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Effect of internal structure of a batch-processing wet-etch reactor on fluid flow and heat transfer
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作者 Qinghang Deng Junqi Weng +2 位作者 Lei Zhou Guanghua Ye Xinggui Zhou 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期177-186,共10页
Batch-processing wet-etch reactors are the key equipment widely used in chip fabrication,and their performance is largely affected by the internal structure.This work develops a three-dimensional computational fluid d... Batch-processing wet-etch reactors are the key equipment widely used in chip fabrication,and their performance is largely affected by the internal structure.This work develops a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model considering heat generation of wet-etching reactions to investigate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the wet-etch reactor.The backflow is observed below and above the wafer region,as the flow resistance in this region is high.The temperature on the upper part of a wafer is higher due to the accumulation of reaction heat,and the average temperature of the side wafer is highest as its convective heat transfer is weakest.Narrowing the gap between wafer and reactor wall can force the etchant to flow in the wafer region and then facilitate the convective heat transfer,leading to better within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer etch uniformities.An inlet angle of 60°balances fluid by-pass and mechanical energy loss,and it yields the best temperature and etch uniformities.The batch with 25wafers has much wider flow channels and much lower flow resistance compared with that with 50wafers,and thus it shows better temperature and etch uniformities.These results and the CFD model should serve to guide the optimal design of batch-processing wet-etch reactors. 展开更多
关键词 Wet-etch reactor Batch-processing Computational fluid dynamics Reaction heat internal structure Etch uniformity
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Response of bedload transport, submarine topography, and dune internal structures to typhoon processes off Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf 被引量:2
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作者 MA Xiaochuan YAN Jun +1 位作者 FAN Fengxin YAO Ping 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第4期27-40,共14页
Bedload sediment transport was estimated by the SEDTRANS96 model based on three-day hydrodynamics data obtained off the Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Bed- forms on the sea ... Bedload sediment transport was estimated by the SEDTRANS96 model based on three-day hydrodynamics data obtained off the Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Bed- forms on the sea floor off the Dongfang coast and internal structures of a typical dune were interpreted to evaluate storm influences on individual dunes and the dune field. Results indicated that flow forcings and related bedload transport were both strengthened significantly due to Typhoon Ketsana. The measurements and modeling results, which mainly included three different stages, presented noticeable phasic variation. The three stages were dominated by tidal current (Period I), tidal current combined with wind-induced waves (Period II), and swells combined with tidal current and seaward flows (Period III). This phasic varia- tion could be a common trait of hydrodynamics due to typhoons moving westwardly to the south of Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf in South China Sea. Results indicated that the maximum bedioad transport rate for every burst in Period III was almost 100 times larger than that in Period I and was ten times larger than that in Period II. However, the short-term increase in bedload transport induced by storms like Ketsana did not change the long-term evolution of dune morphology. Evidence was given by the internal structures of a typical dune, which revealed renewed modification under subsequent moderate conditions after storm ero- sion. Instead, storms may influence at different scales and regional allocation of sand dunes in some large areas because changes of the sea floor in large scales can hardly be recovered. More surveys during and after storm passage are also needed to document the level of positive contribution to forward migration. 展开更多
关键词 TYPHOON bedload transport sand dune internal structure Beibu Gulf
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Advances in polishing of internal structures on parts made by laser-based powder bed fusion
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作者 Mingyue SHEN Fengzhou FANG 《Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第1期93-114,共22页
The internal structures of metallic products are important in realizing functional applications.Considering the manufacturing of inner structures,laser-based powder bed fusion(L-PBF)is an attractive approach because i... The internal structures of metallic products are important in realizing functional applications.Considering the manufacturing of inner structures,laser-based powder bed fusion(L-PBF)is an attractive approach because its layering principle enables the fabrication of parts with customized interior structures.However,the inferior surface quality of L-PBF components hinders its productization progress seriously.In this article,process,basic forms,and applications relevant to L-PBF internal structures are reviewed comprehensively.The causes of poor surface quality and differences in the microstructure and property of the surface features of L-PBF inner structures are presented to provide a perspective of their surface characteristics.Various polishing technologies for L-PBF components with inner structures are presented,whereas their strengths and weaknesses are summarized along with a discussion on the challenges and prospects for improving the interior surface quality of L-PBF parts. 展开更多
关键词 laser-based powder bed fusion POLISHING internal structures surface quality surface features post process additive manufacturing
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Understanding the Moon's internal structure through moonquake observations and remote sensing technologies 被引量:2
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作者 Weifeng HAO Fei LI +2 位作者 Chi XIAO Jianguo YAN Mao YE 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第8期995-1006,共12页
Explorations for the interior structure of the Moon mainly involve three technologies: the early gravitational observations via circumlunar satellites, the moonquake observations during the Apollo period, and the rece... Explorations for the interior structure of the Moon mainly involve three technologies: the early gravitational observations via circumlunar satellites, the moonquake observations during the Apollo period, and the recent high-resolution remote sensing observations. Based on these technologies, we divided the development of the moon's interior structure into three stages. The first stage is the discovery of high-density anomalous masses(mascons) on the lunar surface with the low-order gravitational field models, which were obtained by observing perturbations of the early lunar orbital satellites. The second stage is the preliminary understanding of the layer structure with the help of moonquake observations during the Apollo period. The third stage is the deep understanding of the structure of the lunar crust, mantle, and core, with the use of high-resolution remote sensing data and the reassessment of moonquake data from the Apollo's mission. This paper gave detailed introduction and comments on different observation technologies, gathered data, and data processing techniques used at the three stages. In addition, this paper analyzed the current issues in the researches on the Moon's internal structure and discussed the prospects for future explorations. 展开更多
关键词 Moon Mascon Moonquake Remote sensing Lunar internal structure
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Gauge invariance and quantization applied to atom and nucleon internal structure
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作者 王凡 陈相松 +2 位作者 吕晓夫 孙为民 T.Goldman 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第9期1312-1319,共8页
The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum,orbital angular momentum and spin operators,satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation,but one never has these operators whi... The prevailing theoretical quark and gluon momentum,orbital angular momentum and spin operators,satisfy either gauge invariance or the corresponding canonical commutation relation,but one never has these operators which satisfy both except the quark spin.The conflicts between gauge invariance and the canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed.A new set of quark and gluon momentum,orbital angular momentum and spin operators,which satisfy both gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation,are proposed.To achieve such a proper decomposition the key point is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts.The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics,and have been solved in the same manner.The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 nucleon internal structure quark-gluon momentum and angular momentum canonical commu-tation relation gauge invariance.
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Nucleon internal structure: a new set of quark, gluon momentum, angular momentum operators and parton distribution functions
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作者 王凡 陈相松 +2 位作者 吕晓夫 孙为民 T. Goldman 《Chinese Physics C》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第12期1197-1204,共8页
It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon mom... It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relation, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed. 展开更多
关键词 nucleon internal structure quark-gluon momentum and angular momentum canonical commutation relation gauge invariance
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The internal structure models of Europa
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作者 JIN Sheng JI JiangHui 《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第1期156-161,共6页
We model the interior of Europa using a method by which we set three layers of Europa and the composition of each layer in advance. Comparing the calculated mass and radius related to each model with the data derived ... We model the interior of Europa using a method by which we set three layers of Europa and the composition of each layer in advance. Comparing the calculated mass and radius related to each model with the data derived by the observations, we propose three possible internal structure models for Europa. All models are assumed to be differentiated into a metallic core, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 silicate mantle and an outer water shell. The only difference amongst these models are the composition of the core. The core of Model I is composed of Fe, while Model II composed of FeS, and the two models are based on the inferences provided by Europa's external gravitational field. Model III has a core which consists of Fe-FeS alloy, similar to that of Earth's outer core. Model I has a Fe core with a radius of 431 km, a (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle with 999 km and a water shell with 132 km. Model II has a 777 km FeS core, a 619 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 167 km water shell. Model III has a 571 km Fe0.8(FeS)0.2 core, a 832 km (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 mantle and a 166 km water shell. In all three models, the density range and the radius of each layer is consistent with those deduced by Anderson et al. 展开更多
关键词 EUROPA internal structure equation of state
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Temporal variations in internal tide multimodal structure on the continental shelf, South China Sea 被引量:2
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作者 GAO Dalu JIN Guangzhen LU Xianqing 《Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第1期70-78,共9页
Temporal variations in multimodal structures of diurnal( D_1) and semidiurnal( D_2) internal tides were investigated on the continental slope of the Dongsha Plateau, based on 2-month moored acoustic Doppler current pr... Temporal variations in multimodal structures of diurnal( D_1) and semidiurnal( D_2) internal tides were investigated on the continental slope of the Dongsha Plateau, based on 2-month moored acoustic Doppler current profiler observations. Harmonic analysis indicated that the D_1 components( K_1 and O_1) dominated the internal tide field. The vertical structure of the K_1 constituent presented a first-mode structure while the M_2 constituent seemed to exhibit a high-mode structure. Amplitude spectra analysis of the current data revealed differences in baroclinic current amplitudes between different water depths. Temporal variations in modal structures ware analyzed, based on the D_1 and D_2 baroclinic tides extracted from the baroclinic velocity field with band-pass filters. Analysis showed that the magnitude of the D_1 internal tide current was much larger than the D_2 current, and temporal variations in the modal structure of the D_1 internal tide occurred on an approximately fortnightly cycle. The EOF analyses revealed temporal transformation of multimodal structures for D_1 and D_2 internal tides. The enhancement of the D_1 internal tide was mainly due to the superposition of K_1 and O_1, according to the temporal variation of coherent kinetic energy. 展开更多
关键词 internal tides South China Sea multimodal structure temporal variation
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Construction of Oriented Structure in Inner Surface of Small-Diameter Artificial Blood Vessels:A Review 被引量:1
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作者 伊光辉 成馨雨 +3 位作者 耿梦想 孟凯 张克勤 赵荟菁 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 CAS 2023年第2期149-163,共15页
There is an urgent need for small-diameter artificial blood vessels in clinic.Physical,chemical and biological factors should be integrated to avoid thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after implantation and to promote... There is an urgent need for small-diameter artificial blood vessels in clinic.Physical,chemical and biological factors should be integrated to avoid thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after implantation and to promote successful fabrication of small-diameter artificial blood vessels.From a physical perspective,the internal oriented structures of natural blood vessels plays an important role in guiding the directional growth of cells,improving the blood flow environment,and promoting the regeneration of vascular tissue.In this review,the effects of the oriented structures on cells,including endothelial cells(ECs),smooth muscle cells(SMCs)and stem cells,as well as the effect of the oriented structures on hemodynamics and vascular tissue remodeling and regeneration are introduced.Various forms of oriented structures(fibers,grooves,channels,etc.)and their construction methods are also reviewed.Conclusions and future perspectives are given.It is expected to give some references to relevant researches. 展开更多
关键词 small-diameter artificial blood vessel internal oriented structure direct cell behavior vascular tissue remodeling and regeneration
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The Multi-Objective Optimization of AFPM Generators with Double-Sided Internal Stator Structures for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines
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作者 Dandan Song Lianjun Zhou +2 位作者 Ziqi Peng Senhua Luo Jun Zhu 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2021年第5期1439-1452,共14页
The axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM)generator with double-sided internal stator structure is highly suitable for vertical axis wind turbines due to its high power density.The performance of the AFPM generator with do... The axial flux permanent magnet(AFPM)generator with double-sided internal stator structure is highly suitable for vertical axis wind turbines due to its high power density.The performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure can be improved by the reasonable design of electromagnetic parameters.To further improve the overall performance of the AFPM generator with double-sided internal stator structure,multivariable(coil widthω_(c),permanent magnet thickness h,pole arc coefficient α_(p) and working air gap l_(g))and multi-objective(generator efficiencyη,total harmonic distortion of the voltage THD and induced electromotive force amplitude EMF)functional relationships are innovatively established.Orthogonal analysis,mean analysis and variance analysis are performed on the influence parameters by combining the Taguchi method and response surface methodology to study the influence degrees of each influence parameter on the optimization objectives to determine the most appropriate electromagnetic parameters.The optimization results are verified by 3D finite element analysis.The optimized APFM generator with double-sided internal stator structure exhibits superior economy,stronger magnetic density,higher efficiency and improved power quality. 展开更多
关键词 Wind turbine double-sided internal stator structure multi-objective optimization axial flux permanent magnet generator
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The effect of internal tides on the vertical structure of tidal current in the North Huanghai Sea
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作者 Zhao Junsheng, Geng Shijiang,Sun Hongliang and Zhang Zili First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China 《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1991年第1期15-35,共21页
The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas. The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline. The observed tidal current ... The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas. The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline. The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts, an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current. A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy, and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method. The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions, the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite. The interaction between the averaged barotropic and the variation tide current plays an important role in forming the vertical structure of the tidal current, and it is mainly the interaction that results in the inho-mogeneous distribution of the tide current energy in the entire water column ; the ratio between the total energies of the internal tide current above the thermocline and the variation tide current in the entire water column is greater than the ratio between the total energies of that below the thermocline and the variation's. In a strong internal tide area such as the neighbourhood of Station L4, at diurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 38. 82% and 29. 88%, respectively, and the energy of the internal tide current is about 68. 70%of the energy of the variation tide current; at semidiurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 26. 61 % and 19. 73% , respectively, and the total internal tide current energy is about 46. 36% of the total variation tide current energy. 展开更多
关键词 The effect of internal tides on the vertical structure of tidal current in the North Huanghai Sea
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AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING INTERNAL FORCES AND DEFORMATIONS OF BAR-SYSTEM STRUCTURE IN SPACE
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作者 袁发荣 陈雪峰 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 1989年第7期623-630,共8页
In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step fu... In this paper, based on the idea of finite element method, the initial parametric method in bending, problem of a beam is extended to analyse the bar-system structure by employing Dirac function and llcavisidc step function.Then a new method for analysing the internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure in space is suggested by improving the mixed method in statically indeterminate structure.The inferred process and obtained answer will be more succinct and accurate when the problem of internal forces and deformations of bar-system structure is analysed by using the new method provided in this paper. 展开更多
关键词 AN ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING internal FORCES AND DEFORMATIONS OF BAR-SYSTEM structure IN SPACE
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Earth: Review Article
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作者 Vladimir S. Netchitailo 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 CAS 2024年第1期31-51,共21页
Every year on 22 April, we have celebrated Earth Day and the beautiful planet we call home. Earth Day, established in 1970, has been used to highlight our planet’s environmental challenges and raise awareness of the ... Every year on 22 April, we have celebrated Earth Day and the beautiful planet we call home. Earth Day, established in 1970, has been used to highlight our planet’s environmental challenges and raise awareness of the importance of protecting our world for future generations [1]. To provide the protection of our planet, we should explain Earth’s environmental challenges to the best of our knowledge in frames of contemporary Geophysics. This paper gives a short overview of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) and pay particular attention to the principal role of Dark Matter (DM) in the Earth’s life. In this manuscript, we discuss different aspects of the Earth: a condition of Young Earth before the Beginning of life on It;Internal Structure;“The 660-km Boundary” that we named Geomagma;Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed on a daily basis;Origin of Moon;Expanding Earth;Internal Heating;Faint Young Sun paradox;Geocorona and Planetary Coronas;High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. WUM proposed principally different ways to solve the problems of Internal Heating, Origin of the Moon, and Faint Young Sun paradox based on DM core of the Earth. The Model revealed the fact that the Sun Activity causes the Geomagma Activity and, as a consequence, Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed by the varying Sun’s magnetic field. 展开更多
关键词 internal structure 660-km Boundary internal Heating Faint Young Sun Paradox Origin of Moon Expanding Earth Random Variations of Earth’s Rotational Speed
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Effects of Internal Relaxation under Inplane Strain on the Structural,Electronic and Optical Properties of Perovskite BaZrO3
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作者 秦国强 PENG Xiaojun +4 位作者 ZHANG Guanglei WU Hongya WANG Caihui YU Gang FU Hua 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2017年第2期397-402,共6页
We present the specific ab-initio calculations that detail the variations of perovskite BaZrO3 caused by in-plane strain. Specifically, the internal relaxation, which was not captured in the widely used biaxial strain... We present the specific ab-initio calculations that detail the variations of perovskite BaZrO3 caused by in-plane strain. Specifically, the internal relaxation, which was not captured in the widely used biaxial strain model, was included in a complementary manner to lattice relaxation. Density functional theory as well as a hybrid functional method based on a plane wave basis set was employed to calculate the lattice structure, elastic constants, electronic properties and optical properties of perovskite BaZrO3. The lattice parameter c exhibited a clear linear dependence on the imposed in-plane strain, but the Poisson's ratio caused by internal relaxation was smaller than the elastic deformation, indicating an "inelastic" or "plastic" relaxation manner caused by the introduction of internal relaxation. As a result, the related electronic and optical properties of perovskite BaZrO3 were also strongly affected by the in-plane strain, which revealed an effective way to adjust the properties of perovskite BaZrO3 via internal relaxation. 展开更多
关键词 thin films internal relaxation in-plane strain perovskite electronic band structure computer simulations optical properties
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A Review of Current Research and Advances in Unmanned Surface Vehicles 被引量:9
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作者 Xiangen Bai Bohan Li +1 位作者 Xiaofeng Xu Yingjie Xiao 《Journal of Marine Science and Application》 CSCD 2022年第2期47-58,共12页
Following developments in artificial intelligence and big data technology,the level of intelligence in intelligent vessels has been improved.Intelligent vessels are being developed into unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)... Following developments in artificial intelligence and big data technology,the level of intelligence in intelligent vessels has been improved.Intelligent vessels are being developed into unmanned surface vehicles(USVs),which have widely interested scholars in the shipping industry due to their safety,high efficiency,and energy-saving qualities.Considering the current development of USVs,the types of USVs and applications domestically and internationally are being investigated.USVs emerged with technological developments and their characteristics show some differences from traditional vessels,which brings some problems and advantages for their application.Certain maritime regulations are not applicable to USVs and must be changed.The key technologies in the current development of USVs are being investigated.While the level of intelligence is improving,the protection of cargo cannot be neglected.An innovative approach to the internal structure of USVs is proposed,where the inner hull can automatically recover its original state in case of outer hull tilting.Finally,we summarize the development status of USVs,which are an inevitable direction of development in the marine field. 展开更多
关键词 Unmanned surface vehicle Maritime supervision Intelligent vessel Ship automation level internal structure Shipping industry
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Theoretical calculation of tidal Love numbers of the Moon with a new spectral element method
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作者 BinBin Liao XiaoDong Chen +2 位作者 JianQiao Xu JiangCun Zhou HePing Sun 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2022年第3期241-247,共7页
The tidal Love numbers of the Moon are a set of nondimensional parameters that describe the deformation responses of the Moon to the tidal forces of external celestial bodies.They play an important role in the theoret... The tidal Love numbers of the Moon are a set of nondimensional parameters that describe the deformation responses of the Moon to the tidal forces of external celestial bodies.They play an important role in the theoretical calculation of the Moon’s tidal deformation and the inversion of its internal structure.In this study,we introduce the basic theory for the theoretical calculation of the tidal Love numbers and propose a new method of solving the tidal Love numbers:the spectral element method.Moreover,we explain the mathematical theory and advantages of this method.On the basis of this new method,using 10 published lunar internal structure reference models,the lunar surface and lunar internal tidal Love numbers were calculated,and the influence of different lunar models on the calculated Love numbers was analyzed.Results of the calculation showed that the difference in the second-degree lunar surface Love numbers among different lunar models was within 8.5%,the influence on the maximum vertical displacement on the lunar surface could reach±8.5 mm,and the influence on the maximum gravity change could reach±6μGal.Regarding the influence on the Love numbers inside the Moon,different lunar models had a greater impact on the Love numbers h_(2) and l_(2) than on k_(2) in the lower lunar mantle and core. 展开更多
关键词 lunar tidal Love numbers spectral element method solid lunar tides lunar internal structure reference models lunar tidal deformation theory
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Influence of reference states on Jupiter’s dynamo simulations
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作者 LongHui Yuan YuFeng Lin Chris AJones 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 CSCD 2021年第4期305-313,共9页
Jupiter’s magnetic field is thought to be generated in its deep metallic hydrogen region through dynamo action,yet the detailed dynamic process remains poorly understood.Numerical simulations have produced Jupiter-li... Jupiter’s magnetic field is thought to be generated in its deep metallic hydrogen region through dynamo action,yet the detailed dynamic process remains poorly understood.Numerical simulations have produced Jupiter-like magnetic fields,albeit using different control parameters and reference state models.In this study,we investigate the influence of different reference state models,based on ab initio calculations and based on the polytropic equation of state.In doing so,we perform five anelastic convection dynamo simulations that can be divided into two groups.In each group,different reference states are used while other control parameters and conditions are set to be identical.We find the reference state model can be very influential for the simulations in which buoyancy force is dominant over the Lorentz force.In this regime,different dynamical outcomes can be attributed to the effective buoyancy force resulting from different reference states.For simulations in which the Lorentz force is dominant over the buoyancy force,however,dynamo actions tend to be insensitive to different reference state models.If Jupiter’s dynamo is in a strong field regime,i.e.,the Lorentz force plays a dominant role,our numerical results suggest that Jupiter’s internal reference state,which remains poorly constrained,may play a minor role in the dynamo process of the planet. 展开更多
关键词 giant planets planetary dynamo Jupiter’s magnetic field internal structure
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The Structure of Employment and Internal Relations between Employees in Chinese Enterprises in a Developing Market Economy
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作者 冯同庆 许晓军 《Social Sciences in China》 1995年第1期40-49,222,共11页
关键词 The structure of Employment and internal Relations between Employees in Chinese Enterprises in a Developing Market Economy
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Efficient electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction to C_(2+)chemicals on internal porous copper
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作者 Sha Wang Jianling Zhang +7 位作者 Lei Yao Yisen Yang Lirong Zheng Bo Guan Yingzhe Zhao Yanyue Wang Buxing Han Xueqing Xing 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2023年第8期10779-10786,共8页
To improve the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into C_(2+)products(such as ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))and ethanol(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH),etc.)is of great importance,but remains challenging.Herein,we proposed a ... To improve the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into C_(2+)products(such as ethylene(C_(2)H_(4))and ethanol(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH),etc.)is of great importance,but remains challenging.Herein,we proposed a strategy that directs the C–C coupling pathway through enriching and confining the carbon monoxide(CO)intermediate to internal pores of Cu nanocubes,for electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2)into C_(2+)chemicals.In H-type cell,the Faraday efficiency(FE)for ethylene and ethanol reaches 70.3%at−1.28 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode(vs.RHE),with a current density of 47.9 mA·cm^(−2).In flow cell,the total current density is up to 340.3 mA·cm^(−2)at^(−2).38 V(vs.RHE)and the FE for C_(2+)products is 67.4%.Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that both the CO intermediate adsorption and C–C coupling reaction on such an internal porous catalyst are facilitated,thus improving CO_(2)-to-C_(2+)conversion efficiency. 展开更多
关键词 internal porous structure carbon dioxide(CO_(2))electroreduction C_(2+)products
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Research on transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry under the background of reducing capacity
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作者 SUN Gang 《International English Education Research》 2016年第6期56-58,共3页
In today's economic situation, overcapacity of Chinese traditional manufacturing industry poses a serious threat to sustaineck rapid and healthy development of economy. The primary reasons of excess capacity of Chine... In today's economic situation, overcapacity of Chinese traditional manufacturing industry poses a serious threat to sustaineck rapid and healthy development of economy. The primary reasons of excess capacity of Chinese traditional manufacturing industry are the discordant between consumption and investment, the irrational industrial structure, export is not ideal and other causes. Overcapacity of traditional manufacturing industry will lead to business failures, unemployment citizen, deflation, financial risk and other series consequences. We should learn from foreign experience in the processing of excess capacity of traditional manufacturing industry and deal with excess capacity of traditional manufacturing industry in different aspects, so as to ensure stable and healthy development of our country' s economy. 展开更多
关键词 OVERCAPACITY Industrial structure Investment and consumption: International experience
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