Objective:To investigate the effects of Sishen pill on the expression of type I interferon(IFN)and type III interferon and their receptors in colonic tissues of mice with acute ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:Male C57B...Objective:To investigate the effects of Sishen pill on the expression of type I interferon(IFN)and type III interferon and their receptors in colonic tissues of mice with acute ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:Male C57BL/6Cnc mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,sishenwan group and salazosulfapyridine group.The model was made with 0.2 mL 4%dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)for 5 days,and the control group was given 0.2mL normal saline by gavage.On the second day of modeling,sishen pill group was given 0.2mL 1.5 g·kg^(-1) sishen pill,and SASP group was given 0.2mL 0.25 g·kg^(-1) sulfasalazine,twice a day,for 7 days.During the administration period,the disease activity index(DAI)of mice was calculated every day.After administration,the histopathological changes of colon tissues of mice in each group were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining,and the histological scores were calculated.The expression of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 mRNAs in colon tissues of mice in each group were detected by qRT-PCR.The expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 in colon tissues of mice in each group were detected by ELISA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of interferon receptors IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 in colon tissues of mice in each group.Results:Compared with the control group,the DAI of mice increased significantly(P<0.001)in the model group.The inflammatory cells in colonic tissues infiltrated heavily,lymph nodes enlarged,colonic mucosal structure destroyed,crypt structure lost,inflammation involved a wide range,and the histological score increased significantly(P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand IFNλ2 mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01).The expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).The levels of IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the DAI decreased significantly(P<0.001)in Sishen pill group,the infiltration of inflammatory cells in colon tissue were significantly reduced,the structural regeneration of colon mucosa was significantly recovered,the crypt structure was significantly recovered,the lymph nodes were significantly reduced,the range of inflammation involvement was reduced,and the histological score was significantly reduced(P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand IFN-λ2 mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.001).The levels of IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.05).Conclusion:Sishen pill may alleviate the symptoms and signs of mice with acute ulcerative colitis by regulating the expression of type I and type III interferon and their receptors in colon tissues.展开更多
AIM: To review the prevalence,clinical data and course of interferon-associated type 1 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS: Search of all interferon(INF)-related type 1diabetes mellitus(T1DM) ...AIM: To review the prevalence,clinical data and course of interferon-associated type 1 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS: Search of all interferon(INF)-related type 1diabetes mellitus(T1DM) cases published in the English literature from 1992 to December 2013 according to the key words: chronic hepatitis C infection,diabetes mellitus type 1,insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,and interferon treatment.We found 107 cases and analyzed their clinical and laboratory data and long-term followup.Due to the predominance of cases described in Japanese literature,we analyzed separately cases of Caucasian and Japanese origin.In addition we describe a representative case with HCV who developed INFrelated T1 DM.RESULTS: Our data show that INF treatment increases the risk of developing T1 DM by 10-18 fold compared with the corresponding general population and the median age of onset was 43 years(range: 24-66 years) in Caucasians and 52 years(range: 45-63 years) in Japanese.Most patients developed T1 DM during INF treatment,after a median time-period of 4.2 and 5.7 mo in Caucasian and Japanese groups,respectively.The clinical course was characterized by a fulminant course with abrupt severe hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis,a high titer of anti-islet autoantibodies and almost all patients(105/107) permanently required insulin therapy with a follow-up of up to 4 years.A substantial number of patients had evidence for other autoimmune disorders mainly thyroid diseases(25% and 31% in Caucasian and Japanese groups,respectively).CONCLUSION: INF-associated T1 DM in HCV has a fulminant course,often associated with other autoimmune diseases,and results almost inevitably in permanent insulin therapy requirement.展开更多
Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent unin...Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.展开更多
To study the effects of Icariin on expression of osteopontin （OPN） mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro and to explore its possible mechanisms in preventing osteoporosis. OB was isolated from calvar...To study the effects of Icariin on expression of osteopontin （OPN） mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro and to explore its possible mechanisms in preventing osteoporosis. OB was isolated from calvaria of new-born new-born fetal Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats by means of modified sequential collagenase digestion and incubated in MEM medium and the cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, OB was identified by alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining. Different concentration （0.1μg/mL, 1.0 μg/mL, 10 μ/mL） of Icariin was added to the OB and incubated. The effect of Icariin on the proliferation and osteogenesis of OB was monitored by MTT analysis. The expression of type l collagen was estimated with immunohistochemistry techniques. The expression levels of mRNA of OPN in the cells in every group were examined by reverse-transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen was strengthened gradually with the increase of Icariin concentration and peaked with 10 μg/mL Icariin on the 5th day. Icariin could significantly promote the expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro. The levels of expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen were changed with different concentration of Icariin. Icariin could effectively prevent and treat osteoporosis and promote the bone formation.展开更多
The relationship between NaCl concentration and the phase change behavior of microemulsion of anionic surfactant was characterized by the salinity scan experiments.The wettability of WinsorⅠtype surfactant solution(W...The relationship between NaCl concentration and the phase change behavior of microemulsion of anionic surfactant was characterized by the salinity scan experiments.The wettability of WinsorⅠtype surfactant solution(WⅠsolution)and the effect of NaCL concentration on phase change behavior of WⅠsolution and imbibition in oil-wet porous media were investigated by microfluidic experiments in this study.The WⅠsolution and WinsorⅠtype microemulsion are similar in wetting phase with stronger wettability than other phases.Two main mechanisms of WⅠsolution enhancing imbibitions recovery in oil wet porous media are the wetting phase drive and residual oil solubilization.Under the salinity condition of WinsorⅠtype microemulsion,the NaCl concentration has strong impact on the imbibition mechanism of WⅠsolution,the higher the NaCl concentration,the complex the imbibition process and the higher the imbibition efficiency will be.The NaCl concentration has strong impact on the solubilization ability to oil of the WⅠsolution,the higher the NaCl concentration,the stronger the solubility of the WⅠsolution to residual oil will be.展开更多
N-type Si-based type-Ⅰ clathrates with different Ga content were synthesized by combining the solid-state reaction method,melting method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method.The effects of Ga composition on high...N-type Si-based type-Ⅰ clathrates with different Ga content were synthesized by combining the solid-state reaction method,melting method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method.The effects of Ga composition on high temperature thermoelectric transport properties were investigated.The results show that at room temperature,the carrier concentration decreases, while the carrier mobility increases slightly with increasing Ga content.The Seebeck coefficient increases with increasing Ga content. Among all the samples,Ba7.93Ga17.13Si28.72exhibits higher Seebeck coefficient than the others and reaches -135μV·K^-1 at 1000 K.The sample prepared by this method exhibits very high electrical conductivity,and reaches 1.95x 10^5 S·m^-1 for Ba8.01Ga16.61Si28.93 at room temperature.The thermal conductivity of all samples is almost temperature independent in the temperature range of 300-1000 K,indicating the behaviour of a typical metal.The maximum ZT value of 0.75 is obtained at 1000 K for the compound Ba7.93Ga17.13Si28.72.展开更多
Type I interferons (IFN) are well studied cytokines with anti-viral and immune-modulating functions. Type I IFNsare produced following viral infections, but until recently, the mechanisms of viral recognition leading ...Type I interferons (IFN) are well studied cytokines with anti-viral and immune-modulating functions. Type I IFNsare produced following viral infections, but until recently, the mechanisms of viral recognition leading to IFN productionwere largely unknown. Toll like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as key transducers of type I IFN during viral infectionsby recognizing various viral components. Furthermore, much progress has been made in defining the signaling path-ways downstream of TLRs for type I IFN production. TLR7 and TLR9 have become apparent as universally importantin inducing type I IFN during infection with most viruses, particularly by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. New intracellularviral pattern recognition receptors leading to type I IFN production have been identified. Many bacteria can also inducethe up-regulation of these cytokines. Interestingly, recent studies have found a detrimental effect on host cells if type IIFN is produced during infection with the intracellular gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Thisreview will discuss the recent advances made in defining the signaling pathways leading to type I IFN production.展开更多
We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 2b. The patien...We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 2b. The patient presented with polydipsia, polyuria, hypergly-cemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, combined with C-peptide secretion defi ciency and positive islet cell autoantibody (ICAb). IFN-α 2b treatment was terminated and in-stead insulin treatment was initiated. Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-α 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent. Her serum HBV DNA became negative and serum transaminase returned to the normal level after a 10-mo period of IFN therapy. Type 1 DM induced by IFN-α is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-α therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This is the first case report from China.展开更多
AIM: To delineate the mechanisms of renal vasocon- striction in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), we investigated the expression of typeⅠinositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (IP3RⅠ) of kidney in mice with fulminant hep...AIM: To delineate the mechanisms of renal vasocon- striction in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), we investigated the expression of typeⅠinositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (IP3RⅠ) of kidney in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: FHF was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in D-galactosamine (GalN) sensitized BALB/c mice. There were 20 mice in normal saline (NS)-treated group, 20 mice in LPS-treated group, 20 mice in GalN- treated group, and 60 mice in GalN/LPS-treated group (FHF group). Liver and kidney tissues were obtained at 2, 6, and 9 h after administration. The liver and kidney specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for studying morphological changes under light microscope. The expression of IP3RⅠin kidney tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: Kidney tissues were morphologically normal at all time points in all groups. IP3RⅠproteins were found localized in the plasma region of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in kidney by immunohistochemical staining. In kidney of mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h IP3RⅠstaining was up- regulated. Results from Western blot demonstrated consistent and significant increment of IP3RⅠexpression in mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h (t = 3.16, P < 0.05; t = 5.43, P < 0.01). Furthermore, we evaluated IP3RⅠ mRNA expression by RT-PCR and observed marked up- regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA in FHF samples at 2 h, 6 h and 9 h compared to controls (t = 2.97, P < 0.05; t = 4.42, P < 0.01; t = 3.81, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of IP3RⅠprotein increased in GMC and renal VSMC of mice with FHF, possibly caused by up-regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA.展开更多
The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds important reserves of oil shale which is still under geological status.Herein,the characterization and pyrolysis kinetics of typeⅠkerogen-rich oil shale of the western Centr...The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds important reserves of oil shale which is still under geological status.Herein,the characterization and pyrolysis kinetics of typeⅠkerogen-rich oil shale of the western Central Kongo(CK)were investigated.X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis(TG/DTA)showed that CK oil shale exhibits a siliceous mineral matrix with a consistent organic matter rich in aliphatic chains.The pyrolysis behavior of kerogen revealed the presence of a single mass loss between 300 and 550°C,estimated at 12.5%and attributed to the oil production stage.Non-isothermal kinetics was performed by determining the activation energy using the iterative isoconversional model-free methods and exhibits a constant value with E=211.5±4.7 kJ mol.1.The most probable kinetic model describing the kerogen pyrolysis mechanism was obtained using the Coats–Redfern and Arrhenius plot methods.The results showed a unique kinetic triplet confirming the nature of kerogen,predominantly typeⅠand reinforcing the previously reported geochemical characteristics of the CK oil shale.Besides,the calculation of thermodynamic parameters(ΔH~*,ΔS~*andΔG~*)corresponding to the pyrolysis of typeⅠkerogen revealed that the process is non-spontaneous,in agreement with DTA experiments.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160835)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Sishen pill on the expression of type I interferon(IFN)and type III interferon and their receptors in colonic tissues of mice with acute ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods:Male C57BL/6Cnc mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,sishenwan group and salazosulfapyridine group.The model was made with 0.2 mL 4%dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)for 5 days,and the control group was given 0.2mL normal saline by gavage.On the second day of modeling,sishen pill group was given 0.2mL 1.5 g·kg^(-1) sishen pill,and SASP group was given 0.2mL 0.25 g·kg^(-1) sulfasalazine,twice a day,for 7 days.During the administration period,the disease activity index(DAI)of mice was calculated every day.After administration,the histopathological changes of colon tissues of mice in each group were observed by hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining,and the histological scores were calculated.The expression of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 mRNAs in colon tissues of mice in each group were detected by qRT-PCR.The expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 in colon tissues of mice in each group were detected by ELISA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of interferon receptors IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 in colon tissues of mice in each group.Results:Compared with the control group,the DAI of mice increased significantly(P<0.001)in the model group.The inflammatory cells in colonic tissues infiltrated heavily,lymph nodes enlarged,colonic mucosal structure destroyed,crypt structure lost,inflammation involved a wide range,and the histological score increased significantly(P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand IFNλ2 mRNA were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01).The expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).The levels of IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 were significantly decreased(P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the DAI decreased significantly(P<0.001)in Sishen pill group,the infiltration of inflammatory cells in colon tissue were significantly reduced,the structural regeneration of colon mucosa was significantly recovered,the crypt structure was significantly recovered,the lymph nodes were significantly reduced,the range of inflammation involvement was reduced,and the histological score was significantly reduced(P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand IFN-λ2 mRNA were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.001).The levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-λ2 and IFN-λ3 were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.001).The levels of IFNAR1,IFNAR2 and IFNLR1 were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.05).Conclusion:Sishen pill may alleviate the symptoms and signs of mice with acute ulcerative colitis by regulating the expression of type I and type III interferon and their receptors in colon tissues.
文摘AIM: To review the prevalence,clinical data and course of interferon-associated type 1 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.METHODS: Search of all interferon(INF)-related type 1diabetes mellitus(T1DM) cases published in the English literature from 1992 to December 2013 according to the key words: chronic hepatitis C infection,diabetes mellitus type 1,insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,and interferon treatment.We found 107 cases and analyzed their clinical and laboratory data and long-term followup.Due to the predominance of cases described in Japanese literature,we analyzed separately cases of Caucasian and Japanese origin.In addition we describe a representative case with HCV who developed INFrelated T1 DM.RESULTS: Our data show that INF treatment increases the risk of developing T1 DM by 10-18 fold compared with the corresponding general population and the median age of onset was 43 years(range: 24-66 years) in Caucasians and 52 years(range: 45-63 years) in Japanese.Most patients developed T1 DM during INF treatment,after a median time-period of 4.2 and 5.7 mo in Caucasian and Japanese groups,respectively.The clinical course was characterized by a fulminant course with abrupt severe hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis,a high titer of anti-islet autoantibodies and almost all patients(105/107) permanently required insulin therapy with a follow-up of up to 4 years.A substantial number of patients had evidence for other autoimmune disorders mainly thyroid diseases(25% and 31% in Caucasian and Japanese groups,respectively).CONCLUSION: INF-associated T1 DM in HCV has a fulminant course,often associated with other autoimmune diseases,and results almost inevitably in permanent insulin therapy requirement.
基金supported by USPHS grant (No. AI053108) to DanielJ.J. CarrP20 (No. RR017703)+1 种基金an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindnesssupported by NIAID training grant(No. AI007633)
文摘Type I interferons are critical antiviral cytokines produced following herpes simplex virus type-1 （HSV-1） infection that act to inhibit viral spread. In the present study, we identify HSV-infected and adjacent uninfected corneal epithelial cells as the source of interferon-a. We also report mice deficient in the A1 chain of the type I IFN receptor （CDl18-/） are extremely sensitive to ocular infection with low doses （100 PFU） of HSV-1 as seen by significantly elevated viral titers in the cornea Compared to wild type （WT） controls. The enhanced susceptibil- ity correlated with a loss of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cell recruitment and aberrant chemokine production in the cornea despite mounting an adaptive immune response in the draining mandibular lymph node of CDll8/ mice. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of IFN production in both the innate immune response as well as eliciting chemokine production required to facilitate adaptive immune cell trafficking.
基金These authors contributed equally to this work. We thank Drs S Vaidya and E Chow （University of California Los Angeles, USA） for their help in setting up critical experimental systems. We greatly thank Dr K Holmes （University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, USA） for sharing with us 17C1-1 cell line and helping to optimize the protocol to produce high titered MHV-A59 virus stock. We also thank Drs R Baric and L Su （University of North Carolina, USA） for the gift of MHV-A59 and guidance of virus infection. We thank Dr K Lim （National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore） for the gift of Ubi plasmids. We thank Dr M Wathelet （University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA） for sharing the nsp3 construct. Also we thank Dr G Gao （Institute of Biophysics, CAS） for providing us with VSV.
This research was partly supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30728006） to Genhong Cheng and the National Basic Research Program of MOST （2004BA519A61, 2006CB504300, 2007DFC30190） to Hong Tang.
文摘To study the effects of Icariin on expression of osteopontin （OPN） mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro and to explore its possible mechanisms in preventing osteoporosis. OB was isolated from calvaria of new-born new-born fetal Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats by means of modified sequential collagenase digestion and incubated in MEM medium and the cell morphology was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope, OB was identified by alkaline phosphatase （ALP） staining. Different concentration （0.1μg/mL, 1.0 μg/mL, 10 μ/mL） of Icariin was added to the OB and incubated. The effect of Icariin on the proliferation and osteogenesis of OB was monitored by MTT analysis. The expression of type l collagen was estimated with immunohistochemistry techniques. The expression levels of mRNA of OPN in the cells in every group were examined by reverse-transcriptase ploymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen was strengthened gradually with the increase of Icariin concentration and peaked with 10 μg/mL Icariin on the 5th day. Icariin could significantly promote the expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen in rat osteoblasts in vitro. The levels of expression of OPN mRNA and type Ⅰ collagen were changed with different concentration of Icariin. Icariin could effectively prevent and treat osteoporosis and promote the bone formation.
基金Supported by China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05009-005-003).
文摘The relationship between NaCl concentration and the phase change behavior of microemulsion of anionic surfactant was characterized by the salinity scan experiments.The wettability of WinsorⅠtype surfactant solution(WⅠsolution)and the effect of NaCL concentration on phase change behavior of WⅠsolution and imbibition in oil-wet porous media were investigated by microfluidic experiments in this study.The WⅠsolution and WinsorⅠtype microemulsion are similar in wetting phase with stronger wettability than other phases.Two main mechanisms of WⅠsolution enhancing imbibitions recovery in oil wet porous media are the wetting phase drive and residual oil solubilization.Under the salinity condition of WinsorⅠtype microemulsion,the NaCl concentration has strong impact on the imbibition mechanism of WⅠsolution,the higher the NaCl concentration,the complex the imbibition process and the higher the imbibition efficiency will be.The NaCl concentration has strong impact on the solubilization ability to oil of the WⅠsolution,the higher the NaCl concentration,the stronger the solubility of the WⅠsolution to residual oil will be.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos 2007CB607501 and 2007CB607503)Yunnan Natural Science Fund (Grant No 2008CD114)
文摘N-type Si-based type-Ⅰ clathrates with different Ga content were synthesized by combining the solid-state reaction method,melting method and spark plasma sintering （SPS） method.The effects of Ga composition on high temperature thermoelectric transport properties were investigated.The results show that at room temperature,the carrier concentration decreases, while the carrier mobility increases slightly with increasing Ga content.The Seebeck coefficient increases with increasing Ga content. Among all the samples,Ba7.93Ga17.13Si28.72exhibits higher Seebeck coefficient than the others and reaches -135μV·K^-1 at 1000 K.The sample prepared by this method exhibits very high electrical conductivity,and reaches 1.95x 10^5 S·m^-1 for Ba8.01Ga16.61Si28.93 at room temperature.The thermal conductivity of all samples is almost temperature independent in the temperature range of 300-1000 K,indicating the behaviour of a typical metal.The maximum ZT value of 0.75 is obtained at 1000 K for the compound Ba7.93Ga17.13Si28.72.
基金A. K. Perry is supported by the Howard Hughes Medi-cal Institute predoctoral fellowship (Grant No. 59003787).Part of this work was also supported by National Insti-tutes of Health research grants RO1 CA87924, RO1AI056154, and R37 AI47868 to G. Cheng and from the MajorResearch Plan (30170461, 30430640) +1 种基金Natural ScienceFoundation of China, and the National Basic ResearchProgram of MOST (2002CB513001, 2001CB-510002)H. Tang. H. Tang is also a fellow of Outstanding YoungInvestigators of National Naturual Science Foundation ofChina (30025010).
文摘Type I interferons (IFN) are well studied cytokines with anti-viral and immune-modulating functions. Type I IFNsare produced following viral infections, but until recently, the mechanisms of viral recognition leading to IFN productionwere largely unknown. Toll like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as key transducers of type I IFN during viral infectionsby recognizing various viral components. Furthermore, much progress has been made in defining the signaling path-ways downstream of TLRs for type I IFN production. TLR7 and TLR9 have become apparent as universally importantin inducing type I IFN during infection with most viruses, particularly by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. New intracellularviral pattern recognition receptors leading to type I IFN production have been identified. Many bacteria can also inducethe up-regulation of these cytokines. Interestingly, recent studies have found a detrimental effect on host cells if type IIFN is produced during infection with the intracellular gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes. Thisreview will discuss the recent advances made in defining the signaling pathways leading to type I IFN production.
文摘We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-α) 2b. The patient presented with polydipsia, polyuria, hypergly-cemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, combined with C-peptide secretion defi ciency and positive islet cell autoantibody (ICAb). IFN-α 2b treatment was terminated and in-stead insulin treatment was initiated. Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-α 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent. Her serum HBV DNA became negative and serum transaminase returned to the normal level after a 10-mo period of IFN therapy. Type 1 DM induced by IFN-α is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B. We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-α therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This is the first case report from China.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30270607
文摘AIM: To delineate the mechanisms of renal vasocon- striction in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), we investigated the expression of typeⅠinositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptors (IP3RⅠ) of kidney in mice with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: FHF was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in D-galactosamine (GalN) sensitized BALB/c mice. There were 20 mice in normal saline (NS)-treated group, 20 mice in LPS-treated group, 20 mice in GalN- treated group, and 60 mice in GalN/LPS-treated group (FHF group). Liver and kidney tissues were obtained at 2, 6, and 9 h after administration. The liver and kidney specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for studying morphological changes under light microscope. The expression of IP3RⅠin kidney tissue was tested by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: Kidney tissues were morphologically normal at all time points in all groups. IP3RⅠproteins were found localized in the plasma region of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in kidney by immunohistochemical staining. In kidney of mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h IP3RⅠstaining was up- regulated. Results from Western blot demonstrated consistent and significant increment of IP3RⅠexpression in mice with FHF at 6 h and 9 h (t = 3.16, P < 0.05; t = 5.43, P < 0.01). Furthermore, we evaluated IP3RⅠ mRNA expression by RT-PCR and observed marked up- regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA in FHF samples at 2 h, 6 h and 9 h compared to controls (t = 2.97, P < 0.05; t = 4.42, P < 0.01; t = 3.81, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of IP3RⅠprotein increased in GMC and renal VSMC of mice with FHF, possibly caused by up-regulation of IP3RⅠmRNA.
基金financially supported by University of Mohammed V-Morocco under the Project No.SCH 04/09 and HassanⅡAcademy of Science and Technology,Morocco.
文摘The Democratic Republic of the Congo holds important reserves of oil shale which is still under geological status.Herein,the characterization and pyrolysis kinetics of typeⅠkerogen-rich oil shale of the western Central Kongo(CK)were investigated.X-ray diffraction,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis(TG/DTA)showed that CK oil shale exhibits a siliceous mineral matrix with a consistent organic matter rich in aliphatic chains.The pyrolysis behavior of kerogen revealed the presence of a single mass loss between 300 and 550°C,estimated at 12.5%and attributed to the oil production stage.Non-isothermal kinetics was performed by determining the activation energy using the iterative isoconversional model-free methods and exhibits a constant value with E=211.5±4.7 kJ mol.1.The most probable kinetic model describing the kerogen pyrolysis mechanism was obtained using the Coats–Redfern and Arrhenius plot methods.The results showed a unique kinetic triplet confirming the nature of kerogen,predominantly typeⅠand reinforcing the previously reported geochemical characteristics of the CK oil shale.Besides,the calculation of thermodynamic parameters(ΔH~*,ΔS~*andΔG~*)corresponding to the pyrolysis of typeⅠkerogen revealed that the process is non-spontaneous,in agreement with DTA experiments.
