Discussion on the Application of Conical Interlocks in Automobile Mold

The correct use of the conical interlocksin the automobile mold can keep the mold stabilityunchanged, and the mold stability does not change withthe parallel accuracy of the bed. In this way, repeatedresearch and development and repeated debug areavoided to obtain stable quality parts.

Research on Ventilation and Heat Insulation Layer Design of Split-Type Roof Greening Based on Topological Interlocking Principle

In this paper,the roof ventilation and heat insulation layer modules are combined with the roof greening,and each module is assembled through the principle of topological interlocking.The assembly of these modules does not require any rivets or cement mortar,and the structural stability of the overall assembled roof is achieved only through the interlocking and limiting the movements of the interlocked units.The green roof designed in this paper has strong applicability and can be applied to roofs of different shapes.Such a roof can not only meet the aesthetic needs,but also beautify the urban environment and reduce carbon emissions.

Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统在冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘栓塞术中的应用

目的探讨Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统应用于冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘栓塞术的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2016年12月23日至2017年9月7日于中国医学科学院阜外医院选用Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统行冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘栓塞术的6例冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘患者临床资料,其中包括男性2例,女性4例。所有患者均常规采用右侧桡动脉入径行冠状动脉造影以明确诊断,沿导管置入并释放Interlock可解脱弹簧圈于瘘管或瘤腔内,栓塞后行选择性冠状动脉造影评价疗效,观察术中及术后有无并发症发生。结果 6例选用Interlock可解脱弹簧圈行冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘栓塞术的患者均手术成功,无血管损伤及心肌梗死等术中并发症发生。有4例合并动脉瘤形成,其中3例应用弹簧圈填塞在动脉瘤体,1例栓塞在动脉瘤近心端瘘管。术中共用Interlock可解脱弹簧圈18枚,其中3枚为钻石型,15枚为普通2D型;弹簧圈直径为2～12 mm,长度为2.3～30 cm;瘘口直径为2～3 mm。即刻行选择性冠状动脉造影,其中3例为完全栓塞,3例有少量残余分流。术后所有患者胸闷、胸痛症状均得以缓解;超声心动图提示无异常血流,X线胸片提示弹簧圈位置、形态良好,心电图检查无新发心律失常或心肌缺血等改变。随访12个月,无心肌梗死、心源性休克、心室颤动、心室扑动、心脏破裂或猝死等主要不良心血管事件发生。结论 Interlock可解脱弹簧圈系统可控性高、安全性好,尤其适用于伴有动脉瘤形成、血管迂曲需要准确定位的冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘患者介入治疗。

Modeling the relationship of land use change and some geophysical indicators for the interlock area of farming and pasturing in China

This paper discusses land-use changes in the interlock area of farming and pasturing (IAFP) in northern China. It presents detailed analyses of land-use features in the IAFP, which are controlled by the macro geomorphic units and geophysical conditions-constraints or advantages. Additionally, it selects some indicators, according to the availability in acquiring and processing their quantitative data, to analyze the canonical correlations between the typical conversion of grassland and geophysical conditions. The preliminary study indicates that the physical conditions are of great advantages to the development of grassland. There exists significant correlation between land use change and some geophysical conditions.

The Supervisory Control System for the HL-2A Neutral Beam Injector

Supervisory control and protection system of the neutral beam injector （NBI） in the HL-2A tokamak is presented. The system is used for a safe coordination of all the main NBI subsystems. Because the system is based on computer networks with its transmission medium of optical fiber, its advantages in high operational stability, reliability, security and flexible functional expandability are clearly shown during the NBI commissioning and heating experiment in HL-2A.

Design and Implementation of Quench Protection in the EAST Cryogenic Control System

An outline of the complete design of the cryogenic system, including the detection of quench signals, the processing flow after a quench and the concrete measures of pressure release for EAST is described in this paper. The hardware and software configurations on DeltaV DCS are illustrated in detail. The results of quench protection testing in cooling experiments are also analyzed.

Effect of aggregate gradation on low temperature performance of asphalt paving mixtures

Low temperature cracking has become one of the important factors that diminish asphalt pavement's ride quality and service life.Especially in cold region,cracking caused by low temperature is the main distress form.This paper discussed the effect of aggregate gradation on the low temperature performance in asphalt paving mixtures.A total of 11 asphalt mixtures with 11 different aggregate gradations and one asphalt binder content were studied.Volumetric properties of the coarse aggregate and asphalt mixtures showed aggregate grading has a significant impact on the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures.A trend is existed in the low temperature performance with the change of gradation.With the aid of mathematic statistics,it indicates gradation affects the low temperature performance significantly.The findings also indicate the relationship between the degree of aggregate interlock in asphalt mixtures and the low temperature performance:With the stone-to-stone contact developed,the mixture has a high energy to resist contract and deformation at low temperature.The properties of fine aggregate and asphalt play an important part in resisting low temperature cracking in floating structure.But it provides lower energy to resist low temperature cracking compared to the skeleton structure.

Comparative study of intertrochanteric fracture fixation using proximal femoral nail with and without distal interlocking screws

BACKGROUND Intertrochanteric(IT)fracture is one of the most common fractures seen in an orthopaedic practice.Proximal femoral nailing(PFN)is a common modality of fixing IT femur fracture.We retrospectively studied whether a PFN with two proximal lag screws can be done without distal interlocking screws in the 31-A1 and 31-A2 fracture patterns according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association(AO/OTA)guidelines for IT femur fractures.AIM To compare the outcomes of IT fractures(AO/OTA 31-A1 and 31-A2)treated by PFN with and without distal interlocking screws.METHODS We carried out a retrospective study of 140 patients in a tertiary care centre who had AO/OTA type 31-A1 and 31-A2 IT fractures.We divided the patients into two groups,in which one of the groups received distal interlocking screws(group 1)and the other group did not(group 2).The subjects were followed up for a mean period of 14 mo and assessed for radiological union time,fracture site collapse,mechanical stability of implant,and complications associated with the PFN with distal interlocking and without distal interlocking.Then,the results were compared.RESULTS PFN without distal interlocking screws has several advantages and gives better results over PFN with distal interlocking screws in the AO/OTA 31-A2 fracture pattern.However,similar results were observed in both groups with the fracture pattern AO/OTA 31-A1.In patients with fracture pattern AO/OTA 31-A2 treated by PFN without distal interlocking screws,there were minimal proximal lockrelated complications and no risk of distal interlock-related complications.The operative time,IITV radiation time and time to radiological union were reduced.These patients also had better rotational alignment of the proximal femur,and the anatomy of the proximal femur was well maintained.It was also noted that in the cases where distal interlocking was performed,there was a gradual decrease in neck shaft angle,which led to varus collapse and failure of bone-implant construct in 21.40%.CONCLUSION In fracture pattern AO/OTA 31-A2,PFN without distal interlocking had better results and less complications than PFN with distal interlocking.

Verification of SEU resistance in 65 nm high-performance SRAM with dual DICE interleaving and EDAC mitigation strategies

A dual double interlocked storage cell(DICE)interleaving layout static random-access memory(SRAM)is designed and manufactured based on 65 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology.The single event upset(SEU)cross sections of this memory are obtained via heavy ion irradiation with a linear energy transfer(LET)value ranging from 1.7 to 83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)).Experimental results show that the upset threshold(LETth)of a 4 KB block is approximately 6 MeV/(mg/cm^(2)),which is much better than that of a standard unhardened SRAM with an identical technology node.A 1 KB block has a higher LETth of 25 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))owing to the use of the error detection and correction(EDAC)code.For a Ta ion irradiation test with the highest LET value(83.4 MeV/(mg/cm^(2))),the benefit of the EDAC code is reduced significantly because the multi-bit upset proportion in the SEU is increased remarkably.Compared with normal incident ions,the memory exhibits a higher SEU sensitivity in the tilt angle irradiation test.Moreover,the SEU cross section indicates a significant dependence on the data pattern.When comprehensively considering HSPICE simulation results and the sensitive area distributions of the DICE cell,it is shown that the data pattern dependence is primarily associated with the arrangement of sensitive transistor pairs in the layout.Finally,some suggestions are provided to further improve the radiation resistance of the memory.By implementing a particular design at the layout level,the SEU tolerance of the memory is improved significantly at a low area cost.Therefore,the designed 65 nm SRAM is suitable for electronic systems operating in serious radiation environments.

Interlocked MXene/rGO aerogel with excellent mechanical stability for a health-monitoring device

Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted considerable interest thanks to their unique electronic/physical-chemical characteristics and their potential for use in a large variety of sensing applications.However,few-layered nanosheets tend to agglomerate owing to van der Waals forces,which obstruct internal nanoscale transport channels,resulting in low electrochemical activity and restricting their use for sensing purposes.Here,a hybrid MXene/rGO aerogel with a three-dimensional(3D)interlocked network was fabricated via a freeze-drying method.The porous MXene/rGO aerogel has a lightweight and hierarchical porous architecture,which can be compressed and expanded several times without breaking.Additionally,a flexible pressure sensor that uses the aerogel as the sensitive layer has a wide response range of approximately 0-40 kPa and a considerable response within this range,averaging approximately 61.49 kPa^(-1).The excellent sensing performance endows it with a broad range of applications,including human-computer interfaces and human health monitoring.

A New Method of Early Short Circuit Detection

To reduce the pressure on contacts and circuit breaker and realize the zone selective interlocking (ZSI) function above the instantaneous protection threshold (e.g., >10In), the short circuit current needs to be early detected. The state-of–art of early short circuit detection (ESCD) method is reviewed. Based on the equivalent model of the short circuit, a new method based on the current and its integration is proposed. The prospective current value can be detected in the early stage of the short circuit. According to the evaluation result, the short circuit current can be early forecasted with the proposed method.

Open Fracture Tibia Treated by Unreamed Interlocking Nail. Long Experience in El-Bakry General Hospital

Background: Internal splintage of open tibial fractures had gained acceptance as a preferred method of early stabilization of such injuries. Patients and Methods: Fifty-five patients had been operated upon. They were followed from July 2008 to March 2013 (56 months) with an average time of 39 months. The final results had been evaluated through a scheme including 7 parameters: pain, union, malunion, infection, range motions of nearby joints, implant and technical failure and activity and returning to the same work. Results: According to previous parameters, union was achieved in 52 cases (94.5%) at an average time of 20 weeks (16 - 52 weeks) with 5.5% incidence of nonunion. Excellent and good ranges of knee and ankle motions were achieved at final follow-up visit in 49 cases (89.09%). The incidence of complication was acceptable mainly malunion 7.3%, deep infection 12.7%, implant and technical failure 9.1% full activity and returning to the same work achieved in 89.1%. The overall net results of our series are as follows: excellent—19 cases (34.5%), good—27 cases (49.1%), fair—6 cases (10.9%) and poor—3 cases (5.5%). Conclusion: Utilizing unreamed interlocking nail for open tibial fractures is a good method of treatment particularly those of grade (II), and (IIIA).

Verifying the accuracy of interlocking tables for railway signalling systems using abstract state machines

Railway transportation system is a critical sector where design methods and techniques are defined by international standards in order to reduce possible risks to an acceptable minimum level. CENELEC 50128 strongly recommends the utilization of finite state machines during system modelling stage and formal proof methods during the verifi- cation and testing stages of control algorithms. Due to the high importance of interlocking table at the design state of a sig- nalization system, the modelling and verification of inter- locking tables are examined in this work. For this purpose, abstract state machines are used as a modelling tool. The developed models have been performed in a generalized structure such that the model control can be done automatically for the interlocking systems. In this study, NuSMV is used at the verification state. Also, the consistency of the developed models has been supervised through fault injection. The developed models and software components are applied on a real railway station operated by Metro Istanbul Co.

Olecranon anatomy:Use of a novel proximal interlocking screw for intramedullary nailing,a cadaver study

AIM: To define the optimum safe angle of use for an eccentrically aligned proximal interlocking screw(PIS) for intramedullary nailing(IMN).METHODS: Thirty-six dry cadaver ulnas were split into two equal pieces sagitally. The following points were identified for each ulna: the deepest point of the incisura olecrani(A), the point where perpendicular lines from A and the ideal IMN entry point(D) are intersected(C) and a point at 3.5 mm(2 mm safety distance from articular surface + 1.5 mm radius of PIS) posterior from point A(B). We calculated the angle of screws inserted from point D through to point B in relation to D-C and B-C. In addition, an eccentrically aligned screw was inserted at a standard 20° through the anterior cortex of the ulna in each bone and the articular surface wasobserved macroscopically for any damage.RESULTS: The mean A-C distance was 9.6 mm(mean ± SD, 9.600 ± 0.763 mm), A-B distance was 3.5 mm, C-D distance was 12.500 mm(12.500 ± 1.371 mm) and the mean angle was 25.9°(25.9°± 2.0°). Lack of articular damage was confirmed macroscopically in all bones after the 20.0° eccentrically aligned screws were inserted. Intramedullary nail fixation systems have well known biological and biomechanical advantages for osteosynthesis. However, as well as these well-known advantages, IMN fixation of the ulna has some limitations. Some important limitations are related to the proximal interlocking of the ulna nail. The location of the PIS itself limits the indications for which intramedullary systems can be selected as an implant for the ulna. The new PIS design, where the PIS is aligned 20°eccentrically to the nail body, allows fixing of fractures even at the level of the olecranon without disturbing the joint. It also allows the eccentrically aligned screw to be inserted in any direction except through the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Taking into consideration our results, we now use a 20° eccentrically aligned PIS for all ulnas. In our results, the angle required to insert the PIS was less than 20° for only one bone. However, 0.7° difference corresponds to placement of the screw only 0.2 mm closer to the articular surface. As we assume 2.0 mm to be a safe distance, a placement of the screw 0.2 mm closer to the articular surface may not produce any clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION: The new PIS may give us the opportunity to interlock IMN without articular damage and confirmation by fluoroscopy if the nail is manufactured with a PIS aligned at a 20.0° fixed angle in relation to the IMN.

Design of Railway Computer Interlocking Search Algorithm and Implementation of Interlocking Software

The computer interlocking system has a wide application in realizing interlocking control between the switch, the signal, and the track circuit in station. Due to the similarity between the binary tree and the station-type data structure, the actual station route search method and the recursive algorithm are combined inorder to realize the computer interlocking route search. On this basis, through the design of switch class, track circuit class and signal machine class, by using C++ object-oriented the management of station data structure and entity object are realized, and then the crowding alarm, switch operations and so on in computer interlocking software. Taking the implementation of 5# station computer interlocking software as an example and based on are realized C++ the object-oriented computer interlocking software is written to provide a reference for realizing the railway computer interlocking training system function.

Experimental studies on interface mechanism of interlocking attachment of porous titanium

The feature of porous titanium is that new bone trabecular tissue could ingrow intoits pores and produce interlocking attachment.The spherical TC4 powder and titanium fiberwere seperately implanted into the femurs of 24 dogs.The pore size of the samples was0.24mm and their rates of porosity were 40%～50%.After 3 months,the interface shearstrength examined by straight pulling test,was over 4.60±0.36MPa.Scanning electronmicroscopy showed that there were new bone components in the porous layer.Lightmicroscopy also revealed that there were new bone lacunae and their pathways in it.Thedepth of the reforming bone was 3 mm.Interface shear strength of the new bone in the po-rous layer might meet the need of load bearing.Porous materials would prevent the artificialjoint from loosening and thus help to develop a new service clinically.

Design of a personnel safety interlock system for proton therapy

Proton therapy is the most advanced radiotherapy approach in the world,and causes less damage to normal human tissue than traditional radiotherapy.Because the treatment process produces a high-energy proton beam,the personnel safety interlock system mainly considers measures to protect personnel from radiation hazards during beam preparation and the beam release process.Unlike other safety interlock systems,the personnel safety interlock system designed in this study focuses on the safety and stability of the system itself.The hardware and software of important interlock control loops are designed and developed according to the requirements of Safety Integrity Level 3 specified by IEC61508.A set of redundant ring networks was developed to ensure that damage to a certain network line does not affect the normal operation of the system.A set of friendly operation interfaces and data storage systems were developed to ensure that the operator can monitor the data in real time and trace the data.The personnel safety interlock system mainly includes a beam enabling function,clearance function,and emergency stop function.The system was put into actual use and successfully ensured personnel safety.

“Push back” technique: A simple method to remove broken drill bit from the proximal femur

Broken drill bits can be difficult to remove from the proximal femur and may necessitate additional surgical exploration or special instrumentation.We present a simple technique to remove a broken drill bit that does not require any special instrumentation and can be accomplished through the existing incision.This technique is useful for those cases where the length of the broken drill bit is greater than the diameter of the bone.

Path of Building a Global City in Shanghai Based on the “Space of Flows” Theory

The "Shanghai Master Plan(2017—2035)" clearly states that building a global city with excellence has become the direction of its efforts in recent decades which requires Shanghai to become an important "global node" in the global city network structure like New York and London. Based on the "space of flow" theory, this paper uses the interlocking network model of Globalization and World Cities(GaWC) to calculate connective index of 48 cities whose level is "alpha" and above in GaWC's researches. There are still many gaps between Shanghai and other top global cities such as New York, London and Tokyo. Through the calculation of Theil Entropy, the importance ranking of the factors affecting Shanghai's status in the global city network is obtained. The results show that the proportion of foreign population, the number of sister cities, the number of headquarters of multinational corporations and the proportion of GDP in the whole country significantly affect Shanghai's status in the global city network.

Dimensional Properties and Stretchability of Cotton Interlock with Missing Needle Fabrics

The dimensional properties and uniarial stretchability of cotton interlock and interlock with missing needle are discussed on the basis of definition system for double knits. K values used widely to describe the dimensional properties of plain knitted structures are developed into the study of double knitted structures in this paper. K values are not constants, the numerical values of which will depend on the actual configuration of various knitted structures. It is suggested that the effect of knitted structures on dimensional properties and stretchability can be described by K values.