External and internal rectal prolapse with their affiliated rectocele and enterocele, are associated with debilitating symptoms such as obstructed defecation, pelvic pain and faecal incontinence. Since perineal proced...External and internal rectal prolapse with their affiliated rectocele and enterocele, are associated with debilitating symptoms such as obstructed defecation, pelvic pain and faecal incontinence. Since perineal procedures are associated with a higher recurrence rate, an abdominal approach is commonly preferred. Despite the description of greater than three hundred different procedures, thus far no clear superiority of one surgical technique has been demonstrated. Ventral mesh rectopexy(VMR) is a relatively new and promising technique to correct rectal prolapse. In contrast to the abdominal procedures of past decades, VMR avoids posterolateral rectal mobilisation and thereby minimizes the risk of postoperative constipation. Because of a perceived acceptable recurrence rate, good functional results and low mesh-related morbidity in the short to medium term, VMR has been popularized in the past decade. Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted VMR is now being progressively performed internationally and several articles and guidelines propose the procedure as the treatment of choice for rectal prolapse. In this article, an outline of the current status of laparoscopic and robotic ventral mesh rectopexy for the treatment of internal and external rectal prolapse is presented.展开更多
The internal friction and precipitate phases of the deformed Fe-P-N alloys have been investigated. It has been found that the ratio of depends on the content of P and the relation holds if the content of N is lower th...The internal friction and precipitate phases of the deformed Fe-P-N alloys have been investigated. It has been found that the ratio of depends on the content of P and the relation holds if the content of N is lower than 30wt.ppm and the content of P is lower than 640wt.ppm. It shows that the intercept K2 is related to the presence of the atomic pairs and clusters of P in the alloy matrix.展开更多
The grain boundary internal friction(GBIF)in Fe-P and Fe-P-La alloys containing trace Cu has been studied.It is found that an addition of 0.584—0.722 wt-% La obviously reduces the IF,shifts grain boundary peaks towar...The grain boundary internal friction(GBIF)in Fe-P and Fe-P-La alloys containing trace Cu has been studied.It is found that an addition of 0.584—0.722 wt-% La obviously reduces the IF,shifts grain boundary peaks towards higher temperatures,and produces a small addi- tional peak at even higher temperature.The mechanism of GBIF is explained as the movement of defects of atomic size,namely point defects,at gram boundaries and/or their clusters un- der stress.展开更多
Based on the conception of P(ρ,σ)-set(XP ˉFρ, XPFσ), this paper studied the relation between outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set: give outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set relation theorem, outer P(ρ,σ)-set and nu...Based on the conception of P(ρ,σ)-set(XP ˉFρ, XPFσ), this paper studied the relation between outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set: give outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set relation theorem, outer P(ρ,σ)-set and numerical value σ relation theorem, outer P(ρ,σ)-set's range;studied other characteristics of outer P(ρ,σ)-set: give the finiteness theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, the set chain theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, the outer P(ρ,σ)-set probability interval finite partition theorem, and its corollary; also give generation, reduction, identification theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, filter generation theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set; finally give its application.展开更多
把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进了普通集合X,提出了P-集合(packet sets);P-集合是由内P-集合X■(internal packet set X■)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对;或者(X■,XF)是P-集合。P-集合具有动态特性:内P-集合...把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进了普通集合X,提出了P-集合(packet sets);P-集合是由内P-集合X■(internal packet set X■)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对;或者(X■,XF)是P-集合。P-集合具有动态特性:内P-集合具有内-动态特性,外P-集合具有外-动态特性。把P-集合(X■,XF)引入到L.A.Zadeh模糊集A中,改进L.A.Zadeh模糊集A,提出P-模糊集(packet fuzzy sets)。P-模糊集是由内P-模糊集A■(internal packetfuzzy set A■)与外P-模糊集AF(outer packet fuzzy set AF)构成的模糊集合对,或者(A■,AF)是P-模糊集。P-模糊集具有动态特性,给出了P-模糊集的若干特征与应用。在一定条件下,P-模糊集(A■,AF)能够回到L.A.Zadeh模糊集A的"原点"。P-模糊集比L.A.Zadeh模糊集具有更大的应用空间。P-模糊集是模糊集理论与应用中的一个新的研究方向。展开更多
P-集合(packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合(Cantor set)内,以改进有限普通集合而提出的。P-集合具有动态特性。P-集合是由内P-集合XF-(internal packet set XF-)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对。利用P-集合,...P-集合(packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合(Cantor set)内,以改进有限普通集合而提出的。P-集合具有动态特性。P-集合是由内P-集合XF-(internal packet set XF-)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对。利用P-集合,提出内P-等价类、外P-等价类、P等价类的概念;给出P-等价类还原定理、内P-等价类离散区间内点定理、外P-等价类离散区间外点定理、P-等价类离散区间子区间定理、P-等价类辨识准则;利用这些结果给出P-等价类在未知信息搜索-辨识中的应用。结果表明,P-集合与普通集合之间存在交叉、渗透空间,一些新结果潜藏在这个空间中。展开更多
P-集合(packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进有限普通集合X得到的一个动态模型;在一定的条件下,P-集合被还原成有限普通集合X。P-集合由内P-集合XF珚(internal packet set XF珚)与外P-集合XF(outerpacket set XF)构成...P-集合(packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进有限普通集合X得到的一个动态模型;在一定的条件下,P-集合被还原成有限普通集合X。P-集合由内P-集合XF珚(internal packet set XF珚)与外P-集合XF(outerpacket set XF)构成的集合对;或者,(XF珚,XF)是P-集合。P-推理(packet reasoning)由内P-推理(internal packet rea-soning)与外P-推理(outer packet reasoning)共同构成。利用内P-集合与内P-推理,给出了内P-信息恢复概念与内P-信息恢复特征、内P-信息恢复的内P-推理生成与它的属性潜藏、内P-信息恢复的信息元补充定理、内P-信息恢复的依赖性定理,以及内P-推理信息恢复的属性潜藏定理与属性潜藏发现定理。利用这些理论结果,给出内P-推理信息恢复在信息系统中的应用。展开更多
文摘External and internal rectal prolapse with their affiliated rectocele and enterocele, are associated with debilitating symptoms such as obstructed defecation, pelvic pain and faecal incontinence. Since perineal procedures are associated with a higher recurrence rate, an abdominal approach is commonly preferred. Despite the description of greater than three hundred different procedures, thus far no clear superiority of one surgical technique has been demonstrated. Ventral mesh rectopexy(VMR) is a relatively new and promising technique to correct rectal prolapse. In contrast to the abdominal procedures of past decades, VMR avoids posterolateral rectal mobilisation and thereby minimizes the risk of postoperative constipation. Because of a perceived acceptable recurrence rate, good functional results and low mesh-related morbidity in the short to medium term, VMR has been popularized in the past decade. Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted VMR is now being progressively performed internationally and several articles and guidelines propose the procedure as the treatment of choice for rectal prolapse. In this article, an outline of the current status of laparoscopic and robotic ventral mesh rectopexy for the treatment of internal and external rectal prolapse is presented.
文摘The internal friction and precipitate phases of the deformed Fe-P-N alloys have been investigated. It has been found that the ratio of depends on the content of P and the relation holds if the content of N is lower than 30wt.ppm and the content of P is lower than 640wt.ppm. It shows that the intercept K2 is related to the presence of the atomic pairs and clusters of P in the alloy matrix.
文摘The grain boundary internal friction(GBIF)in Fe-P and Fe-P-La alloys containing trace Cu has been studied.It is found that an addition of 0.584—0.722 wt-% La obviously reduces the IF,shifts grain boundary peaks towards higher temperatures,and produces a small addi- tional peak at even higher temperature.The mechanism of GBIF is explained as the movement of defects of atomic size,namely point defects,at gram boundaries and/or their clusters un- der stress.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the Basic and Frontier Technology Research Projects of Henan Province （132300410289） Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province（2012D112）
文摘Based on the conception of P(ρ,σ)-set(XP ˉFρ, XPFσ), this paper studied the relation between outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set: give outer P(ρ,σ)-set and outer P-set relation theorem, outer P(ρ,σ)-set and numerical value σ relation theorem, outer P(ρ,σ)-set's range;studied other characteristics of outer P(ρ,σ)-set: give the finiteness theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, the set chain theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, the outer P(ρ,σ)-set probability interval finite partition theorem, and its corollary; also give generation, reduction, identification theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set, filter generation theorem of outer P(ρ,σ)-set; finally give its application.
文摘把动态特性引入到有限普通集合X内,改进了普通集合X,提出了P-集合(packet sets);P-集合是由内P-集合X■(internal packet set X■)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对;或者(X■,XF)是P-集合。P-集合具有动态特性:内P-集合具有内-动态特性,外P-集合具有外-动态特性。把P-集合(X■,XF)引入到L.A.Zadeh模糊集A中,改进L.A.Zadeh模糊集A,提出P-模糊集(packet fuzzy sets)。P-模糊集是由内P-模糊集A■(internal packetfuzzy set A■)与外P-模糊集AF(outer packet fuzzy set AF)构成的模糊集合对,或者(A■,AF)是P-模糊集。P-模糊集具有动态特性,给出了P-模糊集的若干特征与应用。在一定条件下,P-模糊集(A■,AF)能够回到L.A.Zadeh模糊集A的"原点"。P-模糊集比L.A.Zadeh模糊集具有更大的应用空间。P-模糊集是模糊集理论与应用中的一个新的研究方向。
文摘P-集合(packet sets)是把动态特性引入到有限普通集合(Cantor set)内,以改进有限普通集合而提出的。P-集合具有动态特性。P-集合是由内P-集合XF-(internal packet set XF-)与外P-集合XF(outer packet set XF)构成的集合对。利用P-集合,提出内P-等价类、外P-等价类、P等价类的概念;给出P-等价类还原定理、内P-等价类离散区间内点定理、外P-等价类离散区间外点定理、P-等价类离散区间子区间定理、P-等价类辨识准则;利用这些结果给出P-等价类在未知信息搜索-辨识中的应用。结果表明,P-集合与普通集合之间存在交叉、渗透空间,一些新结果潜藏在这个空间中。
