RARRES2's impact on lipid metabolism in triplenegative breast cancer:a pathway to brain metastasis

Breast cancer brain metastasis(BCBrM)is a crucial and hard area of research which guarantees an urgent need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.A recent study by Li et al.[1]published in Military Medical Research investigated the role of retinoic acid receptor responder 2(RARRES2)in regulating lipid metabolism in BCBrM,highlighting the clinical relevance of alterations in lipid metabolites,such as phosphatidylcholine(PC)and triacylglycerols(TAGs),by RARRES2 through the modulation of phosphatase and tensin homologue(PTEN)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1)signaling pathway.This commentary aims to elaborate on the key findings and their relevance to the field.

Asiaticoside ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats by modulating carbohydrate metabolism and regulating insulin signaling

Objective:To evaluate the effect of asiaticoside on streptozotocin(STZ)and nicotinamide(NAD)-induced carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities and deregulated insulin signaling pathways in rats.Methods:Asiaticoside(50 and 100 mg/kg body weight)was administered to STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats for 45 days,and its effects on hyperglycaemic,carbohydrate metabolic,and insulin signaling pathway markers were examined.Results:Asiaticoside increased insulin production,lowered blood glucose levels,and enhanced glycolysis by improving hexokinase activity and suppressing glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities.Abnormalities in glycogen metabolism were mitigated by increasing glycogen synthase activity and gluconeogenesis was decreased by decreasing glycogen phosphorylase activity.Furthermore,asiaticoside upregulated the mRNA expressions of IRS-1,IRS-2,and GLUT4 in STZ-NAD-induced diabetic rats and restored the beta cell morphology to normal.Conclusions:Asiaticoside has the potential to ameliorate type 2 diabetes by improving glycolysis,gluconeogenesis,and insulin signaling pathways.

RARRES2 regulates lipid metabolic reprogramming to mediate the development of brain metastasis in triple negative breast cancer

Background Triple negative breast cancer(TNBC),the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer,is characterized by a high incidence of brain metastasis(BrM)and a poor prognosis.As the most lethal form of breast cancer,BrM remains a major clinical challenge due to its rising incidence and lack of effective treatment strategies.Recent evidence suggested a potential role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer brain metastasis(BCBrM),but the underlying mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated.Methods Through analysis of BCBrM transcriptome data from mice and patients,and immunohistochemical validation on patient tissues,we identified and verified the specific down-regulation of retinoic acid receptor responder 2(RARRES2),a multifunctional adipokine and chemokine,in BrM of TNBC.We investigated the effect of aberrant RARRES2 expression of BrM in both in vitro and in vivo studies.Key signaling pathway components were evaluated using multi-omics approaches.Lipidomics were performed to elucidate the regulation of lipid metabolic reprogramming of RARRES2.Results We found that downregulation of RARRES2 is specifically associated with BCBrM,and that RARRES2 deficiency promoted BCBrM through lipid metabolic reprogramming.Mechanistically,reduced expression of RARRES2 in brain metastatic potential TNBC cells resulted in increased levels of glycerophospholipid and decreased levels of triacylglycerols by regulating phosphatase and tensin homologue(PTEN)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1(SREBP1)signaling pathway to facilitate the survival of breast cancer cells in the unique brain microenvironment.Conclusions Our work uncovers an essential role of RARRES2 in linking lipid metabolic reprogramming and the development of BrM.RARRES2-dependent metabolic functions may serve as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for BCBrM.

Evaluating the role of interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 in pediatric patients with concurrent Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Epstein-Barr virus infections

BACKGROUND Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)frequently causes respiratory infections in children,whereas Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)typically presents subclinical manifestations in immunocompetent pediatric populations.The incidence of MP and EBV coinfections is often overlooked clinically,with the contributory role of EBV in pulmonary infections alongside MP remaining unclear.AIM To evaluate the serum concentrations of interleukin-2(IL-2)and interleukin-12(IL-12)in pediatric patients with MP pneumonia co-infected with EBV and assess their prognostic implications.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from patients diagnosed with MP and EBV co-infection,isolated MP infection,and a control group of healthy children,spanning from January 1,2018 to December 31,2021.Serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing poor prognosis,while receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves evaluated the prognostic utility of serum IL-2 and IL-12 levels in co-infected patients.RESULTS The co-infection group exhibited elevated serum IL-2 and C-reactive protein(CRP)levels compared to both the MP-only and control groups,with a reverse trend observed for IL-12(P<0.05).In the poor prognosis cohort,elevated CRP and IL-2 levels,alongside prolonged fever duration,contrasted with reduced IL-12 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified elevated IL-2 as an independent risk factor and high IL-12 as a protective factor for adverse outcomes(P<0.05).ROC analysis indicated that the area under the curves for IL-2,IL-12,and their combination in predicting poor prognosis were 0.815,0.895,and 0.915,respectively.CONCLUSION Elevated serum IL-2 and diminished IL-12 levels in pediatric patients with MP and EBV co-infection correlate with poorer prognosis,with combined IL-2 and IL-12 levels offering enhanced predictive accuracy.

Spatiotemporal pharmacometabolomics based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging to evaluate the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone in HepG2 spheroids

Three-dimensional(3D)cell spheroid models combined with mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)enables innovative investigation of in vivo-like biological processes under different physiological and pathological conditions.Herein,airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization-MSI(AFADESI-MSI)was coupled with 3D HepG2 spheroids to assess the metabolism and hepatotoxicity of amiodarone(AMI).High-coverage imaging of>1100 endogenous metabolites in hepatocyte spheroids was achieved using AFADESI-MSI.Following AMI treatment at different times,15 metabolites of AMI involved in Ndesethylation,hydroxylation,deiodination,and desaturation metabolic reactions were identified,and according to their spatiotemporal dynamics features,the metabolic pathways of AMI were proposed.Subsequently,the temporal and spatial changes in metabolic disturbance within spheroids caused by drug exposure were obtained via metabolomic analysis.The main dysregulated metabolic pathways included arachidonic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism,providing considerable evidence for the mechanism of AMI hepatotoxicity.In addition,a biomarker group of eight fatty acids was selected that provided improved indication of cell viability and could characterize the hepatotoxicity of AMI.The combination of AFADESI-MSI and HepG2 spheroids can simultaneously obtain spatiotemporal information for drugs,drug metabolites,and endogenous metabolites after AMI treatment,providing an effective tool for in vitro drug hepatotoxicity evaluation.

Catalpa bignonioides extract improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Catalpa bignonioides fruit extract on the promotion of muscle growth and muscular capacity in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Cell proliferation was assessed using a 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine(BrdU)assay kit.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein expressions of related factors.The effects of Catalpa bignonioides extract were investigated in mice using the treadmill exhaustion test and whole-limb grip strength assay.Chemical composition analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:Catalpa bignonioides extract increased the proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.It also induced metabolic changes,increasing the number of mitochondria and glucose metabolism by phosphorylating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.In an in vivo study,the extract-treated mice showed improved motor abilities,such as muscular endurance and grip strength.Additionally,HPLC analysis showed that vanillic acid may be the main component of the Catalpa bignonioides extract that enhanced muscle strength.Conclusions:Catalpa bignonioides improves exercise performance through regulation of growth and metabolism in skeletal muscles,suggesting its potential as an effective natural agent for improving muscular strength.

Estrogen restores disordered lipid metabolism in visceral fat of prediabetic mice

BACKGROUND Visceral obesity is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is commonly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.Estrogen[17β-estradiol(E2)]is known to offer protection against obesity via diverse me-chanisms,while its specific effects on visceral adipose tissue(VAT)remain to be fully elucidated.AIM To investigate the impact of E2 on the gene expression profile within VAT of a mouse model of prediabetes.METHODS Metabolic parameters were collected,encompassing body weight,weights of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues(VAT and SAT),random blood glucose levels,glucose tolerance,insulin tolerance,and overall body composition.The gene expression profiles of VAT were quantified utilizing the Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarray and subsequently analyzed through Agilent Feature Extraction software.Functional and pathway analyses were conducted employing Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses,respectively.RESULTS Feeding a high-fat diet(HFD)moderately increased the weights of both VAT and SAT,but this increase was mitigated by the protective effect of endogenous E2.Conversely,ovariectomy(OVX)led to a significant increase in VAT weight and the VAT/SAT weight ratio,and this increase was also reversed with E2 treatment.Notably,OVX diminished the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism compared to HFD feeding alone,signaling a widespread reduction in lipid metabolic activity,which was completely counteracted by E2 adminis-tration.This study provides a comprehensive insight into E2's local and direct protective effects against visceral adiposity in VAT at the gene level.CONCLUSION In conclusion,the present study demonstrated that the HFD-induced over-nutritional challenge disrupted the gene expression profile of visceral fat,leading to a universally decreased lipid metabolic status in E2 deficient mice.E2 treatment effectively reversed this condition,shedding light on the mechanistic role and therapeutic potential of E2 in combating visceral obesity.

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVID-19

BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and fibrosis.Liver injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),while preexisting MASLD increases the risk of LI and the development of COVID-19-associated cholangiopathy.Mechanisms of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVID-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell invasion.AIM To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLD and in patients who died with severe COVID-19.METHODS ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLD were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLD pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVID-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel classifiers.RESULTS ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct cholangiocytes.Strikingly,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in cirrhosis.ACE2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLD spectrum.Hepatic ACE2 levels are also increased in COVID-19 patients,especially those showing evidence of LI,but are not correlated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the liver.However,there is a clear association between the hepatic lipid droplet content and the presence of the virus,suggesting a possible functional link.CONCLUSION Hepatic ACE2 levels were elevated in nonfibrotic MASH and COVID-19 patients with LI,while lipid accumulation may promote intra-hepatic SARS-CoV-2 replication,accelerating MASLD progression and COVID-19-mediated liver damage.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors for insulin resistance

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic disease featured by insulin resistance(IR)and decreased insulin secretion.Currently,vitamin D deficiency is found in most patients with T2DM,but the relationship between vitamin D and IR in T2DM patients requires further investigation.AIM To explore the risk factors of IR and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with T2DM.METHODS Clinical data of 162 T2DM patients treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between January 2019 and February 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the diagnostic criteria of IR,the patients were divided into a resistance group(n=100)and a non-resistance group(n=62).Subsequently,patients in the resistance group were subdivided to a conventional group(n=44)or a joint group(n=56)according to the treatment regimens.Logistic regression was carried out to analyze the risk factors of IR in T2DM patients.The changes in glucose and lipid metabolism indexes in T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency were evaluated after the treatment.RESULTS Notable differences were observed in age and body mass index(BMI)between the resistance group and the non-resistance group(both P<0.05).The resistance group exhibited a lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D_(3)(25(OH)D_(3))level,as well as notably higher levels of 2-h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)than the non-resistance group(all P<0.0001).Additionally,the resistance group demonstrated a higher triglyceride(TG)level but a lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)level than the non-resistance group(all P<0.0001).The BMI,TG,HDL-C,25(OH)D_(3),2hPG,and HbA1c were found to be risk factors of IR.Moreover,the posttreatment changes in levels of 25(OH)D_(3),2hPG,FBG and HbA1c,as well as TG,total cholesterol,and HDL-C in the joint group were more significant than those in the conventional group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients with IR exhibit significant abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism parameters compared to the noninsulin resistant group.Logistic regression analysis revealed that 25(OH)D_(3)is an independent risk factor influencing IR.Supplementation of vitamin D has been shown to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with IR and T2DM.

Per1/Per2 double knockout transcriptome analysis reveals circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism

Scope: Circadian disorder and high-fat diet(HFD)can disturb lipid metabolism homeostasis and may promote the development of various metabolic diseases. The relationship between them is of great concern. This study aimed to explore the effects of Per1/Per2 double knockout(DKO)on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice under HFD and HFD with docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)substitution. Methods and results: Both wild type(WT)and DKO male C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal chow diet(CON), HFD, or HFD with DHA substitution(AO)for 15 weeks. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed at zeitgeber time(ZT)0(7:00 am)or ZT12(7:00 pm). Pathological indicators were determined using histological and biochemical methods. Hepatic transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that DKO mice exhibited multiple dysfunctions in diurnal rhythm, drug metabolism, cell cycle, cancer pathways, and lipid metabolism. HFD had greater effects on fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism in Per1-/-Per2-/-mice, which was improved by DHA substitution. Conclusions: Per1/Per2 played an important role in the circadian regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, and DKO mice were more sensitive to HFD. DHA can improve circadian-related lipid metabolism disruption induced by HFD in mice.

Influences of Na_2CO_3 Stress on Physiological Metabolisms of Different Alkali Tolerant Varieties of Stevia rebaudiana

[Objective] The research aimed to reveal physiological mechanisms of alkali tolerances of different Stevia rebaudiana varieties under alkali stress.[Method] By using matrix culture method,the influences of Na2CO3 on chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde（MDA）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and Proline（Pro） content of leaves from different alkali tolerance varieties of S.rebaudiana [No.2 Shoutian（relative alkali tolerance variety） and No.4 Zhongshan（alkali sensitivity variety）] were studied.[Result] 1.2 g/L of Na2CO3 stress made that the chlorophyll contents of leaves from No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan seedlings both decreased in different degrees.Moreover,MDA content of No.4 Zhongshan was higher than control during the whole stress period,and the largest increase amplitude was 43.2%.MDA content of No.2 Shoutian was lower than control in early and latter periods of stress,and increased the maximum on the 14th day of alkali stress,which was 24.4% higher than control.SOD activities of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan both showed a trend of first increasing and declining then in the alkali stress period,but the increasing extent of SOD activity in No.2 Shoutian was higher than that in No.4 Zhongshan.In latter period of Na2CO3 stress,SOD activity of No.2 Shoutian declined,but POD activity was higher than that of No.4 Zhongshan.It illustrated that POD had stronger scavenging capability of active oxygen.Pro contents of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan were higher than control in the stress period.It showed that the osmoregulation of Pro might not be key regulatory factor of alkali tolerance difference of the two S.rebaudiana varieties.[Conclusion] The research not only provided theoretical basis for further breeding new salt tolerance variety of S.rebaudiana,but also had important significance for improving utilized ratio of kaline soil and growing environment for mudflat in China.

基于糖代谢和胰岛素抵抗评估益气养阴法治疗气阴两虚型2型糖尿病的疗效

目的分析益气养阴法治疗气阴两虚型2型糖尿病对患者糖代谢和胰岛素抵抗评估的影响。方法南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院2019年6月—2022年3月收治的90例气阴两虚型2型糖尿病患者随机分为胰岛素泵治疗组(45例)和益气养阴治疗组(45例)。益气养阴治疗组采用胰岛素泵强化治疗联合益气养阴法进行治疗,胰岛素泵治疗组单独进行胰岛素泵强化治疗,两组均治疗2周。统计两组治疗2周后的临床疗效及治疗期间不良反应发生情况,比较两组治疗前和治疗2周后中医证候积分、糖代谢情况、胰岛素抵抗情况。结果治疗2周后,益气养阴治疗组总有效率为91.11%(41/45),高于胰岛素泵治疗组[73.33%(33/45),P<0.05]。治疗2周后与治疗前比较,两组口燥咽干、倦怠乏力、失眠、自汗盗汗、五心烦热、气短懒言评分及血清空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(postprandial 2-hour blood glucose,2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)水平、胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR)降低,益气养阴治疗组低于胰岛素泵治疗组(P<0.05),两组胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)、胰岛功能指数(Homa-islet)升高,益气养阴治疗组高于胰岛素泵治疗组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,益气养阴治疗组总不良反应发生率与胰岛素泵治疗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论气阴两虚型2型糖尿病患者采用益气养阴法进行治疗,可有效改善患者中医证候、糖代谢,降低患者机体胰岛素抵抗程度,具有较好的治疗效果。

达格列净联合水飞蓟宾治疗2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者疗效分析

目的探讨达格列净联合水飞蓟宾对2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)患者的治疗效果。方法收集2021年1月—2022年12月新疆医科大学第五附属医院内分泌科诊治2型糖尿病合并NAFLD患者104例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组52例和研究组52例,2组患者均给予常规治疗及二甲双胍降血糖治疗,研究组在此基础上给予达格列净联合水飞蓟宾治疗,治疗6个月后,比较2组患者治疗前后糖脂代谢指标、肝功能、肝脏硬度、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及脂联素(APN)水平变化。结果治疗后2组患者糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖以及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(t/P=3.411/<0.001,2.926/0.005,3.578/<0.001,2.672/0.015),研究组患者治疗后体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀比、内脏脂肪面积、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)明显低于治疗前,且低于对照组(t/P=2.873/0.008,2.435/0.013,4.878/<0.001,3.997/<0.001,2.265/0.025,1.997/0.038);研究组患者治疗后天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)以及总胆红素较治疗前明显下降,且研究组患者低于对照组(t/P=5.737/<0.001,4.971/<0.001,3.258/<0.001);治疗后研究组患者TNF-α降低,SOD及APN升高,且研究组降低/升高幅度大于对照组(t/P=2.453/0.021,3.842/<0.001,3.927/<0.001);治疗期间2组患者恶心呕吐、腹泻、腹胀、便秘、体质量增加、贫血以及低血糖等不良反应发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在二甲双胍降糖治疗基础上给予达格列净联合水飞蓟宾可明显改善2型糖尿病合并NAFLD患者胰岛素抵抗水平以及肝功能,降低炎性因子水平和氧化应激损伤,提高APN水平。

糖肝煎丸联合腹部推拿对二甲双胍治疗肥胖2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢和炎症因子的影响

目的 探究糖肝煎丸(TGJW)联合腹部推拿(AM)对二甲双胍治疗肥胖2型糖尿病(OT2DM)患者糖脂代谢和炎症因子的影响。方法 纳入2021年6月至2023年6月在武汉市中医医院诊治的OT2DM患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为AM组(二甲双胍联合AM)和TGJW组(二甲双胍联合AM+TGJW)。连续干预3个月,评估治疗疗效和安全性。比较TGJW组和AM组治疗前后肥胖相关指标[腰臀比(WHR)和体重指数(BMI)]、糖脂代谢指标[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(P2hG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、胰岛素敏感性指标[稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和稳态模型胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)]和炎症指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)]变化情况。结果研究共纳入OT2DM患者100例,TGJW组和AM组各50例。干预后,TGJW组治疗有效率明显高于AM组(P <0.05),且治疗期间未发生恶性不良反应事件。与治疗前比较,两组WHR、BMI、FBG、P2hG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR、IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平均下降(P <0.05),而HDL-C和HOMA-β水平显著上升(P <0.05)。干预后,TGJW组WHR、BMI、FBG、P2hG、HbA1c、TC、TG、LDL-C、HOMA-IR、IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平低于AM组(P <0.05),而HDL-C和HOMA-β水平高于AM组(P <0.05)。结论 与单纯AM治疗比较,TGJW联合AM可改善OT2DM患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素敏感性和炎症指标,提升二甲双胍治疗OT2DM患者治疗效果,且安全性高,有一定的临床推广意义。

富含γ-氨基丁酸红小豆对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的调节作用

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是世界范围内最普遍代谢性疾病,已成为全球流行的健康问题。豆类为基础的饮食有助于预防和控制T2DM发生及发展。为了研究富含γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)红小豆的健康效应,该研究构建T2DM模型,对富含GABA红小豆膳食干预的小鼠糖脂代谢水平、肝功能相关指标进行分析。结果显示,高剂量富含GABA红小豆组(TF3)对抵抗超重具有一定效果,且可显著降低空腹血糖水平(P<0.05),恢复机体对血糖的调节能力,减轻胰岛素抵抗。与M组相比,各处理组不同程度降低T2DM小鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、尿素和肌酐水平,其中TF3及阳性对照组平衡血糖及调节T2DM小鼠肝肾损伤效果更好,同时可缓解高脂饮食造成的肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。表明富含GABA红小豆膳食可改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢水平,并可缓解肝脏、胰腺和盲肠组织病理性损伤。该研究为富含GABA功能食品研发及应用提供理论依据。

达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗初诊2型糖尿病患者的效果

目的:观察达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗治疗初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的效果。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年4月该院收治的106例初诊T2DM患者进行前瞻性研究,根据随机数字表法将其分为观察组(n=53)与对照组(n=53)。对照组给予二甲双胍治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合达格列净治疗,比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后糖代谢指标[餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)]水平、炎性指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)]水平和不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为94.34%(50/53),高于对照组的81.13%(43/53),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组HbAlc、2hPG、HOMA-IR水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组FINS、HOMA-β水平均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组CRP、Hcy水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗初诊T2DM患者可提高治疗总有效率,改善糖代谢指标水平,降低炎性指标水平,其效果优于单纯二甲双胍治疗。

2型糖尿病合并代谢综合征患者血清CTRP9、A-FABP水平变化及临床意义

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并代谢综合征(MS)(T2DM~MS)患者血清补体C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP9)、脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)水平变化及临床意义。方法前瞻性选择2021年1月至2023年12月于广西医科大学第二附属医院治疗的90例T2DM患者纳入研究组,根据是否合并MS将其分为T2DM~MS组(n=71)、T2DM未合并MS组(n=19)。将同期于广西医科大学第二附属医院进行体检的90名健康者纳入对照组。检测并比较研究组与对照组、T2DM~MS组与T2DM未合并MS组的糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三酯]及血清CTRP9、A-FABP水平。采用Pearson相关性分析CTRP9、A-FABP与各糖脂代谢指标的相关性;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评价CTRP9、A-FABP对T2DM~MS的诊断效能。结果研究组的空腹血糖、总胆固醇、LDL-C、甘油三酯及血清A-FABP水平分别为(9.37±0.95)mmol/L、(4.38±0.45)mmol/L、(2.83±0.29)mmol/L、(1.58±0.17)mmol/L、(15.48±1.72)ng/mL,均高于对照组,研究组HDL-C及血清CTRP9水平分别为(1.23±0.14)mmol/L、(8.38±0.85)ng/mL,均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T2DM~MS组空腹血糖、总胆固醇、LDL-C、甘油三酯及血清A-FABP水平分别为(10.26±1.32)mmol/L、(4.51±0.47)mmol/L、(3.15±0.33)mmol/L、(1.74±0.20)mmol/L、(18.21±2.06)ng/mL,均高于T2DM未合并MS组,T2DM~MS组HDL-C及血清CTRP9水平分别为(1.12±0.13)mmol/L、(7.26±0.75)ng/mL,均低于T2DM未合并MS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,血清CTRP9水平与空腹血糖、总胆固醇、LDL-C、甘油三酯均呈负相关(r=-0.902、-0.780、-0.745、-0.753;均P<0.05),与HDL-C呈正相关(r=0.827,P<0.05);血清A-FABP水平与空腹血糖、总胆固醇、LDL-C、甘油三酯均呈正相关(r=0.843、0.812、0.839、0.722;均P<0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0.768,P<0.05)。经ROC曲线分析,血清CTRP9联合A-FABP对T2DM~MS的诊断效能高于两者单独诊断。结论T2DM~MS患者血清CTRP9水平低表达,A-FABP水平高表达,血清CTRP9、A-FABP水平与糖脂代谢指标密切相关。血清CTRP9联合A-FABP可提高T2DM~MS的诊断效能,监测血清CTRP9、A-FABP水平有助于预测T2DM~MS的发生。

基于手机食谱软件饮食干预在2型糖尿病患者中的应用

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者中行基于手机食谱软件的饮食干预的作用。方法 选择2021年1月至2023年1月合肥市第一人民医院诊治的96例T2DM患者,按照随机数字表法将其分为常规组和干预组,各48例。常规组行常规饮食指导,干预组在常规组的基础上实施手机食谱软件的饮食干预。观察干预3个月后患者自我效能感、饮食依从性、糖脂代谢变化情况。结果 干预后,两组糖尿病自我效能感评分、饮食依从性测评得分均高于干预前,且干预组高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后,两组餐后2 h血糖、空腹血糖水平及胰岛素敏感指数低于干预前,且干预组低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 T2DM患者中行基于手机食谱软件的饮食干预,可提升患者自我效能,提高其饮食依从性,促进糖脂代谢指标改善。

2型糖尿病合并甲状腺功能亢进患者血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平与糖代谢指标的相关性分析

目的分析2型糖尿病合并甲状腺功能亢进(以下简称甲亢)患者血清信号素5A(Sema 5A)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平与糖代谢指标的相关性。方法选取2021年6月至2022年6月邯郸市中心医院收治的73例2型糖尿病合并甲亢患者作为合并组,56例单纯2型糖尿病患者作为糖尿病组,另选取同期在邯郸市中心医院体检的68例健康者作为对照组。比较对照组、糖尿病组、合并组血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平,比较糖尿病组、合并组临床资料[体质量指数、糖尿病病程、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)、胰岛素(FIN)、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T_(3))、甲状腺素(T_(4))、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT_(3))、游离甲状腺素(FT_(4))、促甲状腺素(TSH)、促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAB)及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAB)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]。采用多因素Logisitic回归分析2型糖尿病并发甲亢的危险因素,采用Pearson相关分析2型糖尿病合并甲亢患者血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平与糖代谢指标的相关性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3对2型糖尿病合并甲亢的诊断价值。结果合并组血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平高于对照组和糖尿病组,且糖尿病组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。合并组糖尿病病程长于糖尿病组,血清HOMA-IR、FIN、HbA1c、T_(3)、T_(4)、FT_(3)、FT_(4)、TRAB、TPOAB水平高于糖尿病组,TSH水平低于糖尿病组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logisitic回归分析结果显示,HOMA-IR、TPOAB、Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平升高,TSH水平降低为2型糖尿病并发甲亢的危险因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,2型糖尿病并发甲亢患者血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平与HOMA-IR、FBG、2 h PG、FIN、HbA1c、HDL-C水平均呈正相关(P<0.05)。2型糖尿病并发甲亢患者血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平与LDL-C水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3诊断2型糖尿病合并甲亢的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.854、0.804,2项指标联合诊断的AUC为0.900,且2项指标联合诊断的AUC高于Sema 5A、IGFBP-3单独诊断的AUC(Z联合-Sema 5A=2.156,P=0.043;Z联合-IGFBP-3=2.873,P=0.004)。结论2型糖尿病合并甲亢患者血清Sema 5A、IGFBP-3水平升高,且二者与糖代谢指标密切相关。

双叶散治疗脾虚痰瘀型2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝病的临床观察

【目的】观察双叶散治疗脾虚痰瘀型2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)的临床疗效。【方法】将80例脾虚痰瘀型T2DM合并NAFLD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。对照组给予西医常规降糖、降脂、护肝降酶治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予双叶散治疗,疗程为3个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肝功能及肝脏B超分度的变化情况,并评价2组患者的临床疗效及用药安全性。【结果】(1)疗效方面:治疗3个月后,治疗组的总有效率为85.00%(34/40),对照组为70.00%(28/40),组间比较(χ^(2)检验),治疗组的疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)中医证候积分方面:治疗后,2组患者的形体肥胖、肢体困重、气短懒言、胸闷刺痛、腹胀纳呆等中医证候积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且治疗组对各项中医证候积分的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)糖脂代谢指标方面:治疗后,2组患者的FINS、HOMA-IR、FBG、2hPG、HbA1C、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),HDL-C水平均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组对FINS、HOMA-IR、FBG、2hPG、HbA1C、TC、TG、LDL-C水平的降低幅度及对HDL-C水平的升高幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)肝功能方面:治疗后,2组患者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组对各项肝功能指标的降低幅度均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。(5)脂肪肝B超分度方面:治疗后,2组患者的脂肪肝B超分度均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05),且治疗组对脂肪肝B超分度的改善作用明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(6)安全性方面:治疗过程中,2组患者均无肝肾功能受损及血、尿、大便常规异常等不良反应。【结论】双叶散治疗脾虚痰瘀型T2DM合并NAFLD疗效显著,能减轻患者临床症状,纠正糖脂代谢紊乱,改善肝功能和脂肪肝B超分度。