INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE- SAFETY SCIENCE IN CHINA

Ⅰ. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FACILITATES CHINESE FIRE-SAFETY SCIENCE TO TAKE SHAPE,DEVELOP AND REACH THE WORLD STANDARD Fire-safety science mainly studies the mechanism and rules of the occurrence, development and prevention of fire disasters.It is a new research area and academic subject which is developing at the intersection point of technological sciences,basic natural sciences and

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IS A REWARDING ROUTE FOR HI-TECH DEVELOPMENT

The CAS Institute of Modern Physics is a center of pure basic research concerning nuclear physics, accelerator physics and related technology. In recent years, it succeeded in the construction of China’s first production line for manufacturing radiation-crosslinked (RC) wire and cable with the aid of international cooperation,achieving rewarding benefits from it.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROMOTES HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS' DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA——A talk at the 17th International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP'95)

This article first presents an overview of the Internationa] Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP’95) and briefly introduce Chinese research achievements in the discipline. It highlights the necessity and importance of international cooperation in the HEP community of the world.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE COOPERATION OF CHINA

Mr. Chairman, distinguished colleagues and guests, ladies and gentlemen, It is a great pleasure, also a privilege for me to address this august body which is a high-level gathering attended by top experts of the world and practitioners with authority in management, operational, business matters in both air and space utilization and their legal aspects. Your presence will undoubtedly increase the brilliance of

Strengthening International Cooperation, Working for World Human Rights Development——Speech at the opening ceremony of the 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium, July 13, 2014

The 12th Sino-German Human Rights Symposium opened today in Beijing. On behalf of the State Council Information Office, I would like to express my warmest con- gratulations on the opening of the forum, extend my welcome to Ms. Herta Daeubler-Gmelin and other German friends and my gratitude to symposium organizers and all participants for your long-term contribution to communication and exchange in human rights between China and Germany.

Developing International Economic and Technological Cooperation in Zhe Jiang

Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,advancedscience and technology and ample supply of high-quality labourforce benefit itselt involving in foreign project contracting,labour export and overseas investment.Since 1979,Zhejianghas accepted more than ten foreign projects worth US$300million and supplied labour service to 40 countries。

Southwest China and Southeast Asia: towards sustainability through cooperative development and management of international rivers

The western part of China borders on South and Southeast Asia. Of the numerous well known international rivers sharing with the two regions, the Lancang Mekong River has been most extensively studied in the world for its important strategic position, rich resources, prosperous potential market as well as considerable opportunities for investment and development. The sustainable multipurpose development in this area has increasingly become the focus of international regional cooperation, and great attention has been paid to this area by the international society. Up to now, at least 10 major actions in the international regional cooperation are expected in this area. This paper intends, at the angle of geography and with the overall target of promoting the sustainable development in the basin through international cooperations, to study the international position, the potential and the prospects for development of the Lancang Mekong River, to analyze the main problems in this international cooperation, to propose targets and prospects for such cooperation, and to indicate the way for geographers to participate in such research.

To establish CMOC China as an important component of marine data and service international cooperation in China

JCOMM has strategy to establish the network of WMO-IOC Centres for Marine-meteorological and Oceanographic Climate Data （CMOCs） under the new Marine Climate Data System （MCDS） in 2012 for improving the quality and timeliness of the marine-meteorological and oceanographic data, metadata and products available to end users. China as a candidate of CMOC China has been approved to run on a trial basis after the 4th Meeting of the Joint IOC/WMO Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology （JCOMM）. This article states the developing intention of CMOC China in the next few years through the brief introduction to critical marine data, products and service system and cooperation projects in the world.

International carbon markets under the Paris Agreement:Basic form and development prospects

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement introduces two international carbon markets that receive extensive attention and are expected to play an important role in the post-2020 climate regime.Three key elements of the two international carbon markets,including the scope,the types of tradable units and the governance,are identified,as the basis to clarify their basic forms.Based on the key issues and their different designs identified in negotiations,this study analyzes the contributions and challenges for China to participate in international carbon markets.Considering the inherent needs of climate change mitigation,climate finance,the development of a green"Belt and Road"and the China South-South cooperation in climate change,along with the existing domestic capacities on market mechanisms,this study puts forward the short-,medium-and long-term development prospects of the two international carbon markets.

Foreign Cooperation and Development Trends of the Russian Petroleum Industry and Prospects of Sino-Russian Cooperation in Oil and Gas

This article is focused on the analysis of the international cooperation of the Russian petroleum industry and its development trend. Also discussed here are the patterns that the foreign oil companies used in acquiring Russian petroleum assets, and the cooperation models of petroleum exploration and production in Russia. The Russian government encourages foreign oil companies to establish strategic alliances with domestic companies that keep good relations with the government. To achieve this goal, the government provides foreign companies with the space for cooperation in such aspects as advanced technology and management culture. International cooperation in petroleum industry will be further developed under the macro-control of the Russia State energy strategy. The energy cooperation between China and Russia will enter a new phase full of hopes and challenges after the past unfavorable situation is gradually overcome.

Bargaining strategy of oil companies in international oil and gas development Projects-Based on a bilateral bargaining model

Bargaining between the host country and oil companies is very common to international oil and gas development projects.The existence of information asymmetry gives the host country an endogenous bargaining advantage.Foreign oil companies might change their unfavorable negotiating position by changing the order of bidding and adjusting bidding strategies.This paper introduces both factors into a bilateral bargaining model to study the impact of information asymmetry and bidding order on the strategy and equilibrium returns of oil companies.According to the ownership of the right to bid first,two scenarios are designed for the model to compare the equilibrium returns of the host country and oil companies.The results show that:1)There is a first-mover advantage in the process of bilateral bidding,so oil companies better bid first;2)The information asymmetry will lead to a higher nominal income ratio of oil companies and a lower nominal income ratio of the host country,but it doesn’t affect the total income ratio at all.

China: International Cooperation in Environmental Protection

The paper deals with China’s involvement in the process of international environmental protection. The cooperation between China and international environmental organizations is analyzed. This article stresses on such issues as China’s cooperation with United Nations Environment Program, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, China-Europe and China-Africa Cooperation. The key spheres of China’s activity in international environmental protection are examined in this paper. Thus, Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection and believes that environmental protection will have a direct impact on the overall situation of China’s modernization drive and its long-term development. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a wide range of measures to strengthen environmental protection.

The Core Issue Facing the Green and Low Carbon Development of the Chinese Economy and the Countermeasures

Green development is an important concept based on China's needs and the international situation. Green development will greatly help China choose its path for economic growth. In the newly ratified Paris Agreement, the carbon emission reduction target willingly and determinedly proposed by China is very challenging. It will increase China's cost per unit of carbon dioxide emissions, slow China's economy growth, and set the upper limit for China's carbon emissions in the future. Facing these challenges, China needs to properly conduct carbon allocations under restrictions and promote green and low carbon development of the Chinese economy primarily by reinforcing structural adjustments and optimizing energy structures, upgrading industrial structures, being actively involved in international cooperation on carbon emission reduction and using other positive strategies.

Essence and resolution of international climate negotiation

In essence, international climate negotiation is a serious and responsible global effort, despite various conflicts, to establish a rational international climate regime. In essence, tackling climate changes is leading the globe to actualize sustainable development of all humankind along the low-carbon, green, and cyclic-development path. Thus, climate negotiation should be driving all parties to achieve a global climate regime arrangement in a constructive way. Therefore, this paper suggests focusing on the following three major recommendations: early developed countries take the lead in committing positively to absolute emission reduction; the developing countries contribute according to their abilities and stages of development; the developed countries perform real deeds using their funds and technology. Based on substantial breakthrough that would be made, progressive supplement and improvement could be accomplished through the mechanism of review and adjustment under the Convention framework. This path represents a combination of bottom-up and top-down. The ultimate way out of international climate negotiation lies in win-win cooperation. Profound reasons for China to participate proactively and practically in international climate negotiation,based on its actual conditions, are the internal wants and needs of its scientific and sustainable development, as well as the undertaking of international responsibilities as a responsible, large, developing country.

What’s New in Germany’s Cooperation with Africa?

Germany has gradually increased its investment in Africa.In addition to promoting traditional economic and trade cooperation,Germany has paid more attention to security issues in Africa and to improved cooperation in defense,immigration and counter-terrorism.As Germany explores new models of development aid and encourages renewable energy and environmental protection in African countries,German capability and willingness to cooperate with African nations are on the rise.While Germany welcomes the African consumer market,historic problems centering on value differences and the European Union’s diplomatic constraints obstruct German-African cooperation over the short term.Germany promotes trilateral cooperation with China and Africa but encounters several challenges within its forward momentum.

The New Shift in the Cooperation of the European Union With Middle and Upper-Middle-Income Countries

The objective of this article is to analyze the new cooperation of the European Union,in particular with middle and upper-middle-income countries,in order to understand the development policy of the Union in view of the new global scenario,taking into account the new status that these countries have acquired and the implications of this entails in international cooperation processes.This leads us to delve into how the EU cooperates with the middle-income countries and more advanced developing countries.The contribution of this work addresses some of the challenges and perspectives that are currently being planned about the EU’s development policy,providing different elements of analysis and reflection on its future evolution.

Does urban technological innovation and cooperation promote its green development?Evidence from cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,China

The internal technological innovation(IT)and external technological cooperation(ET)of a city are crucial drivers for its green development(GD).Although previous studies have extensively explored the effect of IT on GD,IT,ET and GD have not been integrated into the same framework to explore their relationship.Using panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,this study revealed the spatio-temporal evolution of GD and analyzed the effects of IT and ET on GD from the perspective of baseline impact,spatial effect and synergy effect.Empirical results demonstrate that the level of urban GD has upgraded and the difference in GD between cities has been narrowed though it decreases from the middle to both ends.IT significantly promotes the growth of GD while ET has an inverted U-shaped effect on GD.Under the influence of spatial spillover,IT has a U-shaped effect on the GD of neighboring cities while the effect of ET on neighboring GD is not significant.Additionally,the interaction between IT and ET has not been effective,leading to an insignificant synergy effect on GD.These findings will provide reference for taking rational advantage of IT and ET to facilitate urban GD.

Enhance International Exchange and Cooperation Jointly Promote ITS Development in China

Intelligent Transport System (ITS), a sys-tematic integration of modern hi-techs, such as computer technologies, communication technolo-gies, etc., is an important development trend in the field of communication & transportation sys-tem in the 21st century. The Chinese govern-