Competition of spatial service hinterlands between high-speed rail and air transport in China： Present and future trends

The rapid development of high-speed rail （HSR） and air transport in China has encouraged research on the spatial effects and safety of these two modes of transport, and on the competition between them. We report here an investigation of the effects of competi- tion between HSR and air transport in China from a geographical perspective. The spatial service hinterlands for HSR and air transport accessible within one and two hours by road transport were investigated using a method based on a geographical information system and the overlapping service hinterlands of HSR and air transport were established. A city with both HSR stations and airports, or that was accessible to HSR stations and airports within a certain travel time by road transport, was defined as the overlapping market. The spatial effects of competition between HSR and air transport at present and in the future were then studied with respect to the planned HSR network and airports. The results showed that both HSR and air transport tend to serve areas with high population densities and well-developed econo- mies and in 2012 most of the population and GDP in China were accessible within two hours by road transport to an HSR station or airport. -the different technical and economic charac- teristics of HSR and air transport determine the advantage markets. Spatially, the service hinterland of HSR mainly focuses on urban agglomerations and economic corridors in the eastern and central regions, whereas air transport has a competitive advantage in the more inaccessible western region of China. The overlapping market of HSR and air transport will become increasingly large in the future and cities with a population of over one million and cities within 30 km to both airports and HSR stations will become the major competitive markets. Considering the cost of construction and the number of passengers required for economic operation, as well as the competition with air transport, it is suggested that the construction of some HSR projects in the western region of China should be canceled or slowed down.

我国铁路产业“走出去”现状和市场环境分析

我国已具备世界一流的铁路产业体系和难以复制的竞争优势,但铁路产业在"走出去"过程中仍然面临政治、文化、知识产权、法律等多方面的障碍。经济发展水平和工业化程度、国土的大小和形状、人口和城市分布、铁路运输与其他运输间的替代关系都会对一个国家和地区的铁路市场需求产生影响。综合分析可知,我国铁路产业"走出去"针对发达国家市场的重点是老旧线路的升级改造和新建城市轨道交通,针对发展中国家的重点是新建普速铁路、高速铁路以及建设和运营城市轨道交通。

中老铁路通车后对滇老贸易货运市场的影响研究

云南作为中国面向东盟的桥头堡及中老铁路沿线关键节点,目前在中老铁路上的受益并未得到充分体现,这和云南与老挝的货源组织及货运市场有一定关联。为此,本文通过将通车前后云南与老挝贸易的货运市场数据进行横向、纵向对比,得出通车后双方货运市场及货源组织变化,以此找出通车后滇老贸易货运市场及货源组织的存在问题,结合RCEP协定及多式联运发展等机遇,提出促进滇老贸易货运市场及货源组织的建议。以期对云南将交通运输主动融入和服务国家战略,完善中国的国际运输通道体系、建成“一带一路”上的建设范本提供参考和借鉴。

高铁“走出去”人才知识管理能力影响因素研究

研究高铁“走出去”国际化人才知识管理能力影响因素构成是提升其知识管理能力的关键,是培养和开发高铁“走出去”国际化复合人才的核心内容。我国高铁国际化人才严重短缺,研究论证影响我国高铁“走出去”人才知识管理能力因素构成,是落实二十大“人才强国”战略、推进高铁“走出去”人才培养和开发的重要举措和手段。本论文通过文献研究充分借鉴国内外现有国际化人才知识管理能力理论研究成果,结合我国高铁“走出去”实践对国际化人才知识管理能力的需求特征,创新性提出我国高铁“走出去”人才知识管理能力及其影响因素的假设模型,并基于我国高铁“走出去”企业海外人才实际调查数据,运用结构方程模型的方法验证了组织因素对知识管理能力的直接影响,以及社会环境因素对知识管理能力的间接影响。模型验证发现,知识管理能力组织影响因素中,影响最为显著的是激励机制,系数是0.95;第二是员工培训,系数是0.89。在环境因素中,法律环境因素影响最为显著,系数是0.93;第二是市场环境,系数是0.92。因此,提升我国高铁“走出去”海外人才知识管理能力,应考虑从强化组织层面的激励机制、对员工进行国外文化及法律的相关培训等方面着手。本文为基于知识管理能力提升的高铁“走出去”国际化人才培养模式提供了理论支撑,为化解我国高铁“走出去”国际化人才严重短缺现状,加快培养和开发高铁“走出去”国际化人才提供了科学依据。

中国高速铁路“走出去”战略下的专利策略

高速铁路作为中国高端装备制造业的典范,肩负着中国制造"走出去"的历史使命。当前,关于高铁技术的专利争端成为中国高铁"走出去"的潜在陷阱。文章基于国际市场细分概念准则,以短期资金偿付能力、长期资金偿付能力、需求国意愿、出口国意愿、市场专利数量五项细分标准,将国际高铁市场划分为招标型市场、运营型市场、资源型市场和战略型市场。针对四种类型的市场制定了相应的进攻、防御和调控策略,并使每个市场的各种专利策略相互配合。最后从整体上对中国高铁的全球化布局提出建议。

中国高速铁路实施“走出去”战略的专利策略

高速铁路作为中国高端装备制造业的典范,肩负着中国制造"走出去"的历史使命。当前关于高铁技术的专利争端成为中国高铁"走出去"的潜在风险。本文基于短期资金偿付能力、长期资金偿付能力、需求国意愿、中国意愿、既有专利数量5项标准,将国际高铁市场划分为招标型、预期盈利型、远期利益型和战略型,并针对四种类型的市场研究提出进攻、防御、调控等相应的专利策略,最后从整体上对中国高铁的海外专利布局提出建议。