Most of the reconstruction-based robust adaptive beamforming(RAB)algorithms require the covariance matrix reconstruction(CMR)by high-complexity integral computation.A Gauss-Legendre quadrature(GLQ)method with the high...Most of the reconstruction-based robust adaptive beamforming(RAB)algorithms require the covariance matrix reconstruction(CMR)by high-complexity integral computation.A Gauss-Legendre quadrature(GLQ)method with the highest algebraic precision in the interpolation-type quadrature is proposed to reduce the complexity.The interference angular sector in RAB is regarded as the GLQ integral range,and the zeros of the threeorder Legendre orthogonal polynomial is selected as the GLQ nodes.Consequently,the CMR can be efficiently obtained by simple summation with respect to the three GLQ nodes without integral.The new method has significantly reduced the complexity as compared to most state-of-the-art reconstruction-based RAB techniques,and it is able to provide the similar performance close to the optimal.These advantages are verified by numerical simulations.展开更多
针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据...针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据稀疏干扰来向的导向矢量近似正交,求出干扰导向矢量对应的干扰功率,从而完成协方差矩阵重构;对期望信号来向及其邻域进行权值求解,对加权后的数据特征分解,利用多信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC)谱估计算法对信号区域积分得到信号协方差矩阵,将其主特征值近似为期望信号的导向矢量完成重新估计。仿真结果表明,在无误差时,算法输出信干噪比(Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio, SINR)接近理论最优;在多种误差环境下输出性能随信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)的变化均具有较好的稳健性,并且在信号来向可精准形成波束;在小快拍时可以较快收敛至理论最优值。展开更多
Consider the problems of frequency-invariant beampattern optimization and robustness in broadband beamforming.Firstly,a global optimization algorithm,which is based on phase compensation of the array manifolds,is used...Consider the problems of frequency-invariant beampattern optimization and robustness in broadband beamforming.Firstly,a global optimization algorithm,which is based on phase compensation of the array manifolds,is used to construct the frequency-invariant beampattern.Compared with some methods presented recently,the proposed algorithm is not only available to get the global optimal solution,but also simple for physical realization.Meanwhile,a robust adaptive broadband beamforming algorithm is also derived by reconstructing the covariance matrix.The essence of the proposed algorithm is to estimate the space-frequency spectrum using Capon estimator firstly,then integrate over a region separated from the desired signal direction to reconstruct the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix,and finally caleulate the adaptive beamformer weights with the reconstructed matrix.The design of beamformer is formulated as a convex optimization problem to be solved.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is almost always close to the optimal value across a wide range of signal to noise ratios.展开更多
相比均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array,ULA),相同阵元数目下稀疏线阵(Sparse Linear Array,SLA)的抗耦合效应更好,阵列孔径更大,到达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的自由度(Degrees Of Freedom,DOF)更高,因而近年来得到了广泛的研...相比均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array,ULA),相同阵元数目下稀疏线阵(Sparse Linear Array,SLA)的抗耦合效应更好,阵列孔径更大,到达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的自由度(Degrees Of Freedom,DOF)更高,因而近年来得到了广泛的研究。为了可以进行高DOF的DOA估计,学者们开始研究SLA的差分虚拟阵元,差分虚拟阵元对应的协方差矩阵相比原阵元对应的协方差矩阵维度更大,因而估计的DOF更高。当SLA的差分虚拟阵元连续取值时,可以利用已有阵元的接收信息,得到SLA的协方差矩阵,在该矩阵的基础之上构建差分虚拟阵元的协方差矩阵进而进行DOA估计。然而,当SLA的差分虚拟阵元存在孔洞时,即差分虚拟阵元不能连续取值时,不能直接利用重构的协方差矩阵进行DOA估计,需要恢复完全增广协方差矩阵的信息再进行DOA估计。对于该问题,本文基于矢量化后原协方差矩阵和虚拟差分阵协方差矩阵的误差分布情况,并结合完全增广协方差矩阵的低秩特性和半正定特性来构建优化问题。通过求解该问题来恢复维度更高的完全增广协方差矩阵。最后对该矩阵进行奇异值分解,利用多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)算法就可以获得多源的空间谱。本文最后通过数值仿真试验验证了所提算法可以实现高DOF的DOA估计,并且相比于现有算法,本文所提算法对欠定DOA估计的效果更好,多源DOA估计的精度更高,产生的误差更小。展开更多
自适应波束形成随着数字信号处理技术的不断发展,已广泛应用于雷达、语音、医疗等领域。然而,当阵列发生扰动时,将会导致干扰偏离零陷位置,甚至会导致算法完全失效。为了解决现有波束形成算法在发生导向矢量失配和干扰位置扰动时波束形...自适应波束形成随着数字信号处理技术的不断发展,已广泛应用于雷达、语音、医疗等领域。然而,当阵列发生扰动时,将会导致干扰偏离零陷位置,甚至会导致算法完全失效。为了解决现有波束形成算法在发生导向矢量失配和干扰位置扰动时波束形成器性能急剧下降的问题,本文提出了一种导向矢量失配条件下多约束鲁棒波束形成算法。本文参照实际情况引入更多约束,增加了双边范数扰动约束以及二次相似性约束,允许了误差产生的范围。此外,本文确保感兴趣信号(Signal Of Interest,SOI)的到达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)远离干扰导向矢量的所有线性组合的DOA区域,保证了最优导向矢量的DOA位于SOI的角扇形区域。首先,以波束形成器输出最大功率为目标,并结合实际环境下的约束条件,建立了最优导向矢量的数学模型。其次,利用定义的干扰范围重构协方差矩阵,以此来展宽零陷,提高系统的抗干扰性能。最后,先用内点法求得替代变量的解,以此求解针对导向矢量的二次不等式约束问题;随后在约束模型中代入替代变量,用交替方向乘子法迭代求解导向矢量,在每一次的迭代中都会得到显示解。同时,本文还对算法的时间复杂度和收敛性进行了分析。实验结果显示,相较于传统的波束形成算法,所提方法加宽了干扰处零陷,使得波束形成器的抗干扰性能得到了一定的提高,且能够很好地校正失配导向矢量。展开更多
针对基于互质阵列波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计方法对连续虚拟阵元得到的样本协方差矩阵信息利用率不高的问题,提出一种基于互质阵列的协方差矩阵重构算法。该算法利用最大连续虚拟均匀线阵协方差矩阵的每一行元素进行Toepl...针对基于互质阵列波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计方法对连续虚拟阵元得到的样本协方差矩阵信息利用率不高的问题,提出一种基于互质阵列的协方差矩阵重构算法。该算法利用最大连续虚拟均匀线阵协方差矩阵的每一行元素进行Toeplitz矩阵重构,再对这些矩阵加权求和获得新的满秩协方差矩阵,提高对接收数据的利用率并消除噪声贡献对DOA估计结果的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能实现欠定DOA估计,在低信噪比、小快拍数、入射角度间隔小条件下有良好的角度估计精度。展开更多
为解决传统波束形成器在干扰位置发生扰动和导向矢量失配时,造成自适应权重的不匹配,从而导致算法性能急剧下降,甚至期望信号相消的问题,提出一种联合协方差矩阵重构和交替方向乘子法(Alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM...为解决传统波束形成器在干扰位置发生扰动和导向矢量失配时,造成自适应权重的不匹配,从而导致算法性能急剧下降,甚至期望信号相消的问题,提出一种联合协方差矩阵重构和交替方向乘子法(Alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)的鲁棒波束形成方法。对此,首先基于波束形成器最大输出功率准则,设计了求解最优导向矢量的优化模型。接着,根据Capon算法空间功率谱函数,利用定义的干扰范围对协方差矩阵进行重构,以展宽零陷并增强系统抗运动干扰能力。最后,关于导向矢量的二次不等式约束问题,本质为估计导向矢量和期望导向矢量间的差异,该方法利用ADMM对该二次规划问题进行迭代求解,并在每次迭代中获得导向矢量的具体解。另外,也分析了算法的复杂度。实验结果表明:对比现有的波束形成算法,在干扰处加宽了零陷,提高了波束的抗干扰性;结合复杂度也证明了其计算速度优于现有的算法,并且能够很好地校正失配导向矢量。本方法也为求解二次不等式约束问题和提高波束形成算法性能提供了一种思路和途径。展开更多
针对采样协方差矩阵中含有信号分量和信号导向矢量失配造成的自适应波束形成器性能下降的问题,提出了一种导向矢量矫正和双层干扰加噪声协方差矩阵重构的稳健波束形成算法。首先,通过子空间投影方法去除接收数据中的干扰和噪声分量来进...针对采样协方差矩阵中含有信号分量和信号导向矢量失配造成的自适应波束形成器性能下降的问题,提出了一种导向矢量矫正和双层干扰加噪声协方差矩阵重构的稳健波束形成算法。首先,通过子空间投影方法去除接收数据中的干扰和噪声分量来进一步矫正信号导向矢量;然后,利用Capon功率谱初步重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵;接着,利用干扰子空间的正交性和多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)功率谱进一步精确重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵;最后,计算出最优权值矢量。仿真结果表明,所提算法在大角度失配和低快拍数条件下具有较好的稳健性。展开更多
In view of the difficulty of obtaining downlink channel state information,partial reciprocity based channel covariance matrix(CCM)reconstruction has attracted a lot of attention in frequency division duplex(FDD)multi-...In view of the difficulty of obtaining downlink channel state information,partial reciprocity based channel covariance matrix(CCM)reconstruction has attracted a lot of attention in frequency division duplex(FDD)multi-antenna systems.Taking both the impact of CCM reconstruction on system performance and design complexity,we investigate an adaptive CCM reconstruction in this paper.Specifically,to effectively evaluate the validity of the reciprocity,we firstly analyze the characteristics of the partial reciprocity and define a reciprocity evaluation criterion.Then,we propose a partial antenna based angular power spectrum(APS)estimating algorithm to further reduce the complexity of the CCM reconstruction.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed schemes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(618711496197115962071144)。
文摘Most of the reconstruction-based robust adaptive beamforming(RAB)algorithms require the covariance matrix reconstruction(CMR)by high-complexity integral computation.A Gauss-Legendre quadrature(GLQ)method with the highest algebraic precision in the interpolation-type quadrature is proposed to reduce the complexity.The interference angular sector in RAB is regarded as the GLQ integral range,and the zeros of the threeorder Legendre orthogonal polynomial is selected as the GLQ nodes.Consequently,the CMR can be efficiently obtained by simple summation with respect to the three GLQ nodes without integral.The new method has significantly reduced the complexity as compared to most state-of-the-art reconstruction-based RAB techniques,and it is able to provide the similar performance close to the optimal.These advantages are verified by numerical simulations.
文摘针对传统的自适应波束形成算法在目标导向矢量失配及接收数据的协方差矩阵存在误差时,性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于小快拍场景的联合协方差矩阵重构,及导向矢量优化的稳健波束形成算法。对不确定集约束求解得到干扰导向矢量,根据稀疏干扰来向的导向矢量近似正交,求出干扰导向矢量对应的干扰功率,从而完成协方差矩阵重构;对期望信号来向及其邻域进行权值求解,对加权后的数据特征分解,利用多信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification, MUSIC)谱估计算法对信号区域积分得到信号协方差矩阵,将其主特征值近似为期望信号的导向矢量完成重新估计。仿真结果表明,在无误差时,算法输出信干噪比(Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio, SINR)接近理论最优;在多种误差环境下输出性能随信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)的变化均具有较好的稳健性,并且在信号来向可精准形成波束;在小快拍时可以较快收敛至理论最优值。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51279043,61201411)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HEUCF120502)the National Key Laboratory on Underwater Acoustic Technology Foundation of China(9140C200203110C2001)
文摘Consider the problems of frequency-invariant beampattern optimization and robustness in broadband beamforming.Firstly,a global optimization algorithm,which is based on phase compensation of the array manifolds,is used to construct the frequency-invariant beampattern.Compared with some methods presented recently,the proposed algorithm is not only available to get the global optimal solution,but also simple for physical realization.Meanwhile,a robust adaptive broadband beamforming algorithm is also derived by reconstructing the covariance matrix.The essence of the proposed algorithm is to estimate the space-frequency spectrum using Capon estimator firstly,then integrate over a region separated from the desired signal direction to reconstruct the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix,and finally caleulate the adaptive beamformer weights with the reconstructed matrix.The design of beamformer is formulated as a convex optimization problem to be solved.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is almost always close to the optimal value across a wide range of signal to noise ratios.
文摘相比均匀线阵(Uniform Linear Array,ULA),相同阵元数目下稀疏线阵(Sparse Linear Array,SLA)的抗耦合效应更好,阵列孔径更大,到达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的自由度(Degrees Of Freedom,DOF)更高,因而近年来得到了广泛的研究。为了可以进行高DOF的DOA估计,学者们开始研究SLA的差分虚拟阵元,差分虚拟阵元对应的协方差矩阵相比原阵元对应的协方差矩阵维度更大,因而估计的DOF更高。当SLA的差分虚拟阵元连续取值时,可以利用已有阵元的接收信息,得到SLA的协方差矩阵,在该矩阵的基础之上构建差分虚拟阵元的协方差矩阵进而进行DOA估计。然而,当SLA的差分虚拟阵元存在孔洞时,即差分虚拟阵元不能连续取值时,不能直接利用重构的协方差矩阵进行DOA估计,需要恢复完全增广协方差矩阵的信息再进行DOA估计。对于该问题,本文基于矢量化后原协方差矩阵和虚拟差分阵协方差矩阵的误差分布情况,并结合完全增广协方差矩阵的低秩特性和半正定特性来构建优化问题。通过求解该问题来恢复维度更高的完全增广协方差矩阵。最后对该矩阵进行奇异值分解,利用多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)算法就可以获得多源的空间谱。本文最后通过数值仿真试验验证了所提算法可以实现高DOF的DOA估计,并且相比于现有算法,本文所提算法对欠定DOA估计的效果更好,多源DOA估计的精度更高,产生的误差更小。
文摘自适应波束形成随着数字信号处理技术的不断发展,已广泛应用于雷达、语音、医疗等领域。然而,当阵列发生扰动时,将会导致干扰偏离零陷位置,甚至会导致算法完全失效。为了解决现有波束形成算法在发生导向矢量失配和干扰位置扰动时波束形成器性能急剧下降的问题,本文提出了一种导向矢量失配条件下多约束鲁棒波束形成算法。本文参照实际情况引入更多约束,增加了双边范数扰动约束以及二次相似性约束,允许了误差产生的范围。此外,本文确保感兴趣信号(Signal Of Interest,SOI)的到达方向(Direction Of Arrival,DOA)远离干扰导向矢量的所有线性组合的DOA区域,保证了最优导向矢量的DOA位于SOI的角扇形区域。首先,以波束形成器输出最大功率为目标,并结合实际环境下的约束条件,建立了最优导向矢量的数学模型。其次,利用定义的干扰范围重构协方差矩阵,以此来展宽零陷,提高系统的抗干扰性能。最后,先用内点法求得替代变量的解,以此求解针对导向矢量的二次不等式约束问题;随后在约束模型中代入替代变量,用交替方向乘子法迭代求解导向矢量,在每一次的迭代中都会得到显示解。同时,本文还对算法的时间复杂度和收敛性进行了分析。实验结果显示,相较于传统的波束形成算法,所提方法加宽了干扰处零陷,使得波束形成器的抗干扰性能得到了一定的提高,且能够很好地校正失配导向矢量。
文摘针对基于互质阵列波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计方法对连续虚拟阵元得到的样本协方差矩阵信息利用率不高的问题,提出一种基于互质阵列的协方差矩阵重构算法。该算法利用最大连续虚拟均匀线阵协方差矩阵的每一行元素进行Toeplitz矩阵重构,再对这些矩阵加权求和获得新的满秩协方差矩阵,提高对接收数据的利用率并消除噪声贡献对DOA估计结果的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能实现欠定DOA估计,在低信噪比、小快拍数、入射角度间隔小条件下有良好的角度估计精度。
文摘为解决传统波束形成器在干扰位置发生扰动和导向矢量失配时,造成自适应权重的不匹配,从而导致算法性能急剧下降,甚至期望信号相消的问题,提出一种联合协方差矩阵重构和交替方向乘子法(Alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)的鲁棒波束形成方法。对此,首先基于波束形成器最大输出功率准则,设计了求解最优导向矢量的优化模型。接着,根据Capon算法空间功率谱函数,利用定义的干扰范围对协方差矩阵进行重构,以展宽零陷并增强系统抗运动干扰能力。最后,关于导向矢量的二次不等式约束问题,本质为估计导向矢量和期望导向矢量间的差异,该方法利用ADMM对该二次规划问题进行迭代求解,并在每次迭代中获得导向矢量的具体解。另外,也分析了算法的复杂度。实验结果表明:对比现有的波束形成算法,在干扰处加宽了零陷,提高了波束的抗干扰性;结合复杂度也证明了其计算速度优于现有的算法,并且能够很好地校正失配导向矢量。本方法也为求解二次不等式约束问题和提高波束形成算法性能提供了一种思路和途径。
文摘针对采样协方差矩阵中含有信号分量和信号导向矢量失配造成的自适应波束形成器性能下降的问题,提出了一种导向矢量矫正和双层干扰加噪声协方差矩阵重构的稳健波束形成算法。首先,通过子空间投影方法去除接收数据中的干扰和噪声分量来进一步矫正信号导向矢量;然后,利用Capon功率谱初步重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵;接着,利用干扰子空间的正交性和多重信号分类(Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC)功率谱进一步精确重构干扰加噪声协方差矩阵;最后,计算出最优权值矢量。仿真结果表明,所提算法在大角度失配和低快拍数条件下具有较好的稳健性。
基金supported in part by the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Programs(2023-ZDLGY-33,2022ZDLGY05-03,2022ZDLGY05-04,2021ZDLGY04-08).
文摘In view of the difficulty of obtaining downlink channel state information,partial reciprocity based channel covariance matrix(CCM)reconstruction has attracted a lot of attention in frequency division duplex(FDD)multi-antenna systems.Taking both the impact of CCM reconstruction on system performance and design complexity,we investigate an adaptive CCM reconstruction in this paper.Specifically,to effectively evaluate the validity of the reciprocity,we firstly analyze the characteristics of the partial reciprocity and define a reciprocity evaluation criterion.Then,we propose a partial antenna based angular power spectrum(APS)estimating algorithm to further reduce the complexity of the CCM reconstruction.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed schemes.