Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,...Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.展开更多
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogen...Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders.The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis,as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on ILmediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions.This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled,"Interleukins in liver disease treatment",and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases.The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature,primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.展开更多
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study ...Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study was to describe plasma IL-6 variations in RA patients at Cité Verte District Hospital (Cameroon). Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included patients over 18 years old suffering from RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Patients with an infection were not included. The data collected were age, sex, smoking status, family history, disease duration, disease activity by DAS28, CRP, rheumatoid factor, and plasma level of IL-6. Bone erosion was sought on radiography and ultrasound. Result: We included 31 patients, 25 of whom were women (80.6%). The mean age was 47.27 ± 17.97 years. Disease activity was predominantly moderate (32.3%) and severe (32.3%). Mean IL-6 level was 15.29 ± 2.36 pg/ml (extremes: 11.26 pg/ml and 20.15 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a history of smoking. Similarly, IL-6 levels were higher in patients with mildly active RA in remission than in moderately and severely active RA. Mean IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with erosive RA (16.3 pg/ml VS 14.6 pg/ml). Conclusion: IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in men, weaned smokers and patients with bone erosions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL...BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and clinical features in the chronic phase of early-onset schizophrenia(EOS).AIM To investigate the relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and the clinical features of EOS.METHODS We measured serum IL-6 Levels from 74 patients with chronic schizophrenia,including 33 with age at onset<21 years(EOS group)and 41 with onset≥21 years in[adult-onset schizophrenia(AOS)group],and from 41 healthy controls.Symptom severities were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).RESULTS Serum IL-6 concentrations were higher in both EOS and AOS groups than healthy controls(F=22.32,P<0.01),but did not differ significantly between EOS and AOS groups(P>0.05)after controlling for age,body mass index,and other covariates.Negative symptom scores were higher in the EOS group than the AOS group(F=6.199,P=0.015).Serum IL-6 concentrations in the EOS group were negatively correlated with both total PANSS-negative symptom score(r=-0.389,P=0.032)and avolition/asociality subscore(r=-0.387,P=0.026).CONCLUSION Patients with EOS may have more severe negative symptoms than those with adult-onset schizophrenia during the chronic phase of the illness.IL-6 signaling may regulate negative symptoms and its avolition/asociality subsymptoms among the early-onset chronic schizophrenic patients.展开更多
Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who we...Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who were undergoing spinal fusion surgery for disc herniation were administered flurbiprofen 100 mg (P group, flurbiprofen group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg (D group, prednisolone group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen 100 mg (P + D group, flurbiprofen + prednisolone group) or normal saline (S group, saline group) 15 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Plasma samples were collected before surgery (T0) and on day 1 (T1), day 2 (T2) and day 3 (T3) following surgery. At the same time, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was assessed by SIRS criteria. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for collected samples were measured. Results: Other groups had significantly lower levels of IL-6, CRP and occurrence of SIRS than S group (p < 0.05). Compared to groups P and D, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in P + D group were significantly lower on T1 (p < 0.05). Peak levels of IL-6 in all groups were presented on T1 (p 0.05). The levels of CRP within three days were significantly different but did not show peak levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to prednisolone or flurbiprofen, combining flurbiprofen with prednisolone in elderly surgery patients led to an increased suppression of IL-6.展开更多
This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact ...This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers.Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase databases.The search used keywords including“inflammatory bowel disease”,“medicinal plants”,“natural molecules”,“anti-inflammatory”,and“ulcerative colitis”,and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles,of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process.This study provides preclinical data on natural products(NPs)that can potentially treat IBD,including ulcerative colitis.The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κβ),the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance,and oxidative stress.The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-17,via the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)1,NF-κβ-p65,and STAT3 pathways.In addition,NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis,as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD,and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.展开更多
目的评估择期肝切除术与肝射频消融术患者围手术期血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP的水平,探讨2种手术方式围手术期炎症反应程度及其与短期预后的关系。方法纳入37例肝占位患者为研究对象,其中择期肝切除术19例、肝射频消融术18例。采用ELISA法检...目的评估择期肝切除术与肝射频消融术患者围手术期血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP的水平,探讨2种手术方式围手术期炎症反应程度及其与短期预后的关系。方法纳入37例肝占位患者为研究对象,其中择期肝切除术19例、肝射频消融术18例。采用ELISA法检测患者术前、术毕及术后不同时间点血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平,通过非参数检验判断治疗前后的动态变化,并比较2种手术方式围手术期炎症因子水平及预后指标。结果治疗前后肝切除术患者围手术期血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平及肝射频消融术患者IL-6、CRP水平均存在动态变化(均P<0.05)。肝切除术后24 h及48 h的IL-6,术毕IL-10,术后24、48、72 h CRP水平均显著高于术前(均P<0.05);肝射频消融术术毕IL-6水平显著高于术前(P<0.05),IL-10、CRP水平在手术前后的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与肝切除术患者比较,射频消融术术后48 h CRP水平降低,术后住院时间缩短(均P<0.05)。结论肝射频消融术后全身炎症反应程度相对较小,可能有利于患者加速康复。展开更多
文摘Cytokines play pleiotropic roles in human health and disease by regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.Interleukins(ILs),a large group of cytokines,can be divided into seven families,including IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,and IL-17 families.Here,we review the functions of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of liver diseases,such as liver inflammation(e.g.,IL-35),alcoholrelated liver disease(e.g.,IL-11),non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(e.g.,IL-22),liver fibrosis(e.g.,Il-17a),and liver cancer(e.g.,IL-8).Overall,IL-1 family members are implicated in liver inflammation induced by different etiologies,such as alcohol consumption,high-fat diet,and hepatitis viruses.IL-2 family members mainly regulate T lymphocyte and NK cell proliferation and activation,and the differentiation of T cells.IL-6 family cytokines play important roles in acute phase response in liver infection,liver regeneration,and metabolic regulation,as well as lymphocyte activation.IL-8,also known as CXCL8,is activated in chronic liver diseases,which is associated with the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages.IL-10 family members contribute key roles to liver immune tolerance and immunosuppression in liver disease.IL-12 family cytokines influence T-cell differentiation and play an essential role in autoimmune liver disease.IL-17 subfamilies contribute to infection defense,liver inflammation,and Th17 cell differentiation.ILs interact with different type I and type II cytokine receptors to regulate intracellular signaling pathways that mediate their functions.However,most clinical studies are only performed to evaluate IL-mediated therapies on alcohol and hepatitis virus infection-induced hepatitis.More pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate IL-mediated monotherapy and synergistic therapies.
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
文摘Cytokines like interleukins(ILs)play important roles in inflammation and innate immune.Yang and Zhang carried out an interesting study related to ILs and hepatic diseases.They described the role of ILs in the pathogenesis and resolution of hepatic disorders.The authors summarized alcohol-related liver disease and virus-induced hepatitis,as far as clinical studies a fortiori carried out on ILmediated treatments pertaining to these dysfunctions.This editorial contributes to the review by Yang and Zhang titled,"Interleukins in liver disease treatment",and focuses on therapies mediated by ILs in comorbid liver diseases.The documentary search was conducted on recent pertinent literature,primarily using the Google Scholar and PubMed databases.
文摘Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive and deforming inflammatory rheumatic disease. In the era of biotherapies and the arrival of biosimilars in sub-Saharan Africa, the objective of this study was to describe plasma IL-6 variations in RA patients at Cité Verte District Hospital (Cameroon). Material and Methods: Descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. We included patients over 18 years old suffering from RA (ACR/EULAR 2010). Patients with an infection were not included. The data collected were age, sex, smoking status, family history, disease duration, disease activity by DAS28, CRP, rheumatoid factor, and plasma level of IL-6. Bone erosion was sought on radiography and ultrasound. Result: We included 31 patients, 25 of whom were women (80.6%). The mean age was 47.27 ± 17.97 years. Disease activity was predominantly moderate (32.3%) and severe (32.3%). Mean IL-6 level was 15.29 ± 2.36 pg/ml (extremes: 11.26 pg/ml and 20.15 pg/ml). IL-6 levels were higher in patients with a history of smoking. Similarly, IL-6 levels were higher in patients with mildly active RA in remission than in moderately and severely active RA. Mean IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with erosive RA (16.3 pg/ml VS 14.6 pg/ml). Conclusion: IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in men, weaned smokers and patients with bone erosions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371508 and No.81771439Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,No.BE2020661+6 种基金Suzhou Municipal Health Commission Science Research Program,No.GSWS2020095National Mentorship Training Programme for Young Health Professionals,No.Qngg2022027Suzhou Clinical Key disciplines for Geriatric Psychiatry,No.SZXK202116Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Technologies Program,No.SKY2021063Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Program,No.SKJY2021142,No.SKJY2021143,No.SKY2023227,No.SKY2022064 and No.SKYD2023159Suzhou Key Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Program,No.LCZX202218.
文摘BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6)contributes to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.However,there was no study concerning the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and clinical features in the chronic phase of early-onset schizophrenia(EOS).AIM To investigate the relationship between serum IL-6 concentration and the clinical features of EOS.METHODS We measured serum IL-6 Levels from 74 patients with chronic schizophrenia,including 33 with age at onset<21 years(EOS group)and 41 with onset≥21 years in[adult-onset schizophrenia(AOS)group],and from 41 healthy controls.Symptom severities were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).RESULTS Serum IL-6 concentrations were higher in both EOS and AOS groups than healthy controls(F=22.32,P<0.01),but did not differ significantly between EOS and AOS groups(P>0.05)after controlling for age,body mass index,and other covariates.Negative symptom scores were higher in the EOS group than the AOS group(F=6.199,P=0.015).Serum IL-6 concentrations in the EOS group were negatively correlated with both total PANSS-negative symptom score(r=-0.389,P=0.032)and avolition/asociality subscore(r=-0.387,P=0.026).CONCLUSION Patients with EOS may have more severe negative symptoms than those with adult-onset schizophrenia during the chronic phase of the illness.IL-6 signaling may regulate negative symptoms and its avolition/asociality subsymptoms among the early-onset chronic schizophrenic patients.
文摘Objective: To determine the effect of flurbiprofen combined with prednisolone on interleukin-6 in elderly surgery patients. Methods: In this double-blind randomized controlled study, patients aged 65 to 80 who were undergoing spinal fusion surgery for disc herniation were administered flurbiprofen 100 mg (P group, flurbiprofen group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg (D group, prednisolone group), prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg plus flurbiprofen 100 mg (P + D group, flurbiprofen + prednisolone group) or normal saline (S group, saline group) 15 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Plasma samples were collected before surgery (T0) and on day 1 (T1), day 2 (T2) and day 3 (T3) following surgery. At the same time, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was assessed by SIRS criteria. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for collected samples were measured. Results: Other groups had significantly lower levels of IL-6, CRP and occurrence of SIRS than S group (p < 0.05). Compared to groups P and D, the levels of IL-6 and CRP in P + D group were significantly lower on T1 (p < 0.05). Peak levels of IL-6 in all groups were presented on T1 (p 0.05). The levels of CRP within three days were significantly different but did not show peak levels (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to prednisolone or flurbiprofen, combining flurbiprofen with prednisolone in elderly surgery patients led to an increased suppression of IL-6.
基金The authors would like to thank Rajagiri College of Social Sciences(Autonomous),Kochi,India for providing extensive research support.This study received funding from Rajagiri College of Social Sciences in the form of seed funding for executing Major Research Projects(Project No.:RCSS/IQAC/BB-S33/2023/133)Two United International College(UIC)research grants provided by BNU-HKBU United International College,Zhuhai,China jointly support this work(Grant Nos.:UICR0200007-23 and UICR202107).
文摘This review aims to identify in vivo studies investigating the potential of plant substances and their natural molecules in managing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Specifically,the objective is to examine the impact of these substances on interleukins and other key inflammatory signaling markers.Relevant articles published up to December 2022 were identified through a search of the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Embase databases.The search used keywords including“inflammatory bowel disease”,“medicinal plants”,“natural molecules”,“anti-inflammatory”,and“ulcerative colitis”,and identified 1,878 potentially relevant articles,of which 89 were included in this review after completion of the selection process.This study provides preclinical data on natural products(NPs)that can potentially treat IBD,including ulcerative colitis.The main actions of these NPs relate to their effects on nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κβ),the Janus kinase(JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathway,the regulation of T helper 17/regulatory T cells balance,and oxidative stress.The ability of these NPs to inhibit intestinal inflammation appears to be dependent on lowering levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-17,via the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)1,NF-κβ-p65,and STAT3 pathways.In addition,NPs were shown to reduce oxidative stress and the severity of ulcerative colitis,as well as increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.These actions suggest that NPs represent a promising treatment for IBD,and potentially have greater efficacy and safety than current treatments.
文摘目的评估择期肝切除术与肝射频消融术患者围手术期血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP的水平,探讨2种手术方式围手术期炎症反应程度及其与短期预后的关系。方法纳入37例肝占位患者为研究对象,其中择期肝切除术19例、肝射频消融术18例。采用ELISA法检测患者术前、术毕及术后不同时间点血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平,通过非参数检验判断治疗前后的动态变化,并比较2种手术方式围手术期炎症因子水平及预后指标。结果治疗前后肝切除术患者围手术期血浆IL-6、IL-10、CRP水平及肝射频消融术患者IL-6、CRP水平均存在动态变化(均P<0.05)。肝切除术后24 h及48 h的IL-6,术毕IL-10,术后24、48、72 h CRP水平均显著高于术前(均P<0.05);肝射频消融术术毕IL-6水平显著高于术前(P<0.05),IL-10、CRP水平在手术前后的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与肝切除术患者比较,射频消融术术后48 h CRP水平降低,术后住院时间缩短(均P<0.05)。结论肝射频消融术后全身炎症反应程度相对较小,可能有利于患者加速康复。
