Internal dynamics of magma ocean and its linkage to atmospheres

Geological and astronomical observations on the‘‘lava world’’of the rocky planet,with additional theoretical interpretation of Moon’s crustal formation,bring up to the occurrence of the magma ocean and lava ponds,which inherits accretion energy of rocky planetesimal and evolves with subsequent energy releases.Hemispherical or global oceans of silicate melt could be a widespread lava phase after rocky planet accretion as well as large impact and could persist on planets on orbits around other stars for various time scales.The processes of magma ocean formation and solidification change the phases,cause element segregations,and strongly affect the earliest compositional differentiation and volatile content of the terrestrial planets.They form the starting point for cooling to mildly habitable conditions and for the onset of thermally driven solid-state mantle convection.The formation and crystallization of magma oceans also influence the assembly of a core,the origin of a crust,initiation of tectonics,and formation of an atmosphere.It is inevitable to investigate the magma ocean dynamics of such an early period of Earth evolution.This review focuses on the internal dynamics of magma oceans after planetesimal accretion and planetary formation including turbulence,particle motion,and solid-state convection,which determine the associated processes of cooling,crystallization,and convection of magma ocean.Geochemical differentiation is discussed correspondingly.The thermodynamics of equilibration between a magma ocean and an overlying,outgassed atmosphere is also discussed,highlighting the need for more data on volatile solubility in silicate melts.The effect of coupling between magma ocean and solid-state mantle convection is also discussed.

Multi-Stage Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Method for Enhancing Complete Artillery Internal Ballistic Firing Performance

To enhance the comprehensive performance of artillery internal ballistics—encompassing power,accuracy,and service life—this study proposed a multi-stage multidisciplinary design optimization(MS-MDO)method.First,the comprehensive artillery internal ballistic dynamics(AIBD)model,based on propellant combustion,rotation band engraving,projectile axial motion,and rifling wear models,was established and validated.This model was systematically decomposed into subsystems from a system engineering perspective.The study then detailed the MS-MDO methodology,which included Stage I(MDO stage)employing an improved collaborative optimization method for consistent design variables,and Stage II(Performance Optimization)focusing on the independent optimization of local design variables and performance metrics.The methodology was applied to the AIBD problem.Results demonstrated that the MS-MDO method in Stage I effectively reduced iteration and evaluation counts,thereby accelerating system-level convergence.Meanwhile,Stage II optimization markedly enhanced overall performance.These comprehensive evaluation results affirmed the effectiveness of the MS-MDO method.

DYNAMICS MODEL AND SIMULATION OF FLAT VALVE SYSTEM OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION WATER PUMP

The dynamics differential equations are constructed, and the initial conditions are also given. Simulation shows the following conclusions： The water pressure in cylinder has great instantaneous pulsation and phase step when outlet valve or inlet valve opens, but is more gently in other time; The volume efficiency is influenced by the output pressure slightly, and decreases as the working rotational speed increases; When the inherent frequency of the valves is integer multiple of the working frequency, the volume efficiency of system will decrease evidently.

Interpreting the dynamic effect of internal heat integration on reactive distillation columns

In this work,the impact of internal heat integration upon process dynamics and controllability by superposing reactive section onto stripping section,relocating feed locations,and redistributing catalyst within the reactive section is explored based on a hypothetical ideal reactive distillation system containing an exothermic reaction:A + BC + D.Steady state operation analysis and closed-loop controllability evaluation are carried out by comparing the process designs with and without the consideration of internal heat integration.For superposing reactive section onto stripping section,favorable effect is aroused due to its low sensitivities to the changes in operating condition.For ascending the lower feed stage,somewhat detrimental effect occurs because of the accompanied adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For descending the upper feed stage,serious detrimental effect happens because of the introduced adverse internal heat integration and strong sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.For redistributing catalyst in the reactive section,fairly small negative influence is aroused by the sensitivity to the changes in operating condition.When reinforcing internal heat integration with a combinatorial use of these three strategies,the decent of the upper feed stage should be avoided in process development.Although the conclusions are derived based on the hypothetical ideal reactive distillation column studied,they are considered to be of general significance to the design and operation of other reactive distillation columns.

Dynamic external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for Pilon reactures

Objective To evaluate effects of manipulative reduction,dynamic external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of Pilon fractures.Methods From January 2007 to June 2009,manipulative reduction,dynamic external

Output-feedback Dynamic Surface Control for a Class of Nonlinear Non-minimum Phase Systems

In this paper, an output-feedback tracking controller is proposed for a class of nonlinear non-minimum phase systems.To keep the unstable internal dynamics bounded, the method of output redefinition is applied to let the stability of the internal dynamics depend on that of redefined output, thus we only need to consider the new external dynamics rather than internal dynamics in the process of designing control law. To overcome the explosion of complexity problem in traditional backstepping design, the dynamic surface control(DSC) method is firstly used to deal with the problem of tracking control for the nonlinear non-minimum phase systems. The proposed outputfeedback DSC controller not only forces the system output to asymptotically track the desired trajectory, but also drives the unstable internal dynamics to follow its corresponding bounded and causal ideal internal dynamics, which is solved via stable system center method. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed output-feedback DSC controller.

Opening Address to the 1987 International Conference of the System Dynamics Society

1987年国际系统动力学会议于今年6月9日至12日在上海召开。同时,会议收到的各国学者的64篇论文也在我院汇篇成论文集。现选择其中有代表性的6篇在本刊发表,本期刊登的是:国务院发展研究中心总干事、我国著名社会经济学家马洪教授的开幕词;国际系统动力学创始人、美国MIT教授Jay.W.Forrester的“系统动力学在城市与区域发展分析上的应用”;国际系统动力学协会政策委员会委员、全国系统动力学学术委员会筹委会主任、本院王其藩教授的“系统动力学的哲学观和基本理论”。

International Conference on Land Use / Cover Change Dynamics

Organized by: Beijing Normal University, National Natural Science Foundation of China Hosted by: Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of ChinaTopics:1) Detecting and monitoring LUCC2) Temporal-spatial characteristics in LUCC3) Driving model for LUCC4) Forecasting and modeling LUCC 5) Phenological and biochemical response on LUCC6) Regional LUCC and microclimate 7) LUCC in the context of global change8) Impact of global change on the sustainable land-use modelingAbstract submission: The official language of this conference is English. We invite papers written in English and an abstract of less than one page of standard A4 size to the Conference Secretariat by Apr 15, 2001. Registration Fee: 280 US$ (300 US$ after July 15, 2001)Add：No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, 100875, Institute of Resources Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaTel：86-10-62207656 or 62209024 Fax：010-62208178http:// 202.112.93.50/LUCCD2001/index.htmlE-mail: Pwang@bnu.edu.cn Cyh@bnu.edu.

The Research Mode Concerning with Chinese Enterprises Dynamic Strategic Alliances and Risk Defenses

China enterprises should develop dynamic strategic alliances if they want to participate in global contests and share strategic targets of global resources. The effective risk defenses system must be set up to make dynamic strategic alliances run successfully. This paper puts forward a mode of risk defenses internal system through analyzing the facts of China enterprises dynamic strategic alliances＇ creative models.

Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998

The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer Monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics.

Research advances on internal processes affecting tropical cyclone intensity change from 2018–2022

This contribution summarizes the significant progress in a variety of topic areas related to internal tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change processes over 2018–2022 from the WMO Tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10).These topic areas include surface and boundary layer processes;TC internal structure and microphysical processes;and,radiation interactions with TCs.Recent studies better frame the uncertainty in the surface drag and enthalpy coefficients at high wind speeds.These parameters greatly impact TC intensity and it is therefore important that more direct measurements of these boundary layer parameters are made.Particularly significant scientific strides have been made in TC boundary layers.These advancements have been achieved through improved coupled models,large-eddy simulations,theoretical advance-ments,and detailed observations.It is now clear that the research field needs to better represent the eddy viscosity throughout the depth of the boundary layer.Furthermore,detailed study of coherent structures in TC boundary layers will likely be a propitious direction for the research community.Meanwhile,in-depth observational field campaigns and assiduous data analysis have made significant headway into verifying theory and modeling studies of intensification processes related to TC vortex alignment,efficient latent heating distributions,and overall 3D structure.Substantial efforts have also been made to better understand the intricate roles radiative processes play in TC evolution and intensity change.Finally,some promising progress has been made in the development of time-dependent theories of TC intensification and the predictability of internal TC intensity change.Overall,there have been well-earned gains in the understanding of intensity change processes intrinsic to the TC system,but the journey is not complete.This paper highlights some of the most relevant and important research areas that are still shedding new light into internal factors governing TC intensity change.

MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF THE SELF-ORGANIZATION OF DISLOCATIONS AND RELATED CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS

The effects of the dislocation pattern formed due to the self-organization of the dislocations in crystals on the macroscopic hardening and dynamic internal friction (DIF) during deformation are studied. The classic dislocation models for the hardening and DIF corresponding to the homogeneous dislocation configuration are extended to the case for the non-homogeneous one. In addition, using the result of dislocation patterning deduced from the non-linear dlislocation dynamics model for single slip, the correlation between the dislocation pattern and hardening as well as DIF is obtained. It is shown that in the case of the tension with a constant strain rate, the bifurcation point of dislocation patterning corresponds to the turning point in the stress versus strain and DIF versus strain curves. This result along with the critical characteristics of the macroscopic behavior near the bifurcation point is microscopically and macroscopically in agreement with the experimental findings on mono-crystalline pure aluminum at temperatures around 0.5T(m). The present study suggests that measuring the DIF would be a sensitive and useful mechanical means in order to study the critical phenomenon of materials during deformation.

The Dynamics Characteristics of Flexible Spacecraft and Its Closed-Loop Stability with Passive Control

Passive control is the most popular methodology for flexible spacecraft while it remains an open problem whether the closed-loop performance can be achieved only with passive control subject to the coupling modes of rigid and flexibility.Also,the closed-loop performance of passive PD control based on the dynamics of the Euler angle parameterization of spacecraft,which has been widely used in practice,is yet to be addressed.Towards these challenges,by introducing the input-output exact linearization theory and Lyapunov theory,the authors show that the closed-loop performance for flexible spacecraft with rigid and flexible modes can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the passive controllers sufficiently large.This is done by firstly transforming the flexible spacecraft dynamics into an exact feedback linearization standard form,and then analyzing the closed-loop performance of flexible spacecraft.

A semiclassical molecular dynamics of the photochromic ring-opening reaction of spiropyran

The photochromic ring-opening reaction of spiropyran（SP） has been investigated by a realistic semiclassical dynamics simulation,accompanied by SA3-CASSCF（12 10）/MS-CASPT2 potential energy curves（PECs） of S0–S2.The main simulation results show the dominate pathway corresponds to the ringopening process of trans-SP to form the most stable merocyanine（MC） product.These findings provide more important complementarity for interpreting experimental observations.

Nonlinear Feedforward and Feedback Control Design for Autonomous Underwater Glider

Underwater gliders are highly efficient,buoyancy-driven,and winged autonomous underwater vehicles.Their dynamics are multivariable nonlinear systems with unstable internal dynamics and thus their motion control is a significant challenge.To improve the inherent efficiency and enhance the behavior of the underwater glider over a wide operating regime,a nonlinear feedforward and feedback controller was developed.The nonlinear feedforward control design is based on a new stable inversion technique which determines a causal and bounded solution for the unstable internal dynamics.The feedback control law was designed by a quadratic optimal control method.Simulation results show that the derived control system is able to deal with nonminimum phase system and successfully achieves the tracking of planned output trajectories from initial to final conditions.Furthermore,the control effort is very low,which means the glider with limited power storage has longer range and higher endurance.

Investors Thinking and Stock Price Excess Volatility

This paper presents a simplified dynamic model to explore the dynamic mechanism inexcess volatility of stock prices. We attempt to show how investors thinking work for explaining theobservable features of stock market Prices.

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope using differential geometry decoupling method

Precise control of a magnetically suspended double-gimbal control moment gyroscope （MSDGCMG） is of vital importance and challenge to the attitude positioning of spacecraft owing to its multivariable, nonlinear and strong coupled properties. This paper proposes a novel linearization and decoupling method based on differential geometry theory and combines it with the internal model controller （IMC） to guarantee the system robustness to the external disturbance and parameter uncertainty. Furthermore, by introducing the dynamic compensation for the inner-gimbal rate-servo system and the magnetically suspended rotor （MSR） system only, we can eliminate the influence of the unmodeled dynamics to the decoupling control accuracy as well as save costs and inhibit noises effectively. The simulation results verify the nice decoupling and robustness performance of the system using the proposed method.