An Interpretable CNN for the Segmentation of the Left Ventricle in Cardiac MRI by Real-Time Visualization

The interpretability of deep learning models has emerged as a compelling area in artificial intelligence research.The safety criteria for medical imaging are highly stringent,and models are required for an explanation.However,existing convolutional neural network solutions for left ventricular segmentation are viewed in terms of inputs and outputs.Thus,the interpretability of CNNs has come into the spotlight.Since medical imaging data are limited,many methods to fine-tune medical imaging models that are popular in transfer models have been built using massive public Image Net datasets by the transfer learning method.Unfortunately,this generates many unreliable parameters and makes it difficult to generate plausible explanations from these models.In this study,we trained from scratch rather than relying on transfer learning,creating a novel interpretable approach for autonomously segmenting the left ventricle with a cardiac MRI.Our enhanced GPU training system implemented interpretable global average pooling for graphics using deep learning.The deep learning tasks were simplified.Simplification included data management,neural network architecture,and training.Our system monitored and analyzed the gradient changes of different layers with dynamic visualizations in real-time and selected the optimal deployment model.Our results demonstrated that the proposed method was feasible and efficient:the Dice coefficient reached 94.48%,and the accuracy reached 99.7%.It was found that no current transfer learning models could perform comparably to the ImageNet transfer learning architectures.This model is lightweight and more convenient to deploy on mobile devices than transfer learning models.

Extravasated contrast volumetric assessment on computed tomography angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding:A useful predictor of positive angiographic findings

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,especially in cases of delayed treatment.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.AIM To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.METHODS In this retrospective single-centre study,35 patients(22 men;median age 69 years;range 16-92 years)admitted to our institution for active GIB detected at CTA and further submitted to catheter angiography between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled.Twenty-three(65.7%)patients underwent endoscopy before CTA.Bleeding volumetry was evaluated in both arterial and venous phases via a semi-automated dedicated software.Bleeding rate was obtained from volume change between the two phases and standardised for unit time.Patients were divided into two groups,according to the angiographic signs and their concordance with CTA.RESULTS Upper bleeding accounted for 42.9%and lower GIB for 57.1%.Mean haemoglobin value at the admission was 7.7 g/dL.A concordance between positive CTA and direct angiographic bleeding signs was found in 19(54.3%)cases.Despite no significant differences in terms of bleeding volume in the arterial phase(0.55 mL vs 0.33 mL,P=0.35),a statistically significant volume increase in the venous phase was identified in the group of patients with positive angiography(2.06 mL vs 0.9 mL,P=0.02).In the latter patient group,a significant increase in bleeding rate was also detected(2.18 mL/min vs 0.19 mL/min,P=0.02).CONCLUSION In GIB of any origin,extravasated contrast volumetric analysis at CTA could be a predictor of positive angiography and may help in avoiding further unnecessary procedures.

NEW SAR IMAGE INTERPRETATION METHOD OF AIRCRAFT BASED ON JOINT TIME-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS

With the continuous improvement of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) resolution, interpreting the small targets like aircraft in SAR images becomes possible and turn out to be a hot spot in SAR application research. However, due to the complexity of SAR imaging mechanism, interpreting targets in SAR images is a tough problem. This paper presents a new aircraft interpretation method based on the joint time-frequency analysis and multi-dimensional contrasting of basic structures. Moreover, SAR data acquisition experiment is designed for interpreting the aircraft. Analyzing the experiment data with our method, the result shows that the proposed method largely makes use of the SAR data information. The reasonable results can provide some auxiliary support for the SAR images manual interpretation.

Photographic Image: Thematization of Its Discourses

This paper deals with thematization as a fundamental step towards the determination of photography image discourses in order to index them. It deals with questions related to photographic reality, polysemy, denotation and connotation, whose comprehension is fundamentally important for the interpretation of photography discourses. It also approaches aspects that have influenced photography analysis towards its thematization, such as the characterization of an image bank, the functions performed by photos, as well as technical and visual quality.

3-D Seismic Imaging and Morpho-tectonical Interpretation of Saucerlike Dykes of the Tarim Flood Basalt Province, NW China

The detailed structures of the plumbing system of the early Permian Tarim flood basalt were investigated by 3-D seismic imaging.The images show that the Tarim flood basalt mainly erupted from central volcanoes distributed

The New Critical Reading of Desert Places

From the perspective of new criticism, this article attempts at a profound study of Robert Frost's Desert Places so as to better understand the value, reveal the meaning and enjoy the charm of this works.

Classification and structural characteristics of amorphous materials based on interpretable deep learning

Defining the structure characteristics of amorphous materials is one of the fundamental problems that need to be solved urgently in complex materials because of their complex structure and long-range disorder.In this study,we develop an interpretable deep learning model capable of accurately classifying amorphous configurations and characterizing their structural properties.The results demonstrate that the multi-dimensional hybrid convolutional neural network can classify the two-dimensional(2D)liquids and amorphous solids of molecular dynamics simulation.The classification process does not make a priori assumptions on the amorphous particle environment,and the accuracy is 92.75%,which is better than other convolutional neural networks.Moreover,our model utilizes the gradient-weighted activation-like mapping method,which generates activation-like heat maps that can precisely identify important structures in the amorphous configuration maps.We obtain an order parameter from the heatmap and conduct finite scale analysis of this parameter.Our findings demonstrate that the order parameter effectively captures the amorphous phase transition process across various systems.These results hold significant scientific implications for the study of amorphous structural characteristics via deep learning.

THE APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE ON GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF PLACER DEPOSIT

The practice has proved that it is an economic and effective method to investigate placer gold deposit by using multi-level information sources of remote sensing and multi-variate analysis methods, especially for the area with a sparse population and difficult condition like the Da Hinggan Mountains, China.The information sources used in our work includes Landsat TM, aerial infrared photography and their mosaic image maps and enlarged photos with different scales. According to statistic data, in the study area the gold-bearing rocks are mainly granite, alaskite, granodiorite and some old metamorphic rocks. On gold-bearing geological structures, the fault zones in the four directions (NE, NNE, NW and EW) are obvious, in which NNE and EW are the most key fault zones. On fluvial geomorphology the flow courses stored placer are in the tributaries of the 4th and 5th levels, especially in straight or slight curve reaches. On the basis of analysis the interpretative signs were set up, and the interpretative

Faith Meets Feminism:An Analysis of the Christian Belief in a Male God

Despite the numerous existing accounts on the equality of sexes,feminists have openly expressed their dissatisfaction on the Christian doctrine of the image of God:To them,the reality is that,the world has always belonged to men.While trying to seek support from Holy Scripture,feminists decry prejudices in the Christian model which has so far,failed to provide a feminine imagery of God;this has caused an open clash between feminists’and Christians’views on the role of a male God in promoting equality of sexes.This paper presents biblical evidence of the image of God as an attempt to clarify the reliability of the Christian belief in a male God.While this study adopted a qualitative research design,the author used qualitative approach in the analysis of feminists’arguments against the patriarchal chauvinism observed in the Bible.The paper concludes that,Christian conception of a male omniscient and omnipotent Creator is not just a mere theorisation for it to be amended or reconceptualised,but a complete explanation of the believer’s humility and submission to divine power and/or authority.

Research on the Perceptual Law of Artificial Ants

Beginning with the analysis of the behavior of natural ants, this paper illuminates the principle and method that, by adopting image texture energy as pheromone and finding their way on the track of the pheromone, artificial ants have the ability to identify and remember through similar measurement of pheromone. Based on the quantity of experiments, this paper analyzes some factors that influence the ability of artificial ants and draws some conclusions about the law of ant perception.

基于倾向扩散因子的SOF地震图像增强方法

本文从增强地震图像、突出地震几何属性的角度出发,提出了一种基于倾向扩散因子的构造方向滤波(SOF)地震图像增强方法。该方法首先用复数道信息估算出倾向,并利用倾向信息对地震图像的不连续性进行检测,进而求出倾向扩散因子和构造张量,最后用各向异性扩散算法对地震剖面进行平滑。实际资料的应用结果表明,该方法不仅具有较强的抑制噪声能力,而且增强了侧向反射同相轴的连续性,有利于解释人员提取有用的地震几何属性,精细地解释地下目标构造。

超声TOFD检测图谱识别

介绍国际法规中有关超声TOFD检测的图谱识别和显示评定要求,包括检测原理图谱、定位定量图谱、典型焊接缺陷识别和表征图谱,以及图像自身质量判定比照图谱。掌握TOFD读谱识谱基本功,是遵循法规标准、掌握承压设备焊接接头TOFD检测诊断技术的瓶颈。

从欧标谙TOFD

俯瞰欧盟新标准CEN／TS 14751：2004《焊缝超声TOFD法检测》的有关新要求。该欧标规定了A、B、C、D4种检测等级，不同壁厚（6～300mm）对接焊缝的TOFD设置，时间窗和灵敏度的调节方法，切槽试块和横孔试块的形状尺寸，焊缝分区扫查、中心扫查和偏心扫查的要领；列出了18张TOFD自身质量和典型缺陷的识别图谱。特别亮出了克服TOFD固有局限性的一些新方法。期望对国内正在推广应用的TOFD技术提供攻关新武器。

Study of utility of 2.0T-SGR magnetic resonance angiography in cerebrovascular disease

AIM:To evaluate the clinical value of 2.0T SGR magnetic resonance angiography.METHODS:Using Elscint 2.0T SGR MR to scan 62 patients with cerebrovascular disease.Three dimensional models were reconstructed by 3D TOF with 3D PC and treated with maximal intensity projection (MIP).RESULTS:MRA can clearly display normal vessel form and lesions.In these cases,there were 26 arteriovenous malformation (AVM) cases,12 intracranial aneurysm cases,7 moy moya disease cases and 18 arteriosclerosis and arterial occlusion cases.CONCLUSION:2.0T SGR MRA is a noninvasive and effective angiography method to diagnose vascular disease with clear localization and high final diagnosis rate.

Anisotropy interpretation and the coherence research between resistivity and acoustic anisotropy in tight sands

Aiming at the problem of anisotropy inversion of tight sands, a new method for extracting resistivity anisotropy from array laterolog and micro-resistivity scanning imaging logging is proposed, and also the consistency of electric and acoustic anisotropy is discussed. Array laterolog includes resistivity anisotropy information, but numerical simulation shows that drilling fluid invasion has the greatest influence on the response, followed by the relative dip angle θ and electrical anisotropy coefficient λ. A new inversion method to determine ri, Rxo, Rt and λ is developed with the given θ and initial values of invasion radius ri, flushed zone resistivity Rxo, in-situ formation resistivity Rt. Micro-resistivity image can also be used for describing the resistivity distribution information in different directions, and the electrical characteristics from micro-resistivity log in different azimuths, lateral and vertical, can be compared to extract electric anisotropy information. Directional arrangement of mineral particles in tight sands and fracture development are the intrinsic causes of anisotropy, which in turn brings about anisotropy in resistivity and acoustic velocity, so the resistivity anisotropy and acoustic velocity anisotropy are consistent in trends. Analysis of log data of several wells show that the electrical anisotropy and acoustic anisotropy extracted from array laterolog, micro-resistivity imaging and cross-dipole acoustic logs respectively are consistent in trend and magnitude, proving the inversion method is accurate and the anisotropies of different formation physical parameters caused by the intrinsic structure of tight sand reservoir are consistent. This research provides a new idea for evaluating anisotropy of tight sands.

The Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures based on the Animal Images in Idioms

Chinese idioms,like English proverbs,are a language form,with a certain philosophical motive and ideological basis,given meaning through people's lifelong experiences.Throughout the ages,a wide range of beliefs,customs and natural scenery have been condensed into text forms in both Chinese idioms and English proverbs that display certain aspects of the essence of the two cultures.This paper focuses on the study of animal images in idioms,and elaborates on the different interpretations of specific images caused by the differences in history,regions,customs,and values of the two cultures.The purpose of this research is to provide a breakthrough more relevant to students who devote themselves to the study and research of Chinese and English languages and culture from the perspective of cultural contrast and analysis,so as to make a more thorough understanding of differences between Chinese and Western customs,culture and ideology.Therefore,language translations and cultural communications can be improved through a more accurate understanding of the Chinese and Western cultures.