Phylogeny of Ptychostomum (Bryaceae,Musci) inferred from sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast rps4

The phylogeny of Ptychostomum was first spacer （ITS） region of the nuclear ribosomal （nr） DNA DNA rps4 sequences. Maximum parsimony, maximum undertaken based on analysis of the internal transcribed and by combining data from nrDNA ITS and chloroplast likelihood, and Bayesian analyses all support the conclusion that the reinstated genus Ptychostomum is not monophyletic. Ptychostomum funkii （Schwagr.） J. R. Spence （≡ Bryum funkii Schwaigr.） is placed within a clade containing the type species of Bryum, B. argenteum Hedw. The remaining members of Ptychostomum investigated in the present study constitute another well-supported clade. The results are congruent with previous molecular analyses. On the basis of phylogenetic evidence, we agree with transferring B. amblyodon Mull. Hal. （≡ B. inclinatum （Brid.） Turton≡ Bryum archangelicum Bruch ＆ Schimp.）, Bryum lonchocaulon Mull. Hal., Bryum pallescens Schleich. ex Schwaigr., and Bryum pallens Sw. to Ptychostomum.

Application of the first internal transcribed spacer(ITS-1)of ribosomal DNA as a molecular marker to population analysis in farrer's scallop Chlamys farreri

Sequence variation of the first internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA （ ITS - 1 ） was examined and its application to the study of genetic variation was explored in four populations of farter＇ s scallop Chlamys farreri. ITS - 1 fragments, with a length of about 300 bp,of 78 individuals collected from Dalian, Qingdao, Yantai in China and Korea respectively were amplified via PCR, cloned and sequenced. Intra-genomic variation was examined by sequencing several clones of single individuals. Alignment and polymorphism analysis detected 44 haplotypes and 50 polymorphic sites which consist of 30 substitutions and 20 indels, indicating a high level of polymorphisms. Sequence analysis also showed a very low level of intra-individual variation. All these features validated the feasibility of application of ITS - 1 fragment to population analysis. Polymorphism analysis showed that the Korea sample has the richest genetic variation, followed by Yantai and Qingdao samples. AMOVA （analysis of molecular variance） showed that the majority （96.26%） of genetic variation was distributed within populations and 3.74% resulted from among populations, but with P 〈 0.05 （ = 0.042）, indicating that the populations in this study have significant divergence. This output was basically concordant with the result arising from RAPD data and different from that from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence data. Discussion on this inconsistency was made accordingly.

Characterization of Fusarium Oxysporum Isolates Obtained from Wax Gourd and Chieh-qua in China by Pathogenicity, RAMs and Sequence Analysis of the rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS1 and ITS2)

Wax gourd (Benincasa hispida Thumb. Cogn) is called white gourd, winter melon, Chinese preserving melon, Chinese squash, and don kwa. It has been cultivated in China for over 2 300 years. It probably

DNA Barcoding of <i>Ricinus communis</i>from Different Geographical Origin by Using Chloroplast <i>matK</i>and Internal Transcribed Spacers

Ricinus communis have attracted considerable attention because of its specific industrial and pharmacological activities. DNA barcodes can be used as reliable tools to facilitate the identification of medicinal plants for the safe use, quality control and forensic investigation. In this study, the differential identification of eight accessions of R. com-munis was investigated through DNA sequence analysis of two candidate DNA barcodes. The nucleotide sequence of internal transcribed spacers (ITS2) and chloroplast maturase gene (matK) have been determined to construct the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic relationships of accessions based on the nrITS2 region and partial matK region showed that all accessions in this study were related to three geographical origins. Based on sequence align-ment and phylogenetic analyses we concluded that the ITS2 sequences can distinguish R. communis accessions from different geographical distributions.

Complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence amplification and molecular analyses of Bangia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from China

Filamentous Bangia,which are distributed extensively throughout the world,have simple and similar morphological characteristics.Scientists can classify these organisms using molecular markers in combination with morphology.We successfully sequenced the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA.approximately 13 kb in length,from a marine Bangia population.We further analyzed the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene(nrSSU) and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) sequence regions along with nine other marine,and two freshwater Bangia samples from China.Pairwise distances of the nrSSU and 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene sequences show the marine samples grouping together with low divergences(0-0.003;0-0.006,respectively) from each other,but high divergences(0.123-0.126;0.198,respectively) from freshwater samples.An exception is the marine sample collected from Weihai,which shows high divergence from both other marine samples(0.063-0.065;0.129,respectively) and the freshwater samples(0.097;0.120,respectively).A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a combined SSU-ITS dataset with maximum likelihood method shows the samples divided into three clades,with the two marine sample clades containing Bangia spp.from North America,Europe,Asia,and Australia;and one freshwater clade,containing Bangia atropurpurea from North America and China.

基于SCAR标记和DNA条形码技术的苍术基原鉴别研究

目的开发出能同时鉴别北苍术和关苍术的分子标记方法,并探究不同种质资源苍术的遗传进化关系。方法对不同地区北苍术Atractylodes chinensis(Bunge)Koidz及关苍术A.japonica Koidz.ex Kitam基因组DNA的差异片段进行测序,结合SRAP、ISSR、DAMD分子标记方法,优化PCR反应体系,筛选并转换成特异性标记,同时,采用条形码方法分析种间序列差异。结果通过SRAP、ISSR、DAMD三种分子标记方法的PCR扩增,共筛选出198对能稳定扩增且重现性好的引物,转换出7对能稳定、快速鉴别北苍术和关苍术的SCAR引物。条形码方法检测出北苍术ITS2序列长度为454 bp,关苍术ITS2序列长度为453 bp,与其他苍术属植物之间遗传距离较远。NJ树结果显示,北苍术、关苍术及其他苍术属植物均各自聚为一支,表现出良好的单系性。依据ITS2二级结构,4种苍术属植物在螺旋区的茎环数目、大小、位置均有明显差异,可以直观地进行区分。结论所开发的特异性SCAR标记为苍术属植物优良品种的筛选提供了新方法,DNA条形码能稳定、准确鉴别北苍术。

中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊rDNA内转录间隔2区序列差异

目的：比较中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊核糖体ＤＮＡ（ｒＤＮＡ）内转录间隔２区（ＩＴＳ２）序列差异。方法：通过对ＰＣＲ扩增的ｒＤＮＡＩＴＳ２片段进行克隆测序，每种蚊测定３个克隆片段序列，比较其差异。结果：中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的ｒＤＮＡＩＴＳ２序列长度分别为４６８和４５２ｂｐ，ＧＣ含量分别为４４．８７％和４９．１２％，两者序列差异为２８．８％。

真菌rDNA的特点及在外生菌根菌鉴定中的应用

核糖体DNA(rDNA)是真菌基因组中的一类中度或高度重复序列,每一重复单位包括高度保守、中度保守和不保守三类区段,在真菌的系统发育分析和分类鉴定中,rDNA是很重要的靶序列。本文主要评述了真菌rDNA的结构特点及应用,特别是内转录间隔区(ITS)在外生菌根菌鉴定上的应用,并对一些名词概念进行了讨论。

Internal transcribed spacer guided multiplex PCR for species identification of Convolvulus prostratus and Evolvulus alsinoides

Shankhpushpi is a reputed drug from an Indian system of medicine for treating mental disorders and enhancing memory. Two herbs, namely Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. and Evolvulus alsinoides(L.) L., are commonly known as Shankhpushpi. Ambiguous vernacular identity can affect the scientific validity of the Shankpushpi-based herbal drug therapy. In the present investigation, a novel and sensitive multiplex PCR method based on polymorphism in the internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region was developed to establish the molecular identity of C. prostratus and E. alsinoides. DNA was isolated and the ITS region was amplified, sequenced and assembled. Sequences were aligned to identify variable nucleotides in order to develop plant-specific primers. Primers were validated in singleplex reactions and eventually a multiplex assay was developed. This assay was tested for sensitivity and validated by amplifying DNA isolated from the simulated blended powdered plant material. Primers developed for C. prostratus resulted into a 200 bp amplicon and 596 bp for E. alsinoides. The assay was found to be sensitive enough for amplification of low quantities of DNA. The method can detect 10% of the mixing of plants with each other in blended material. This PCR assay can be used for rapid botanical identification of Shankhpushpi plant materials and will improve evidence-based herbal drug therapy.

黑龙江省扶余市麦穗鱼舌状绦虫裂头蚴的分子鉴定和系统发育分析

为鉴定从黑龙江省扶余市麦穗鱼腹腔内收集的绦虫裂头蚴的种类,本试验采用PCR方法分别对其核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)和线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因进行扩增和序列测定。运用DNASTAR软件的MegAlign程序分析核苷酸同源性,采用邻接法构建基于ITS和COⅠ基因序列的系统进化树,以此分析分离虫株种内与种间的系统发育关系。结果显示,各分离虫株的ITS1和ITS2基因与舌状绦虫(AY121751)的核苷酸序列同源性最高,分别为98.8%~100%和99.6%~99.7%;各分离虫株的COⅠ基因与肠舌状绦虫(EU241273)的核苷酸序列同源性最高,为91.2%~94.7%。基于ITS序列构建的系统进化树显示,舌状绦虫和双线绦虫的ITS序列具有高度的保守性,ITS区域可能不适宜作为区分舌状绦虫属内部种类的可靠分子标记。基于COⅠ基因构建的系统进化树显示,分离虫株与土耳其、俄罗斯和欧洲的肠舌状绦虫分离株进化关系最近。根据序列同源性和COⅠ基因进化树结果,初步将本试验所分离虫株鉴定为肠舌状绦虫。结果表明,COⅠ基因更适合于舌状绦虫属种类的鉴别。本试验为舌状绦虫的分子流行病学调查提供了参考。

基于rDNA ITS序列分析的桑黄真菌菌株分子鉴定

对6份桑黄真菌菌株的rDNA ITS区段进行克隆测序和序列特征比较分析,并与GenBank中获得的桑黄基源物种相关序列进行同源性比对,进一步将从GenBank检索获得的桑黄基源物种的ITS序列、复合外组ITS序列连同6份桑黄菌ITS序列一起作系统发育分析。结果表明:Sh-03、04、05、06与Phellinus linteus亲缘关系最近,Sh-01与Phellinus baumii亲缘关系最近,Sh-02与Phellinus baumii、Phellinus linteus、Phellinus igniarius的亲缘关系相差甚远,为一错误菌种。本实验的研究结果可以提供一种准确可靠且简单易行的桑黄真菌分子鉴定技术。

巴戟天与常见混伪品的rDNA-ITS序列分析及其分子鉴定

目的比较巴戟天与常见混伪品之间的rDNA-ITS碱基序列的差异及其规律,同时为巴戟天及混伪品的指纹图谱鉴别提供分子标记.方法对巴戟天及其常见混伪品的rDNA-ITS进行了PCR扩增、测序,并运用CLUSTAL X、MEGA软件对该区进行序列分析.结果测定了巴戟天及其混伪品的rDNA-ITS区序列,包括ITS1、5.8S和ITS2全长序列以及18S、26S部分序列.巴戟天与假巴戟天、羊角藤在ITS1和ITS2区的差异性分别为2.9%～5.8%和2.9%～4.2%,而与虎刺在ITS1和ITS2区的差异性则为21.2%和18.9%.根据ITS序列特征构建的系统树,混伪品假巴戟天与羊角藤首先聚类,然后与巴戟天聚在一起,而虎刺则单独聚为一支.结论rDNA-ITS序列可作为巴戟天与混伪品的一种较好的分子指纹图谱的标记方法.

核糖体DNA的内转录间隔区序列标记在真菌分类鉴定中的应用

传统的真菌分类主要根据真菌菌株的形态特征、生长特性与生理生化指标进行,而分子生物学技术的发展提升了真菌分类鉴定研究的手段。真菌核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)在进化上比编码区快,种内的不同菌株之间高度保守,但在种间变化极大,故可为真菌学的研究提供丰富的遗传信息。简要综述了ITS序列分析技术在真菌分类鉴定中的应用现状、相关问题及前景。

微小按蚊rDNA内转录间隔2区序列差异

目的 :比较不同地株微小按蚊核糖体DNA(rDNA)内转录间隔 2区 (ITS2 )序列差异。方法 :通过对PCR扩增rDNAITS2片段测序 ,比较其不同地株差异。结果 :对 6株微小按蚊测序比较 ,存在有微小按蚊A和C型。结论 :rDNAITS2序列差异可用于建立A。

几种帘形目贝类rDNA ITS序列的比较

扩增并测序了4种帘形目和1种蚶目贝类（外群）核糖体DNA的转录间隔区（ITS）序列。帘形目贝类序列长度在874bp到1466bp之间,GC含量在62%到67%之间,ITS序列在相近的3种帘蛤科贝类之间表现出长度保守性和碱基组成的相似性。采用ITS1,ITS2,以及ITS1与ITS2的连接序列进行聚类,结果表明：2种蛤仔聚为一枝,表现出较近的亲缘关系,帘蛤科的3种贝类聚在一起,再与同属帘形目的缢蛏相聚。研究的结果揭示了帘形目贝类的系统发生关系。

应用rDNA ITS2区段基因序列分析对浙江省传疟媒介的鉴定

目的对浙江省传疟媒介种类进行鉴定,以指导疟疾防治工作。方法针对媒介按蚊核糖体核酸内转录间隔2(rDNAITS2)区段基因特征,应用PCR基因鉴别技术,对浙江省现场捕捉的按蚊与嗜人按蚊、八代按蚊、中华按蚊、雷氏按蚊实验室标本进行基因鉴别和比较。结果浙江省现场捕捉的按蚊DNA样本的PCR扩增产物均为250bp,与实验室中华按蚊标本一致。结论中华按蚊目前仍是浙江省的主要传疟媒介,现场调查未发现嗜人按蚊。

rDNA-ITS2应用于赤眼蜂分子鉴定的研究

本研究通过对拟澳洲赤眼蜂 Trichogramma confusum、甘蓝夜蛾赤眼蜂 T. brassicae、广赤眼蜂 T.evanescens、食胚赤眼蜂 T. embryophagum,及松毛虫赤眼蜂 T. dendrolimi的 6个地理种群的 r DNA- ITS2进行克隆测序 ,又运用软件 DNAStar的 Meg Align程序对不同赤眼蜂属间、赤眼蜂属种间、同种不同地理种群之间以及同一赤眼蜂个体不同拷贝之间的 ITS2序列的遗传分歧及相似性进行了分析。结果表明 :赤眼蜂属与外群 ITS2序列的遗传相似性很低、赤眼蜂属内不同种之间 ITS2序列保守性适中、种内或不同地理种群之间以及同一个体不同 ITS2拷贝间非常保守。说明

毒麦属6个种的rDNA ITS序列测定及分析

提取毒麦属6个种的样品DNA,分别采用PCR产物直接测序和克隆测序2种方法,对毒麦属6个种rDNA的ITS区(包括ITS-1,5.8SrDNA和ITS-2)进行序列测定.结果表明,毒麦属植物ITS序列总长度约为647bp,其中ITS-1,5.8SrDNA和ITS-2分别有16、7和7个变异位点.采用NJ法建立的系统发育树与形态学分类基本相符.

利用核核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)探讨广义羽藓科系统发育

利用核核糖体DNAITS序列 ,探讨了苔藓植物广义羽藓科的系统发育 ,摸索出适于扩增ITS片段的最适反应条件。实验共得到广义羽藓科 6个种的ITS序列 ,它们分别是 :Abieti nellaabietina (AJ4 174 94 ) ,Anomodonminor (AJ344 14 5 ) ,Claopodiumaciculum (AJ315 96 8) ,Thuidiumpristocalyx (AJ4 16 443) ,Thuidiumassimile (AJ4 16 442 ) ,Herpetineurontoccoae(AJ315 96 7) ,其中后 5个种是国际上首次得到的。本文利用ITS序列构建羽藓科 7属、 11种植物的系统发育树 ,据Bootstrap严格一致树表明 :广义的羽藓科为并系发育 ,可分为两个主要的分支 ,牛舌藓属Anomodon ,羊角藓属Herpetineuron和多枝藓属Haplohymenium等为一支 ,而山羽藓属Abietinella ,羽藓属Thuidium ,沼羽藓属Helodium和麻羽藓属Claopodium等为另一主要分支 ,从分子水平上支持了据形态特征把原牛舌藓亚科的牛舌藓属 ,羊角藓属 ,多枝藓属提升为牛舌藓科的结论。

一例并殖吸虫病患者的虫卵DNA序列分析鉴定(英文)

[目的 ]运用分子生物学技术分析虫卵基因序列鉴定并殖吸虫病类型。 [方法 ]先从并殖吸虫病患者痰中分离出虫卵 ,然后PCR扩增出虫卵中完整的核糖体DNA第二间隔区基因 (ITS2 ) ,并直接用于测序从而获得该基因的核苷酸序列。同时 ,亦用同法分别从动物宿主粪便中分离出的卫氏并殖吸虫和斯氏狸殖吸虫虫卵中获得ITS2基因序列作为DNA参照分析。此外 ,本文也对从患者痰中分离出的虫卵进行详细的形态学特征描述分析。 [结果 ]来自患者的虫卵ITS2基因序列与参照的卫氏并殖吸虫虫卵的基因序列 10 0 %一致 ,而与来自斯氏狸殖吸虫虫卵的基因序列只有 92 %核苷酸相同。此外 ,从形态学上讲 ,来自患者的虫卵形态特征更与卫氏并殖吸虫虫卵相似。 [结论 ]通过基因序列分析 ,可确诊患者所患的是卫氏并殖吸虫病。