Casework Intervention on Intergenerational Education

Intergenerational education is very common among aging population and at the time when birth restrictions are lifted.Studies have shown that intergenerational education proceeds negatively and has issues in which children develop psychological problems when the knowledge of the elderly do not keep up with the younger generations*12*5,the older educational ideas struggle against the modem ones,and so on,that further bring issues in the lack of self-identity and capacity from grandparents.Bad relationships between family members can affect the family,particularly in the communication between elderly caregivers and their grandchildren.It could further influence the parent-child relationship if unpleasant emotions pile up.

Expansion and Intergenerational Mobility of Education

Using data from the 2013 Chinese Household Income Project(CHIP2013),we analyze intergenerational educationa1 mobility and the distribution of benefits among different groups in the course of educational expansion.Overall,educational expansion has raised educational mobility,reduced the possibility of downward intergenerational educational mobility,and increased the possibility of upward intergenerational mobility.However,the degree to which different types of households have benefited from the expansion of education is closely related to the urban-rural gap and the level of parenta1 education.The expansion of basic education has been more advantageous to the children of less-educated parents,whereas the expansion of higher education has mainly benefited the children of households with higher levels of parental education and to urban children.If,therefore,China is to promote the balanced development of educational modernization and build a nation that is an educational power,it needs to make active adjustments at the policy leve1.

Tuition Fees for Higher Education and Intergenerational Mobility in China

This paper studies the impact of an increase in higher education tuition on intergenerational mobility in China.We develop a theoretical model for the parental decision about the investment on education of children to illustrate the impact from the perspective of borrowing constraint.We consider the Chinese college tuition and subsidy reform around 1986 as a quasi-natural experiment for identifying the policy effect of the reform on intergenerational educational mobility by using the data from the census of 2000 and the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS).We find that an increase in the education burden induced by the reform of college tuition has reduced intergenerational educational mobility,and it is more noticeable in regions with a relatively higher increment in the tuition fee.Our results are robust with consideration of the co-residence bias,government investment in elementary education,and the higher education expansion.

Measures and underlying mechanisms of inequality of opportunities in China:Evidence from CGSS data

This paper utilizes the latest CGSS data to quantitatively measure the contribution of inequality of opportunities to the overall income inequality in China.It finds that 27%of total income inequality can be attributed to inequality of opportunities,i.e.,the inequality component which is out of control for individuals.This ratio is comparable to that found in most Latin American countries with high income inequality.The heterogeneity analyses show that the inequality of opportunities is even larger for low-educated and low-income groups.Furthermore,the paper empirically verifies three possible channels underlying the measured inequality of opportunities,including labor market discrimination,intergenerational education persistence,and family background effect.Policy suggestions are derived based on the empirical analyses,such as reducing labor market discrimination,balancing education resources among different areas,making it more transparent in state sector recruitment,and lowering inequality by more progressive taxes and transfers.