW were studied in this work. Based on a new established model, it was deduced that the evolution frequencies of the instability were constrained in a limited range. Then experiments of identical metal EXW were performed and welding interfaces were characterized for examining the final morphology. By calculating the fractal dimensions and multifractal spectra of welding interface, the fractal characteristics of interface were revealed and a quantitative description was achieved for EXW interface structure. Thus, the formation, evolution and final morphology of wavy interface were systemically researched.

Calculation of the Distribution Rule of Equivalent Strain Rate near Explosive Welding Interface

The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of equivalent strain rate near the stagnation point and probe into the effects of colliding angle on strain rate. An ideal fluid model of symmetrically colliding was used to research them. Calculations showed the equivalent strain rate and the colliding half angle are closely related to each other with the material geometrical size and explosive velocity selected, the equivalent strain has large gradient within several jet thicknesses near the stagnation point, the maximal strain points are lined up along a beeline, but a curve near the stagnation point. With different colliding angles, they can be fitted by using exponential curve. That is, the exponential curve can be regarded as the token curve in explosive welding..

Interfacial Characterization and Mechanical Property of Ti/Cu Clad Sheet Produced by Explosive Welding and Annealing

It was aim to investigate the interfacial microstructure and shear performance of Ti/Cu clad sheet produced by explosive welding and annealing. The experimental results demonstrate that the alternate distribution of interfacial collision and vortex of flyer layer forms in the interface a few of solidification structure. TEM confirms that the interfacial interlayer contains obvious lattice distortion structure and intermetallic compounds. It interprets the explosive welding as the interfacial deformation and thermal diffusion process between dissimilar metals. The interfacial shear strength is very close to the Cu matrix strength, which is determined by the mixture of the mechanical bonding and metallurgical bonding. Several cracks exist on the shear fracture owing to the intermetallic compound in the interfacial solidifi cation structure and also the probable welding inclusion.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Galvanized Steel/AA6061 Joints by Laser Fusion Brazing Welding

Laser fusion brazing welding was proposed.Galvanized steel/AA6061 lapped joint was obtained by laser fusion brazing welding technique using the laser-induced aluminium molten pool spreading and wetting the solid steel surface.Wide joint interface was formed using the rectangular laser beam coupled with the synchronous powder feeding.The result showed that the tiny structure with the composition of a-Al and Al–Si eutectic was formed in the weld close to the Al side.And close to the steel side,a layer of compact Fe–Al–Si intermetallics,including the Al-rich FeAl3,Fe2Al5 phases and Al–Fe–Si s1 phase,was generated with the thickness of about 10–20 lm.Transverse tensile shows the brittlefractured characteristic along to the seam/steel interface with the maximum yield strength of 152.5 MPa due to the existence of hardening phases s1 and Al–Fe intermetallics.

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Joints Made by Bypass-Current MIG Welding–Brazing of Magnesium Alloy to Galvanized Steel

Experiments were carried out with bypass-current MIG welding–brazing of magnesium alloy to galvanized steel to investigate the effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of lap joints. Experimental results indicated that the joint efficiency tended to increase at first and then to reduce with the increase of heat input. The joint efficiency reached its maximum of about 70% when the heat input was 155 J/mm. The metallurgical bonding between magnesium alloy and steel was a thin continuous reaction layer, and the intermetallic compound layer consisted of Mg–Zn and slight Fe–Al phases. It is concluded that bypass-current MIG welding–brazing is a stable welding process, which can be used to achieve defect-free joining of magnesium alloy to steel with good weld appearances.

Lower limit law of welding windows for explosive welding of dissimilar metals

The influence of explosive charge thickness on the quality of explosive welding of dissimilar metals was investigated.The lower limit law should be followed in the course of explosive welding.Three welding experiments of stainless steel（410S）and steel（Q345R）were carried out in three different kinds of explosive charge thicknesses,namely 15,25and 35mm.Interfaces of morphology and mechanical properties of three samples were observed and tested.It was found that micro and small wavy bonding is mainly formed for charge thickness of 15mm whose strength is the highest with minor deformation and few defects in the interface;small and middle wavy bonding are mainly formed for charge thickness of 25 mm whose strength is comparatively mediocre;big wavy bonding is mainly formed for charge thickness of 35 mm whose strength is the lowest.The cause of high bonding strength of the micro and small wavy interface was analyzed and verified on the basis of the results of Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer（EPMA）tests of three selected samples.