U2BL调控拟南芥下胚轴伸长的机制研究

下胚轴的伸长在植物早期存活和后期生长发育过程中均具有重要作用。本研究对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana(L.)Heynh.)突变体进行了筛选,得到了具有短下胚轴表型的突变体u2bl,并对其下胚轴变短机制进行了初步研究。结果显示,突变体u2bl在不同光照条件下均表现出下胚轴较短的表型。细胞学实验表明,突变体u2bl下胚轴细胞长度的降低是其下胚轴较短的原因。赤霉素(GAs)是促进下胚轴伸长的主效应因子。但u2bl突变体对外源GA处理及内源GA合成抑制剂多效唑(PAC)处理均不敏感,表明U2BL基因可能影响GA的信号转导。亚细胞定位结果表明,U2BL在细胞核中富集。荧光定量Q-PCR分析结果显示,在u2bl突变体中,PRE1、SAUR16、YUC2、YUC8和PIF4等基因的表达均有显著下调,U2BL可能通过调控上述基因来间接调控下胚轴的伸长。本研究结果为进一步探讨U2BL在拟南芥生长发育及在其他物种中可能行使的功能提供了参考。

Changes of gastric and intestinal blood flow, serum phospholipase A_2 and interleukin-1β in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To explore the relationship between gastric and intestinal microcirculatory impairment and inflammatory mediators released in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS: A total of 64 rats were randomized into control group and ANP group. ANP model was induced by injection of 5% sodium taurocholate under the pancreatic membrane. Radioactive biomicrosphere technique was used to measure the gastric and intestinal tissue blood flow at 2 and 12 h after the induction of ANP, meanwhile serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities and interleukin-1β levels were determined. Pathologic changes in pancreas, gastric and intestinal mucosae were studied. RESULTS: The gastric blood flow in ANP group (0.62±0.06 and 0.35±0.05) mL/(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (0.86±0.11 and 0.85±0.06) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01) at 2 and 12 h after induction of ANP. The intestinal blood flow in ANP group (0.80±0.07 and 0.50±0.06) mlV(min·g) was significantly lower than that in control group (1.56±0.18 and 1.61±0.11) mL/(min·g) (P<0.01). Serum PLA2 activities (94.29±9.96 and 103.71± 14.40) U/L and IL-1β levels (0.78±0.13 and 0.83±0.20)μg/L in ANP group were higher than those in control group (65.27±10.52 and 66.63±9.81) U/L, (0.32±0.06 and 0.33±0.07)μg/L (P<0.01). At 2 and 12 h after introduction of the model, typical pathologic changes were found in ANP. Compared with control group, the gastric and intestinal mucosal pathologic changes were aggravated significantly (P<0.01) at 12 h after induction of ANP. Gastric and intestinal mucosal necrosis, multiple ulcer and hemorrhage occurred. CONCLUSION: Decrease of gastric and intestinal blood flow and increase of inflammatory mediators occur simultaneously early in ANP, both of them are important pathogenic factors for gastric and intestinal mucosal injury in ANP.

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and its relation with antiHBc

AIM： To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor （sIL-2R） level and anti-HBc in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection. METHODS： Sera from 100 patients with chronic HBV infection and 30 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into group A [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （＋）, n = 50] and group B [HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-）, n = 50]. sIL-2R levels were determined using ELISA. HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） were also detected. RESULTS： Serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic HBV infection than in healthy controls. Moreover, serum sIL-2R levels were significantly higher in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and antiHBc （＋） （976.56±213.51×10^3 U/L） than in patients with HBsAg （＋）, HBeAg （＋） and anti-HBc （-） （393.41±189.54 ×10^3 U/L, P〈 0.01）. A significant relationship was found between serum sIL-2R and ALT levels （P〈 0.01） in patients with chronic HBV infection, but there was no correlation between sIL-2R and HBV DNA levels. The anti-HBc status was significantly related to the age of patients （P〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The high sIL-2R level is related to positive anti-HBc in chronic hepatitis B patients. Positive anti-HBc may be related to T-lymphocyte activation and negative anti-HBc may imply immune tolerance in these patients.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 2 is a functional downstream regulator of complement factor D that controls mitochondrial fitness in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the cardiac muscle that affects patients with diabetes.The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy are mostly unknown,but several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease and its progression towards heart failure,including endothelial dysfunction,autonomic neuropathy,metabolic alterations,oxidative stress,and alterations in ion homeostasis,especially calcium transients[1].In Military Medical Research,Jiang et al.[2]sought to determine the functional role of complement factor D(Adipsin)in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Changes in soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in serum and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen of infertile men caused by antisperm antibody

Aim: To explore the possible mechanisms of male infertility caused by antisperm antibody (AsAb). Methods: Thesoluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in serum was analyzed by ELISA and Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activi-ty in semen by phosphorus (Pi) assay. Results: The slL-2R level in serum was significantly higher and the Na^+ -K^+ -exchanging ATPase activity in semen significantly lower in AsAb positive infertile men when compared with thecontrols. Conclusion: The AsAb titer varies with the slL-2R level in serum. A decrease in Na^+ -K^+ -exchangingATPase activity in semen may play a role in male infertility caused by AsAb.

Evaluating the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in pediatric patients with concurrent Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Epstein-Barr virus infections

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)frequently causes respiratory infections in children,whereas Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)typically presents subclinical manifestations in immunocompetent pediatric populations.The incidence of MP and EBV coinfections is often overlooked clinically,with the contributory role of EBV in pulmonary infections alongside MP remaining unclear.AIM To evaluate the serum concentrations of interleukin-2(IL-2)and interleukin-12(IL-12)in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia co-infected with EBV and assess their prognostic implications.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients diagnosed with MP and EBV co-infection,isolated MP infection,and a control group of healthy children,spanning from January 1,2018 to December 31,2021.Serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing poor prognosis,while receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves evaluated the prognostic utility of serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels in co-infected patients.RESULTS The co-infection group exhibited elevated serum IL-2 and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels compared to both the MP-only and control groups,with a reverse trend observed for IL-12(P<0.05).In the poor prognosis cohort,elevated CRP and IL-2 levels,alongside prolonged fever duration,contrasted with reduced IL-12 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified elevated IL-2 as an independent risk factor and high IL-12 as a protective factor for adverse outcomes(P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curves for IL-2,IL-12,and their combination in predicting poor prognosis were 0.815,0.895,and 0.915,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated serum IL-2 and diminished IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with MP and EBV co-infection correlate with poorer prognosis,with combined IL-2 and IL-12 levels offering enhanced predictive accuracy.

Fluence of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum on joint and serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Objective The current study was designed to find out the effect of Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum (GTT) on the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method 29 patients with active AS were selected to take GTT (1mg per kg) three times a day for one year. After that, its curative effect was evaluated. The serum level of sIL-2R of these patients was measured by sandwich ELISA method and was compared with that of normal subjects. Result The serum level of sIL-2R in active AS patients was obviously higher than that of the non-active AS patients. (P<0.01). The total effective rate of GTT on AS was 89.6%, while clinical relief rate 27.6%, obvious effective rate 44.8%, effective rate 17.2% and non-effective rate 10.4%. The patients’ serum level of sIL-2R after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy except patients with no effect. (P<0.05). Conclusion GTT has positive curative effect on active AS patients and could cause obvious decrease of the serum level of sIL-2R. The serum level of sIL-2R can be used as an important index of activity of AS and as a guide of therapy.

Study of the Effect of Leeching on Plasma Endothelin and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective: to explore the mechanism of leeching in treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Forty-four patients with SLE were randomly divided into conventional corticosteroid treated group (control group, n =20) and conventional treatment group with leeching intervention added (leeching group, n =24). Before and after treatment the concentration of plasma endothelin (ET) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined. Results: Before treatment the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R in the SLE patients were all higher than those in the normal healthy group, ( P <0.01). But after treatment the level of these in both groups were significantly improved than those of before treatment ( P <0.05), and comparison between these two treated groups showed that the difference between them was significant ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Leeching added to conventional treatment of SLE could be more effective in improving the level of plasma ET and sIL-2R, and ameliorating the impairment of renal tissues.

Effects of Aprotinin on Serum Interleukin-2 and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor during Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Interleukin-2 and its receptor are of importance in regulating immunity responses. The changes of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) during heart valve (s) replacement operation and effects of aprotinin on them were observed. Twenty patients undergoing heart valve (s) replacement were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=10) and apro- tinin group (n=10). In aprotinin group, 1 000 000 KIU aprotinin was given by vein injection and then 2 000 000 KIU was given as a bolus in prime. Blood samples were collected before CPB, right after CPB and on the 1st, 3rd and 7th postoperative day (POD) for serum IL-2 and sIL-2R determination. Results showed that after CPB, IL-2 was reduced and slL-2R increased. Meanwhile, serum IL-2R was lower in aprotinin group than that of control. It is concluded that the immunity depression after CPB is associated with low level of IL-2 and high level of sIL-2R and aprotinin can ameliorate the situation.

Elevated pancreatic enzymes, IgM, soluble interleukin-2 receptor in anti-GADab(+) type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes can be classified into immune-mediated diabetes (type 1A) and idiopathic diabetes, which lacks immunological evidence for beta cell autoimmunity (type 1B). Type 1A diabetes is characterized by the presence of the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GADab). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1B diabetes, and characterized by the absence of anti-GADab, flu-like symptoms, and elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes. We report a type 1 diabetic patient who showed flu-like symptoms, elevated serum exocrine pancreatic enzymes, and an extremely high-titer of anti-GADab, manifesting the characteristics of both type 1A and fulminant type 1 diabetes.

Interleukin-17A facilitates tumor progression via upregulating programmed death ligand-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis.Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC,as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor microenvir-onment.Inflammation regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1)in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects im-munotherapy efficacy.Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different tumors.We hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affe-cting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in HCC.The upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR,western blotting,and flow cytometry.Mechanistic studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway inhibitors.The function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC cells.The effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro,and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in vivo.RESULTS IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner,whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by IL-17A.IL-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture system.IL-17A increased the viability,G2/M ratio,and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic index.Cyclin D1,VEGF,MMP9,and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment,whereas BAX expression decreased.The combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8+T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse model.CONCLUSION IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapenta-plegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells.Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo.

Effect of interleukin-2+pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy on the malignant biological behavior of advanced bladder cancer

Objective: To study the effect of interleukin-2 + pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy on the malignant biological behavior of advanced bladder cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced bladder cancer who were treated in Tongcheng People's Hospital between April 2015 and July 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into group A who received interleukin-2 + pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy and the group B who received pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy. The contents of tumor markers and cytokines and the expression of apoptosis molecules in the urine were detected before and after chemotherapy. Results: 8 weeks after chemotherapy, BLCA-1, BLCA-4, CYFRA21-1, TGF-β1, VEGF, EGF, HGF and IGF-2 contents in urine of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment, Fas, Bad, PTEN and Beclin-1 mRNA expression in urine were significantly higher than those before treatment and BLCA-1, BLCA-4, CYFRA21-1, TGF-β1, VEGF, EGF, HGF and IGF-2 contents in urine of group A were significantly lower than those of group B, Fas, Bad, PTEN and Beclin-1 mRNA expression in urine were significantly higher than those of group B. Conclusion: Interleukin-2+ pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy can be more effective than pirarubicin infusion chemotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy in inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of advanced bladder cancer.

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Interleukin-2 of Sichuan White Goose

[Objective] The study aimed to clone interleukin-2(IL-2) gene from Sichuan white goose. [Method] Based on the IL-2 gene of duck accessed in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed for cloning IL-2 gene from total RNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes of Sichuan white goose stimulated by ConA via RT-PCR technology. The yielded fragment was sequenced for bioinformatics analysis. [Result] The full length of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose is 468 bp that contains a 441 bp open reading frame(ORF), encoding 146 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the amino acid sequence of IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose contains four phosphorylation sites, a glycosylation site and a signal peptide with 21 amino acid residues. Homologies of IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and duck, chicken, turkey are 92.7%, 77.5%, 78.2% and 85.8%, 65.5%, 64.1%, respectively. By contrast IL-2 nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence between Sichuan white goose and mammalian and rodents such as human, monkey, rat, bovine, horse, pig, cat, mouse, rabbit and deer, are all less than 45% and 28%, respectively. [Conclusion] The IL-2 gene of Sichuan white goose has closer genetic relationship with those of chicken and duck.

链脲佐菌素诱导C57BL/6J小鼠2型糖尿病模型研究

目的 建立与 2型糖尿病 (非胰岛素依赖型糠尿病、NIDDM)病人临床特征和发病过程相似的NIDDM动物模型。方法 用高脂肪饲料喂养C57BL/6J雄性断乳小鼠 3周 ,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (STZ) ,继续喂养 4周 ,测定给药前和给药后 1、3、4周非空腹血糖、实验结束时非空腹胰岛素水平 ,观察胰腺形态学变化。结果 喂养 3周后 (给药前 )高脂饲料 -STZ组及高脂饲料 -柠檬酸组血糖浓度 (7 0± 0 39)mmol/L、(6 8± 0 4 5)mmol/L高于普通饲料 -STZ组及普通饲料 -柠檬酸组 (5 3± 0 4 0 )mmol/L、(5 4± 0 39)mmol/L ,P <0 0 5;实验结束时 ,高脂饲料 -STZ组血糖浓度 (13 1± 2 0 1)mmo/L高于高脂饲料 -柠檬酸 (6 9± 0 4 6 )mmol/L、普通饲料 -柠檬酸组 (6 0± 0 4 6 )mmol/L和普通饲料 -STZ组 (7 1± 0 6 2 )mmol/L(P <0 0 5) ,各组间血浆胰岛素浓度、体重及饮水量差异无显著性 ,P >0 0 5;实验过程中高脂饲料STZ组和柠檬酸组小鼠每天进食热量 (6 4 4 9± 9 2 )kJ/只 ,(70 7± 9 6 )kJ/只 ,显著高于普通饲料STZ组和柠檬酸组 (52 7± 7 9)kJ/只 ,(57 3± 11 7)kJ/只 ;各组小鼠胰腺和胰岛细胞形态正常。结论 高脂肪饲料和STZ是用C57BL/6J断乳幼鼠建立NIDDM模型所必须的 ,10 0mg/kg体重STZ对普通饲料小鼠?

Abnormal Change in Body Weight and Non-Fasting Blood Glucose Levels of Mouse Strain C57BL/6J in Generating Type 2 Diabetes Model

The commercially available inbred obesity-prone C57BL/6J （B6） and outbred stock ICR mice （3-week old） purchased from a breeder of Beijing were weaned onto high-fat diet （HFD）, HFD-3% fructose water （HFDF） and standard rodent chow, respectively. After exposure to the diets for six weeks, HFD and HFDF fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin （STZ, 100mg/kg body weight） and kept on the same diet for next four weeks. Body weight was recorded weekly. Non-fasting blood glucose levels of HFD and HFDF fed mice were measured before and after STZ injections. The body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed B6 mice were significantly lower than that of the control, but body weight of HFD-fed and HFDF-fed ICR mice were significantly higher than that of the control. After injection of STZ, blood glucose levels were above the stardardized criterion （11 mmol/L） for the diabetes mouse model in both HFD and HFDF fed ICR mice, but reverse in B6 mice. The type 2 diabetes model was generated successfully in ICR but not in B6 mice, regardless of whether fructose was supplied. The current results indicated that ICR mouse is still a useful and economical strain for HFD-induced/STZ-treated type 2 diabetes model, and that some variation may occur in the genetic composition among B6 mice bred by different breeders.

C57BL/6小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后脾脏消减cDNA文库的构建及差异基因分析

探讨C57BL/6品系小鼠体内猪链球菌2型感染后的差异表达基因,以期为进一步研究猪链球菌的致病机制和抗病性研究提供重要的参考依据。利用抑制性消减杂交技术构建了8周龄C57BL/6小鼠感染猪链球菌2型后的脾脏消减cDNA文库。对获得的237个阳性克隆进行测序,利用GenBank BLAST分析核酸和蛋白质同源性,共获得159条差异表达序列标签(ESTs)。试验结果证实,正向文库有34个、反向文库有30个不同的基因与ESTs具有高度的同源性,它们分别是免疫性能、细胞组分、细胞信号分子、转录因子等的重要功能基因产物。经抑制消减杂交筛选出的差异表达基因主要有免疫球蛋白IgM重链-6、胸腺素4-beta、磷酸酶张力结合蛋白、转磷酸胆碱酶、肽酰-脯氨酰-顺反式异构酶、磷脂酰丝氨酸脱羧酶、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3等基因。筛选到较多EST与抗病性相关的重要基因具有很高的同源性,且这些基因在猪链球菌2型感染后的表达具有显著差异,提示这些基因在猪链球菌2型感染过程中发挥着重要功能。

枸杞籽油对2型糖尿病C57BL/6J小鼠血清SOD、MDA及GSH的影响

目的研究枸杞籽油对2型糖尿病C57BL/6小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的影响。方法将实验动物随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病模型组、枸杞籽油0.025、0.05、0.1 mL/10g剂量干预组5组,除正常对照组外,其余以高脂饲料饲喂4周后的雌雄各半C57BL/6小鼠腹腔注射链尿左菌素(STZ,125mg.kg-1),诱导2型糖尿病模型。检测各组血糖水平及血清SOD、MDA及GSH的变化。结果枸杞籽油各组与糖尿病模型组相比较,SOD都有所升高(P<0.05);枸杞籽油中剂量干预组GSH明显升高(P<0.05);MDA明显下降(P<0.05)。结论枸杞籽油能改善2型糖尿病C57BL/6小鼠的抗氧化能力并有助于降低其血糖水平。

枸杞籽油对C57BL/6J小鼠2型糖尿病肾脏损伤干预作用的研究

目的研究枸杞籽油对C57BL/6小鼠2型糖尿病肾脏损伤的干预作用。方法采用以高脂饲料饲喂后的C57BL/6小鼠,单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素70mg.10g-1,建立小鼠2型糖尿病模型。设正常对照组、糖尿病肾损伤模型组、二甲双胍(3.0mg.10g-1)治疗组、枸杞籽油(0.05、0.1 mL.10g-1)两个剂量治疗组。给药5周后检测各组小鼠给药后的血糖、尿糖2、4h尿量2、4h尿蛋白定量、肾质量指数、肾小球面积、肾脏白介素-8含量、肾脏病理变化。结果枸杞籽油各剂量组与糖尿病模型组比较,可降低2型糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖、尿糖、24h尿量和尿蛋白定量、肾质量指数、肾小球面积、肾脏白介素-8含量,肾脏病变得到明显改变(P<0.05或0.01)。结论枸杞籽油能降低C57BL/6小鼠2型糖尿病的血糖、尿糖、24h尿量和尿蛋白定量、肾质量指数、肾小球面积、肾组织白介素-8的含量,具有防治糖尿病肾损伤发生的作用。

C57BL／6．NOD-Aecl Aec2干燥综合征模型小鼠干眼特点的评价

背景C57BL／6．NOD-Aecl Aee2小鼠是研究人干燥综合征发病机制较理想的动物模型，但其干眼体征、眼表组织的病理学特点尚不清楚。目的观察C57BL／6．NOD-Aeel Aee2干燥综合征模型小鼠眼表组织的病理学变化，明确其是否能够自发地产生干眼。方法实验分为模型组（45只C57BL／6．NOD-Aeel Aee2干燥综合征模型小鼠）和对照组（45只C57BL／6J小鼠）。在两组小鼠第4、8、12、16、20周龄时依次进行空腹血糖检测、泪液分泌试验（sIt）、角膜和结膜丽丝胺绿染色及评分；5个时间点每组各取5只小鼠处死、取材，进行中央角膜上皮厚度测量、结膜杯状细胞计数，泪腺淋巴细胞浸润评估及角膜上皮细胞表面微绒毛观察。结果第4周龄时，两种小鼠均未见明显干眼体征。随着周龄的增加，C57BL／6．NOD-Aecl Aec2小鼠泪液分泌逐渐减少，第8、12、16、20周龄酚红棉线长度依次为（2．7±O．9）、（2．5±0．8）、（1．8±0．6）、（1．9±0．1）mm，均明显短于同龄的C57BL／6J小鼠，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；C57BL／6．NOD-Aecl Aee2小鼠角膜结膜丽丝胺绿染色评分值随周龄增加明显升高，12、16和20周龄时其角膜结膜丽丝胺绿染色评分值均明显高于同龄C57BL／6J小鼠，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。C57BL／6．NOD-Aecl Aee2小鼠角膜上皮厚度值随周龄的增加逐渐降低，8、12、16、20周龄小鼠中央角膜上皮厚度值均明显低于同龄C57BL／6J小鼠，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。C57BL／6．NOD-AeelAee2小鼠结膜杯状细胞数随周龄的增加逐渐减少，8、12、16、20周龄时分别为（8．2±2．4）、（6．2±2．1）、（6．1±2．2）、（4．1±2．0）个，均明显少于同龄C57BL／6J小鼠，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。泪腺淋巴细胞浸润及腺体破坏加重；扫描电子显微镜观察显示，角膜上皮细胞脱落增多，微绒毛减少，细胞紧密连接减少或中断；至第16周龄时，中央角膜上皮细胞完全脱落，可见内层排列规则的基质层胶原纤维。两种小鼠在第4、8、12、16、20周龄时的空腹血糖值均〈6．0mmol／L，相同周龄时2个组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P=0．637、0．610、0．163、0．086、0．938），而C57BL／6J小鼠的泪液分泌值、中央角膜上皮厚度值、结膜杯状细胞数目及角膜上皮细胞表面的微绒毛密度等干眼指标均未随着小鼠周龄的增加而有所减少。结论C57BL／6．NOD-Aeel Aee2干燥综合征模型小鼠可自发地产生干眼，且随着周龄的增加，其干眼体征加重。该模型小鼠可以较好地模拟人的干眼进程，可作为研究干眼发病机制的理想动物模型。

高脂诱导的C57BL/6 (H-2b)2型糖尿病小鼠十二指肠空肠旷置术模型的建立

目的：探讨建立一种C57BL／6（H-2b）高脂诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠保留全胃的十二指肠空肠旷置术（DJB）新型降糖术式动物模型的可行性和操作要点。方法：16只C57BL／6（H-2b）高脂诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠随机分为实验组和对照组各8只，规范的术前、术中及术后操作，实验组和对照组分别行DJB和假手术，比较两组小鼠术前及术后7、14、28d平均空腹血糖，评价手术造模是否成功以及成活率。结果：术后1-28d对照组小鼠存活7只，手术组小鼠成活6只，两组成活率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；与术前比较，实验组术后7d空腹血糖明显下降（P〈0．05），术后14、28d血糖趋于稳定，对照组空慢血糖术后第14、28天与术前比变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05），提示模型建立成功。结论：成功地建立C57BL／6（H-2b）高脂诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠DJB动物模型。十二指肠空肠旷置术是一种可行、安全有效的降糖术式，规范实验操作程序可以降低术中风险。