This paper begins with a brief introduction of the embedded real-time operating system VxWorks and CompactPCI standard, then gives the programming interfaces of Peripheral Controller Interface (PCI) configuring, int...This paper begins with a brief introduction of the embedded real-time operating system VxWorks and CompactPCI standard, then gives the programming interfaces of Peripheral Controller Interface (PCI) configuring, interrupts handling and multi-tasks programming interface under VxWorks, and then emphasis is placed on the software frameworks of CPCI interrupt management based on multi-tasks. This method is sound in design and easy to adapt, ensures that all possible interrupts are handled in time, which makes it suitable for data acquisition systems with multi-channels, a high data rate, and hard real-time high energy physics.展开更多
Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem ...Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem of plasticity loss in neural networks.Plasticity loss is the difficulty of learning new knowledge after the network has converged.To this end,we propose a motivational curriculum learning distributed proximal policy optimization(MCLDPPO)algorithm,through which trained agents can significantly outperform the predictive game tree and mainstream reinforcement learning methods.The motivational curriculum learning is designed to help the agent gradually improve its combat ability by observing the agent's unsatisfactory performance and providing appropriate rewards as a guide.Furthermore,a complete tactical maneuver is encapsulated based on the existing air combat knowledge,and through the flexible use of these maneuvers,some tactics beyond human knowledge can be realized.In addition,we designed an interruption mechanism for the agent to increase the frequency of decisionmaking when the agent faces an emergency.When the number of threats received by the agent changes,the current action is interrupted in order to reacquire observations and make decisions again.Using the interruption mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the agent.To simulate actual air combat better,we use digital twin technology to simulate real air battles and propose a parallel battlefield mechanism that can run multiple simulation environments simultaneously,effectively improving data throughput.The experimental results demonstrate that the agent can fully utilize the situational information to make reasonable decisions and provide tactical adaptation in the air combat,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithmic framework proposed in this paper.展开更多
In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes consid...In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes considerable coherence with the SAR transmission waveform together with periodical modulation patterns.This paper develops an MISRJ suppression algorithm for SAR imagery with online dictionary learning.In the algorithm,the jamming modulation temporal properties are exploited with extracting and sorting MISRJ slices using fast-time autocorrelation.Online dictionary learning is followed to separate real signals from jamming slices.Under the learned representation,time-varying MISRJs are suppressed effectively.Both simulated and real-measured SAR data are also used to confirm advantages in suppressing time-varying MISRJs over traditional methods.展开更多
One of two mother rivers of the Chinese nation,the Yellow River has supported the development of Chinese civilization and nurtured the Chinese people for millennia.However,the great river has been suffering from sever...One of two mother rivers of the Chinese nation,the Yellow River has supported the development of Chinese civilization and nurtured the Chinese people for millennia.However,the great river has been suffering from severe crises of interrupted flow and water pollution in recent decades.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To access the efficacy and safety of the double-ProGlide technique for the femoral vein access-site closure in cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted oral anticoagulants(OAC),and its impact on the electroph...OBJECTIVE To access the efficacy and safety of the double-ProGlide technique for the femoral vein access-site closure in cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted oral anticoagulants(OAC),and its impact on the electrophysiology laboratory time as well as hospital stay after the procedure in this observational study.METHODS Patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC at Department of Cardiology,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China from May 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled in this study.From October 2020,double-ProGlide technique was consistently used for hemostasis(ProGlide group),and before that conventional manual compression was utilized(manual compression group).The occurrence of vascular and groin complications was accessed during the hospital stay and until the three-month follow-up.RESULTS A total of 140 participants(69.30%of male,mean age:59.21±10.29 years)were evaluated,70 participants being in each group.Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all the patients with ProGlide closure.No major vascular complications were found in the ProGlide group while two major vascular complications were occurred in the manual compression group.The incidence of any groin complication was obviously higher in subjects with manual compression than patients with ProGlide devices(15.71%vs.2.86%,P=0.009).In addition,compared with the manual compression group,the ProGlide group was associated with significantly shorter total time in the electrophysiology laboratory[112.0(93.3–128.8)min vs.123.5(107.3–158.3)min,P=0.006],time from sheath removal until venous site hemostasis[3.8(3.4–4.2)min vs.8.0(7.6–8.5)min,P<0.001],bed rest time[8.0(7.6–8.0)h vs.14.1(12.0–17.6)h,P<0.001]and hospital stay after the procedure[13.8(12.5–17.8)h vs.38.0(21.5–41.0)h,P<0.001].CONCLUSIONS Utilization of the double-ProGlide technique for hemostasis after cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC is feasible and safe,which has the clinical benefit in reducing the total electrophysiology laboratory time and the hospital stay length after the procedure.展开更多
Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,...Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,etc.The objective of this study was to observe the types and frequency of intra-operative wor kflow interruptions in our ORs.Method:This ccoss-sectional study was conducted from March Do April of 2023.An observational approach using an audio-video recording device was employed to record OR flow disr uptions.One elective OR and one emergency OR under the Department of General Surgery were selected for the study.All open and laparoscopic surger ies conducted in the selected ORs were included.An Internet Protocol camera'was installed in the selec ted ORS with a view of the entire room,including the anesthesia station.Audio-video recording was started after the first indsion and stopped after closure of the surgical site.Result:Of the 51 cases that were studied,45(88.2%)were elective,and 18(35.3%)were laparoscopic cases.They could be classified into 8 types of open procedures and 4 types of lapar oscopic procedures.The mean maximum headcount inside the OR was 15.5土3.6 and doors opened on average of 15.8土6.0 times during a procedure.Other interruptions were surgeons attending phone calls(24,47.1%),leaving the sterile area(21,41.2%),technical disturbances(32,62.7%),anesthetic interruptions(18,35.3%),and faulty instruments(29,56.9%)Elective procedures had a signifcandy higher average number of in-terruptions per operating hour than emergency procedures(175±8.6vs.7.1±2.9,p<0.01).Condusion:Preventable factors such as faulty instruments,anesthetic interruption,and attending phone calls by the surgeon are commonly observed in ORs.They need to be addressed by timely surgical audits or the adoption of continued sureillance methods that can help take measures to minimize their occurrence.展开更多
Nowadays,the microgrid cluster is an important application scenario for energy trading.In trading,one of the most important research directions is the issue of pricing.To determine reasonable pricing for the microgrid...Nowadays,the microgrid cluster is an important application scenario for energy trading.In trading,one of the most important research directions is the issue of pricing.To determine reasonable pricing for the microgrid cluster,data communication is used to create the cyber-physical system(CPS),which can improve the observability of microgrids.Then,the following works are carried out in the CPS.In the physical layer:1)Regarding trading between microgrids and the load,based on the generalized game theory,an optimal pricing strategy is proposed,which takes into account the interactive relationships among microgrids and transforms the pricing problem into a Nikaido-Isoda function to obtain the optimal prices conveniently;2)Regarding peer-to-peer trading between two microgrids,based on evolutionary game theory and the penalty mechanism,the optimal sale price of the seller is selected with boundary rationality.In the cyber layer,regarding the communication interruption issue existing in pricing(i.e.,the game process),based on the principle of matching the performance of the path with the importance degree of the data,a dynamic regulating method of paths is proposed,i.e.,adopting a new path to re-transmit the interrupted data to the destination.Finally,the effect of the proposed strategies is verified by case studies.展开更多
Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources...Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy. Higher taxes, fees, and greater regulations can stymie businesses or entire industries and the resulting impact is reflected on the country’s economy status (strong or weak). The growth rate of GDP is often used as an indicator of the general health of the economy. In broad terms, an increase in real GDP is interpreted as a sign that the economy is doing well. So it is important to study and pay more attention to country’s GDP growth rate. In this paper, an intervention analysis approach was applied to Nigeria GDP data in order to evaluate the performances of military and civilian rules in the country. Data on Nigeria GDP were collected and subjected to interrupted (intervention) time series model. Based on the Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and sigma<sup>2</sup> values, the interrupted time series model ARIMA (1, 1, 0) with exogenous variables (per capita per capita GDP, intervention, year and yearAfter) was identified as the best model amongst other competing models. It was observed that the intervention (civilian rule) was significant at the 10% level of significance in increasing the Nigeria GDP by 10B US$ on the average since 2005 till 2021 while controlling for the effects of other determinants. Also, the ARIMA (1, 1, 0) forecasts indicate that the Nigeria GDP will continue increasing during the civilian rule. As a result, changing from military rule to civilian rule in Nigeria significantly increased the GDP of the country.展开更多
Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources...Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy. Higher taxes, fees, and greater regulations can stymie businesses or entire industries and the resulting impact is reflected on the country’s economy status (strong or weak). The growth rate of GDP is often used as an indicator of the general health of the economy. In broad terms, an increase in real GDP is interpreted as a sign that the economy is doing well. So it is important to study and pay more attention to country’s GDP growth rate. In this paper, an intervention analysis approach was applied to Nigeria GDP data in order to evaluate the performances of military and civilian rules in the country. Data on Nigeria GDP were collected and subjected to interrupted (intervention) time series model. Based on the Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and sigma<sup>2</sup> values, the interrupted time series model ARIMA (1, 1, 0) with exogenous variables (per capita per capita GDP, intervention, year and yearAfter) was identified as the best model amongst other competing models. It was observed that the intervention (civilian rule) was significant at the 10% level of significance in increasing the Nigeria GDP by 10B US$ on the average since 2005 till 2021 while controlling for the effects of other determinants. Also, the ARIMA (1, 1, 0) forecasts indicate that the Nigeria GDP will continue increasing during the civilian rule. As a result, changing from military rule to civilian rule in Nigeria significantly increased the GDP of the country.展开更多
In many real-time resource-constrained embedded systems, highly-predictable system behavior is a key design requirement. The “time-triggered co-operative” (TTC) scheduling algorithm provides a good match for a wide ...In many real-time resource-constrained embedded systems, highly-predictable system behavior is a key design requirement. The “time-triggered co-operative” (TTC) scheduling algorithm provides a good match for a wide range of low-cost embedded applications. As a consequence of the resource, timing, and power constraints, the implementation of such algorithm is often far from trivial. Thus, basic implementation of TTC algorithm can result in excessive levels of task jitter which may jeopardize the predictability of many time-critical applications using this algorithm. This paper discusses the main sources of jitter in earlier TTC implementations and develops two alternative implementations – based on the employment of “sandwich delay” (SD) mechanisms – to reduce task jitter in TTC system significantly. In addition to jitter levels at task release times, we also assess the CPU, memory and power requirements involved in practical implementations of the proposed schedulers. The paper concludes that the TTC scheduler implementation using “multiple timer interrupt” (MTI) technique achieves better performance in terms of timing behavior and resource utilization as opposed to the other implementation which is based on a simple SD mechanism. Use of MTI technique is also found to provide a simple solution to “task overrun” problem which may degrade the performance of many TTC systems.展开更多
Objective To identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Methods Reported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extrac...Objective To identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Methods Reported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed. An interrupted time series (ITS) technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years. Results Over 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level (P〈0.0001) when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 (all P〈O.O05), but not 2009 to 2008. Conclusion Incremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice of Chinese nurses regarding nursing interruptions and related factors.Methods:A total of 6,400 nurses from 31 hospitals in China were investigated by using the...Objectives:To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice of Chinese nurses regarding nursing interruptions and related factors.Methods:A total of 6,400 nurses from 31 hospitals in China were investigated by using the Knowledge,Attitude and Practice(KAP)Questionnaire of Nursing Interruptions.The questionnaire consists of three dimensions,knowledge,attitude and practice,containing 10,9 and 7 items,with full score of 50,45 and 28,respectively.Results:The mean overall KAP score regarding nursing interruptions of Chinese nurses was 74.05±16.65(range:26-123),with scores for the knowledge,attitude,and practice component being 21.74±9.80,34.83±6.98,and 17.49±4.97,respectively.Among the nurses,70.8%of them experienced an average level of KAP toward nursing interruptions while 15.5%were at a poor level.The knowledge,attitude,and practice of nursing interruptions were better in chief nurses,managers,nurses with a master degree or above,nurses ever received training,and nurses with a strong agreement to leadership compared to nurses in other groups(P<0.05).In addition,employment type,professional title,position,standardized training and leaders'attention were predictors of KAP in nurses.Conclusion:Chinese nurses have a moderate level of KAP regarding nursing interruptions.Leaders'attention,standardized training,position,professional title and employment type could predict nurses'KAP state of nursing interruptions.Thus,a targeted training program should be implemented for clinical nurses by nursing leaders,with a particular focus on feasibility and professionalism.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is often followed by the abnormalities of neurons and corticospinal tract, which can lead to corresponding clinical symptoms and signs. Recently, with the continuous perfection of high-fie...BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is often followed by the abnormalities of neurons and corticospinal tract, which can lead to corresponding clinical symptoms and signs. Recently, with the continuous perfection of high-field MRI instrument, it becomes possible to assess and investigate the cortical function and structural reconstruction following stroke by using MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). OBJECTIVE: To observe the cortical motor function and changes of corticospinal tracts by using MRI and DTI in the patients with ischemic stroke at acute period, compare with the normal subjects, and assess the damage of corticospinal tract and muscle strength.DESIGN : A case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS : Nine inpatients (5 males and 4 females) with injury of motor function induced by acute ischemic stroke were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between August and December in 2005, they aged 16-87 years with an average of 51 years old, and those with obvious conscious disturbances and severe cognitive disorders were excluded. At the same time, nine healthy right-handed physical examinees matched by age and gender with the patients were also selected, and they all had no nervous disease, epilepsy, mental diseases, cerebrovascular abnormalities and injury history, etc. All the subjects were informed with the detected items and agreed to participate in. METHODS: All the 9 patients with ischemic stroke at acute period and 9 healthy subjects were examined with MRI and DTI.① A block-based design was used in the MRI, the passive finger-to-finger exercise was used as the stimulative task, and the static condition was taken as the baseline task. The GE 1.5T MRI system was used, all the data were processed after off-line, and analyzed with the SPM2 software, the association between the activated area and local anatomy of brain was observed. ② The DTI image was processed with the dTV.Ⅱ.R1 software part of the anisotropic image and color anisotropic image were shown, and the three-dimensional white matter image of bilateral corticospinal tracts of the patients were reconstructed. ③ The muscle strength of the affected hand of the stroke patients was judged with the Brunnstorm standard. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The manifestations of MRI, DTI and corticospinal tracts of the 9 stroke patients were mainly observed. RESULTS: All the 9 stroke patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of MRI examination: The handed exercise of the healthy subjects mainly activated contralateral sensorimotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex and bilateral supplementary motor areas. For the exercise of ipsilateral hand of 7 stroke patients, contralateral sensorimotor cortex was weakly activated, but ipsilateral posterial parietal cortex was obviously activated, and the activation of cerebrum was observed in 3 of them. For the other two patients, bilateral sensorimotor cortexes were activated during the exercise of ipsilateral hand, and the ipsilateral activated area was greater than the controlateral one. The exercise of contralateral hand activated contralateral sensorimotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex and contralateral supplementary motor area, and no obvious ipsilateral activated area was observed.② Results of DTI examination: The anisotropic values of the infarcted area were obviously lower than those of the contralateral part (t=4.570, P 〈 0.01). the anisotropic value of the infarcted area were obviously was obviously correlated with bilateral muscle strength (t=0.888, P 〈 0.05). ③ Results of the examination for corticospinal tracts: The reconstruction of bilateral corticospinal tracts, contralateral anatomic form were generally identical with those of normal subjects, the consistency of each continuous form from anterior central gyrus downward to internal capsule to bridge of varolius and bulbus medullae. Because of the involvement of infarcted area to different extent, ipsilateral corticospinal tract was manifested by the interruption of succession and loss of consistency of anatomic structural form. The severity for the injury of corticospinal tract was markedly correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION : ① The MRI manifestations of stroke patients during the exercise of affected hand are different from those of normal subjects, suggesting that there is compensation and reconstruction of brain function.② DTI examination is good for the judgement of the correlation between the damaged severity of infarction and muscle strength.③The damaged severity of corticospinal tracts is correlated with muscle strength, and it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment.展开更多
In this paper, we present a new car-following model by taking into account the effects of the traffic interruption probability on the car-following behaviour of the following vehicle. The stability condition of the mo...In this paper, we present a new car-following model by taking into account the effects of the traffic interruption probability on the car-following behaviour of the following vehicle. The stability condition of the model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The modified Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is constructed and solved, and three types of traffic flows in the headway sensitivity space-stable, metastable, and unstable--are classified. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the traffic interruption probability indeed has an influence on driving behaviour, and the consideration of traffic interruption probability in the car-following model could stabilize traffic flow.展开更多
Water flow from an artesian well stopped on December 17, 2007 but recovered when the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008. This well is located 90 km south of the epicenter in an extensional tectonic se...Water flow from an artesian well stopped on December 17, 2007 but recovered when the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008. This well is located 90 km south of the epicenter in an extensional tectonic setting, where similar changes of water level and resistivity were observed at two other nearby sites. Our investigation suggests that this phenomenon was not caused by environmental disturbances, such as drought or borehole-drilling activity, but might be a precursor to the earthquake.展开更多
The present research on moulded case circuit breaker(MCCB) focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics...The present research on moulded case circuit breaker(MCCB) focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration(IRI) is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms: main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part(virtual rigid) without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations(DAEs) of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations(ODEs) by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C++.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.展开更多
To improve the limiting current interruption capability and minimizing vacuum interrupter with axial magnetic field (AMF) electrodes, it is significant to investigate the vacuum arc behaviours between the contacts. ...To improve the limiting current interruption capability and minimizing vacuum interrupter with axial magnetic field (AMF) electrodes, it is significant to investigate the vacuum arc behaviours between the contacts. AMF distributions of the slot type electrodes were studied by both numerical analysis and experiments. Furthermore, the behaviours of vacuum arcs for different parameters of the slot type AMF electrodes were investigated by using high-speed CCD camera. The influences of gap distance, contact diameter and phase shift time between AMF and arc current on the vacuum arc were investigated. The results provide a reference for research and development of vacuum interrupters with slot type or other types of AMF electrode.展开更多
The self-excited DC air circuit breaker(SE-DCCB)has been widely used in urban rail transit due to its excellent stability.It can realize forward and reverse interruption,but has difficulty interrupting small currents ...The self-excited DC air circuit breaker(SE-DCCB)has been widely used in urban rail transit due to its excellent stability.It can realize forward and reverse interruption,but has difficulty interrupting small currents due to the phenomenon of arc root sticking at the entrance of the arc chamber in the splitting process,which is known as arc root stagnation.A coupling model of the self-excited magnetic field and magnetohydrodynamics is established for the SE-DCCB with the traditional structure.The magnetic field,temperature and airflow distribution in the arc chamber are investigated with an interrupting current of 150 A.The simulation results show that the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force are the dominant factors in the arc root stagnation.The local high temperature of the arc chamber due to arc root stagnation increases the obstruction effect of the airflow vortex on the arc root movement,which significantly increases the arc duration time of small current interruption.Based on the research,the structure of the magnetic conductance plate of the actual product is improved,which can improve the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force at the arc root so as to restrain the development of the airflow vortex effectively and solve the problem of arc root stagnation when the small current is interrupted.The simulation results show that the circuit breaker with improved structure has a better performance for a small current interruption range from 100 A to 350 A.展开更多
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2001AA602011-1)
文摘This paper begins with a brief introduction of the embedded real-time operating system VxWorks and CompactPCI standard, then gives the programming interfaces of Peripheral Controller Interface (PCI) configuring, interrupts handling and multi-tasks programming interface under VxWorks, and then emphasis is placed on the software frameworks of CPCI interrupt management based on multi-tasks. This method is sound in design and easy to adapt, ensures that all possible interrupts are handled in time, which makes it suitable for data acquisition systems with multi-channels, a high data rate, and hard real-time high energy physics.
文摘Reinforcement learning has been applied to air combat problems in recent years,and the idea of curriculum learning is often used for reinforcement learning,but traditional curriculum learning suffers from the problem of plasticity loss in neural networks.Plasticity loss is the difficulty of learning new knowledge after the network has converged.To this end,we propose a motivational curriculum learning distributed proximal policy optimization(MCLDPPO)algorithm,through which trained agents can significantly outperform the predictive game tree and mainstream reinforcement learning methods.The motivational curriculum learning is designed to help the agent gradually improve its combat ability by observing the agent's unsatisfactory performance and providing appropriate rewards as a guide.Furthermore,a complete tactical maneuver is encapsulated based on the existing air combat knowledge,and through the flexible use of these maneuvers,some tactics beyond human knowledge can be realized.In addition,we designed an interruption mechanism for the agent to increase the frequency of decisionmaking when the agent faces an emergency.When the number of threats received by the agent changes,the current action is interrupted in order to reacquire observations and make decisions again.Using the interruption mechanism can significantly improve the performance of the agent.To simulate actual air combat better,we use digital twin technology to simulate real air battles and propose a parallel battlefield mechanism that can run multiple simulation environments simultaneously,effectively improving data throughput.The experimental results demonstrate that the agent can fully utilize the situational information to make reasonable decisions and provide tactical adaptation in the air combat,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithmic framework proposed in this paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61771372,61771367,62101494)the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project(61525105)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20190929172704911)the Aeronautic al Science Foundation of China(2019200M1001)。
文摘In electromagnetic countermeasures circumstances,synthetic aperture radar(SAR)imagery usually suffers from severe quality degradation from modulated interrupt sampling repeater jamming(MISRJ),which usually owes considerable coherence with the SAR transmission waveform together with periodical modulation patterns.This paper develops an MISRJ suppression algorithm for SAR imagery with online dictionary learning.In the algorithm,the jamming modulation temporal properties are exploited with extracting and sorting MISRJ slices using fast-time autocorrelation.Online dictionary learning is followed to separate real signals from jamming slices.Under the learned representation,time-varying MISRJs are suppressed effectively.Both simulated and real-measured SAR data are also used to confirm advantages in suppressing time-varying MISRJs over traditional methods.
文摘One of two mother rivers of the Chinese nation,the Yellow River has supported the development of Chinese civilization and nurtured the Chinese people for millennia.However,the great river has been suffering from severe crises of interrupted flow and water pollution in recent decades.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81100143)the Beijing Nova Program(Z121107002512053)+4 种基金the Beijing Health System High Level Health Technology Talent Cultivation Plan(No.2013-3-013)the Beijing Outstanding Talent Training Program(No.2014000021223ZK32)the Beijing National Science Foundation(No.7212100)the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201303)the National Key Clinical Speciality Construction Project。
文摘OBJECTIVE To access the efficacy and safety of the double-ProGlide technique for the femoral vein access-site closure in cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted oral anticoagulants(OAC),and its impact on the electrophysiology laboratory time as well as hospital stay after the procedure in this observational study.METHODS Patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC at Department of Cardiology,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing,China from May 2019 to May 2021 were enrolled in this study.From October 2020,double-ProGlide technique was consistently used for hemostasis(ProGlide group),and before that conventional manual compression was utilized(manual compression group).The occurrence of vascular and groin complications was accessed during the hospital stay and until the three-month follow-up.RESULTS A total of 140 participants(69.30%of male,mean age:59.21±10.29 years)were evaluated,70 participants being in each group.Immediate hemostasis was achieved in all the patients with ProGlide closure.No major vascular complications were found in the ProGlide group while two major vascular complications were occurred in the manual compression group.The incidence of any groin complication was obviously higher in subjects with manual compression than patients with ProGlide devices(15.71%vs.2.86%,P=0.009).In addition,compared with the manual compression group,the ProGlide group was associated with significantly shorter total time in the electrophysiology laboratory[112.0(93.3–128.8)min vs.123.5(107.3–158.3)min,P=0.006],time from sheath removal until venous site hemostasis[3.8(3.4–4.2)min vs.8.0(7.6–8.5)min,P<0.001],bed rest time[8.0(7.6–8.0)h vs.14.1(12.0–17.6)h,P<0.001]and hospital stay after the procedure[13.8(12.5–17.8)h vs.38.0(21.5–41.0)h,P<0.001].CONCLUSIONS Utilization of the double-ProGlide technique for hemostasis after cryoballoon ablation with uninterrupted OAC is feasible and safe,which has the clinical benefit in reducing the total electrophysiology laboratory time and the hospital stay length after the procedure.
文摘Objective:Adverse surgical events are a major cause of morbidity,mortality,and disability worldw ide.The cause of many such events can be attributed to interruptions in the operating room(OR),muli-tasking by surgeons,etc.The objective of this study was to observe the types and frequency of intra-operative wor kflow interruptions in our ORs.Method:This ccoss-sectional study was conducted from March Do April of 2023.An observational approach using an audio-video recording device was employed to record OR flow disr uptions.One elective OR and one emergency OR under the Department of General Surgery were selected for the study.All open and laparoscopic surger ies conducted in the selected ORs were included.An Internet Protocol camera'was installed in the selec ted ORS with a view of the entire room,including the anesthesia station.Audio-video recording was started after the first indsion and stopped after closure of the surgical site.Result:Of the 51 cases that were studied,45(88.2%)were elective,and 18(35.3%)were laparoscopic cases.They could be classified into 8 types of open procedures and 4 types of lapar oscopic procedures.The mean maximum headcount inside the OR was 15.5土3.6 and doors opened on average of 15.8土6.0 times during a procedure.Other interruptions were surgeons attending phone calls(24,47.1%),leaving the sterile area(21,41.2%),technical disturbances(32,62.7%),anesthetic interruptions(18,35.3%),and faulty instruments(29,56.9%)Elective procedures had a signifcandy higher average number of in-terruptions per operating hour than emergency procedures(175±8.6vs.7.1±2.9,p<0.01).Condusion:Preventable factors such as faulty instruments,anesthetic interruption,and attending phone calls by the surgeon are commonly observed in ORs.They need to be addressed by timely surgical audits or the adoption of continued sureillance methods that can help take measures to minimize their occurrence.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0702200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61933005,61833008)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20220395)the Leading Technology Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province(BK20202011)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Universities(22KJB470024)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2020001)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(E2020203139)Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY222032)the National Research Foundation of Korea(2020R1A2B5B02002002).
文摘Nowadays,the microgrid cluster is an important application scenario for energy trading.In trading,one of the most important research directions is the issue of pricing.To determine reasonable pricing for the microgrid cluster,data communication is used to create the cyber-physical system(CPS),which can improve the observability of microgrids.Then,the following works are carried out in the CPS.In the physical layer:1)Regarding trading between microgrids and the load,based on the generalized game theory,an optimal pricing strategy is proposed,which takes into account the interactive relationships among microgrids and transforms the pricing problem into a Nikaido-Isoda function to obtain the optimal prices conveniently;2)Regarding peer-to-peer trading between two microgrids,based on evolutionary game theory and the penalty mechanism,the optimal sale price of the seller is selected with boundary rationality.In the cyber layer,regarding the communication interruption issue existing in pricing(i.e.,the game process),based on the principle of matching the performance of the path with the importance degree of the data,a dynamic regulating method of paths is proposed,i.e.,adopting a new path to re-transmit the interrupted data to the destination.Finally,the effect of the proposed strategies is verified by case studies.
文摘Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy. Higher taxes, fees, and greater regulations can stymie businesses or entire industries and the resulting impact is reflected on the country’s economy status (strong or weak). The growth rate of GDP is often used as an indicator of the general health of the economy. In broad terms, an increase in real GDP is interpreted as a sign that the economy is doing well. So it is important to study and pay more attention to country’s GDP growth rate. In this paper, an intervention analysis approach was applied to Nigeria GDP data in order to evaluate the performances of military and civilian rules in the country. Data on Nigeria GDP were collected and subjected to interrupted (intervention) time series model. Based on the Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and sigma<sup>2</sup> values, the interrupted time series model ARIMA (1, 1, 0) with exogenous variables (per capita per capita GDP, intervention, year and yearAfter) was identified as the best model amongst other competing models. It was observed that the intervention (civilian rule) was significant at the 10% level of significance in increasing the Nigeria GDP by 10B US$ on the average since 2005 till 2021 while controlling for the effects of other determinants. Also, the ARIMA (1, 1, 0) forecasts indicate that the Nigeria GDP will continue increasing during the civilian rule. As a result, changing from military rule to civilian rule in Nigeria significantly increased the GDP of the country.
文摘Governments influence the economy by changing the level and types of taxes, the extent and composition of spending, and the degree and form of borrowing. Governments directly and indirectly influence the way resources are used in the economy. Higher taxes, fees, and greater regulations can stymie businesses or entire industries and the resulting impact is reflected on the country’s economy status (strong or weak). The growth rate of GDP is often used as an indicator of the general health of the economy. In broad terms, an increase in real GDP is interpreted as a sign that the economy is doing well. So it is important to study and pay more attention to country’s GDP growth rate. In this paper, an intervention analysis approach was applied to Nigeria GDP data in order to evaluate the performances of military and civilian rules in the country. Data on Nigeria GDP were collected and subjected to interrupted (intervention) time series model. Based on the Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and sigma<sup>2</sup> values, the interrupted time series model ARIMA (1, 1, 0) with exogenous variables (per capita per capita GDP, intervention, year and yearAfter) was identified as the best model amongst other competing models. It was observed that the intervention (civilian rule) was significant at the 10% level of significance in increasing the Nigeria GDP by 10B US$ on the average since 2005 till 2021 while controlling for the effects of other determinants. Also, the ARIMA (1, 1, 0) forecasts indicate that the Nigeria GDP will continue increasing during the civilian rule. As a result, changing from military rule to civilian rule in Nigeria significantly increased the GDP of the country.
文摘In many real-time resource-constrained embedded systems, highly-predictable system behavior is a key design requirement. The “time-triggered co-operative” (TTC) scheduling algorithm provides a good match for a wide range of low-cost embedded applications. As a consequence of the resource, timing, and power constraints, the implementation of such algorithm is often far from trivial. Thus, basic implementation of TTC algorithm can result in excessive levels of task jitter which may jeopardize the predictability of many time-critical applications using this algorithm. This paper discusses the main sources of jitter in earlier TTC implementations and develops two alternative implementations – based on the employment of “sandwich delay” (SD) mechanisms – to reduce task jitter in TTC system significantly. In addition to jitter levels at task release times, we also assess the CPU, memory and power requirements involved in practical implementations of the proposed schedulers. The paper concludes that the TTC scheduler implementation using “multiple timer interrupt” (MTI) technique achieves better performance in terms of timing behavior and resource utilization as opposed to the other implementation which is based on a simple SD mechanism. Use of MTI technique is also found to provide a simple solution to “task overrun” problem which may degrade the performance of many TTC systems.
文摘Objective To identify patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) incidence in China during declining incidence periods of 2008, 2009, and 2010. Methods Reported HFMD cases over a period of 25 months were extracted from the National Disease Reporting System (NDRS) and analyzed. An interrupted time series (ITS) technique was used to detect changes in HFMD incidence rates in terms of level and slope between declining incidence periods of the three years. Results Over 3.58 million HFMD cases younger than 5 years were reported to the NDRS between May 1, 2008, and May 31, 2011. Males comprised 63.4% of the cases. ITS analyses demonstrated a significant increase in incidence rate level (P〈0.0001) when comparing the current period with the previous period. There were significant changes in declining slopes when comparing 2010 to 2009, and 2010 to 2008 (all P〈O.O05), but not 2009 to 2008. Conclusion Incremental changes in incidence rate level during the declining incidence periods of 2009 and 2010 can potentially be attributed to a few factors. The more steeply declining slope in 2010 compared with previous years could be ascribed to the implementation of more effective interventions and preventive strategies in 2010. Further investigation is required to examine this possibility.
基金Paper extracted from The New Xiangya Talent Projects of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(NO:JY201720).
文摘Objectives:To explore the knowledge,attitude and practice of Chinese nurses regarding nursing interruptions and related factors.Methods:A total of 6,400 nurses from 31 hospitals in China were investigated by using the Knowledge,Attitude and Practice(KAP)Questionnaire of Nursing Interruptions.The questionnaire consists of three dimensions,knowledge,attitude and practice,containing 10,9 and 7 items,with full score of 50,45 and 28,respectively.Results:The mean overall KAP score regarding nursing interruptions of Chinese nurses was 74.05±16.65(range:26-123),with scores for the knowledge,attitude,and practice component being 21.74±9.80,34.83±6.98,and 17.49±4.97,respectively.Among the nurses,70.8%of them experienced an average level of KAP toward nursing interruptions while 15.5%were at a poor level.The knowledge,attitude,and practice of nursing interruptions were better in chief nurses,managers,nurses with a master degree or above,nurses ever received training,and nurses with a strong agreement to leadership compared to nurses in other groups(P<0.05).In addition,employment type,professional title,position,standardized training and leaders'attention were predictors of KAP in nurses.Conclusion:Chinese nurses have a moderate level of KAP regarding nursing interruptions.Leaders'attention,standardized training,position,professional title and employment type could predict nurses'KAP state of nursing interruptions.Thus,a targeted training program should be implemented for clinical nurses by nursing leaders,with a particular focus on feasibility and professionalism.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, No. Z0516079
文摘BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke is often followed by the abnormalities of neurons and corticospinal tract, which can lead to corresponding clinical symptoms and signs. Recently, with the continuous perfection of high-field MRI instrument, it becomes possible to assess and investigate the cortical function and structural reconstruction following stroke by using MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). OBJECTIVE: To observe the cortical motor function and changes of corticospinal tracts by using MRI and DTI in the patients with ischemic stroke at acute period, compare with the normal subjects, and assess the damage of corticospinal tract and muscle strength.DESIGN : A case-control observation.SETTING: Department of Medical Imaging, Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. PARTICIPANTS : Nine inpatients (5 males and 4 females) with injury of motor function induced by acute ischemic stroke were selected from Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA between August and December in 2005, they aged 16-87 years with an average of 51 years old, and those with obvious conscious disturbances and severe cognitive disorders were excluded. At the same time, nine healthy right-handed physical examinees matched by age and gender with the patients were also selected, and they all had no nervous disease, epilepsy, mental diseases, cerebrovascular abnormalities and injury history, etc. All the subjects were informed with the detected items and agreed to participate in. METHODS: All the 9 patients with ischemic stroke at acute period and 9 healthy subjects were examined with MRI and DTI.① A block-based design was used in the MRI, the passive finger-to-finger exercise was used as the stimulative task, and the static condition was taken as the baseline task. The GE 1.5T MRI system was used, all the data were processed after off-line, and analyzed with the SPM2 software, the association between the activated area and local anatomy of brain was observed. ② The DTI image was processed with the dTV.Ⅱ.R1 software part of the anisotropic image and color anisotropic image were shown, and the three-dimensional white matter image of bilateral corticospinal tracts of the patients were reconstructed. ③ The muscle strength of the affected hand of the stroke patients was judged with the Brunnstorm standard. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The manifestations of MRI, DTI and corticospinal tracts of the 9 stroke patients were mainly observed. RESULTS: All the 9 stroke patients and 9 healthy subjects were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of MRI examination: The handed exercise of the healthy subjects mainly activated contralateral sensorimotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex and bilateral supplementary motor areas. For the exercise of ipsilateral hand of 7 stroke patients, contralateral sensorimotor cortex was weakly activated, but ipsilateral posterial parietal cortex was obviously activated, and the activation of cerebrum was observed in 3 of them. For the other two patients, bilateral sensorimotor cortexes were activated during the exercise of ipsilateral hand, and the ipsilateral activated area was greater than the controlateral one. The exercise of contralateral hand activated contralateral sensorimotor cortex, posterior parietal cortex and contralateral supplementary motor area, and no obvious ipsilateral activated area was observed.② Results of DTI examination: The anisotropic values of the infarcted area were obviously lower than those of the contralateral part (t=4.570, P 〈 0.01). the anisotropic value of the infarcted area were obviously was obviously correlated with bilateral muscle strength (t=0.888, P 〈 0.05). ③ Results of the examination for corticospinal tracts: The reconstruction of bilateral corticospinal tracts, contralateral anatomic form were generally identical with those of normal subjects, the consistency of each continuous form from anterior central gyrus downward to internal capsule to bridge of varolius and bulbus medullae. Because of the involvement of infarcted area to different extent, ipsilateral corticospinal tract was manifested by the interruption of succession and loss of consistency of anatomic structural form. The severity for the injury of corticospinal tract was markedly correlated with the muscle strength of the ipsilateral hand (r=0.888, P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION : ① The MRI manifestations of stroke patients during the exercise of affected hand are different from those of normal subjects, suggesting that there is compensation and reconstruction of brain function.② DTI examination is good for the judgement of the correlation between the damaged severity of infarction and muscle strength.③The damaged severity of corticospinal tracts is correlated with muscle strength, and it can be used to judge the prognosis of rehabilitative treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 70701002 and 70521001)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB705503)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Grant No HKU7187/05E)
文摘In this paper, we present a new car-following model by taking into account the effects of the traffic interruption probability on the car-following behaviour of the following vehicle. The stability condition of the model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The modified Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation is constructed and solved, and three types of traffic flows in the headway sensitivity space-stable, metastable, and unstable--are classified. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the traffic interruption probability indeed has an influence on driving behaviour, and the consideration of traffic interruption probability in the car-following model could stabilize traffic flow.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(40930637)Basic Science Research Special Item of the Instituteof Geology,China Earthquake Administration(DF-IGCEA-0608210)Special Research Program of China Earthquake Administration(200808079)
文摘Water flow from an artesian well stopped on December 17, 2007 but recovered when the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred on May 12, 2008. This well is located 90 km south of the epicenter in an extensional tectonic setting, where similar changes of water level and resistivity were observed at two other nearby sites. Our investigation suggests that this phenomenon was not caused by environmental disturbances, such as drought or borehole-drilling activity, but might be a precursor to the earthquake.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2011CB706506)National S&T Great Special of China(Grant Nos. 2012ZX04010011, 2011ZX04014-131)+1 种基金National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(Grant No. 51005204)Postdoctoral Fund of China(Grant No. 20100471000)
文摘The present research on moulded case circuit breaker(MCCB) focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration(IRI) is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms: main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part(virtual rigid) without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations(DAEs) of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations(ODEs) by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C++.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.
文摘To improve the limiting current interruption capability and minimizing vacuum interrupter with axial magnetic field (AMF) electrodes, it is significant to investigate the vacuum arc behaviours between the contacts. AMF distributions of the slot type electrodes were studied by both numerical analysis and experiments. Furthermore, the behaviours of vacuum arcs for different parameters of the slot type AMF electrodes were investigated by using high-speed CCD camera. The influences of gap distance, contact diameter and phase shift time between AMF and arc current on the vacuum arc were investigated. The results provide a reference for research and development of vacuum interrupters with slot type or other types of AMF electrode.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51977132)the Key Special Science and Technology Project of Liaoning Province(No.2020JH1/10100012)the General Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJKZ0126).
文摘The self-excited DC air circuit breaker(SE-DCCB)has been widely used in urban rail transit due to its excellent stability.It can realize forward and reverse interruption,but has difficulty interrupting small currents due to the phenomenon of arc root sticking at the entrance of the arc chamber in the splitting process,which is known as arc root stagnation.A coupling model of the self-excited magnetic field and magnetohydrodynamics is established for the SE-DCCB with the traditional structure.The magnetic field,temperature and airflow distribution in the arc chamber are investigated with an interrupting current of 150 A.The simulation results show that the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force are the dominant factors in the arc root stagnation.The local high temperature of the arc chamber due to arc root stagnation increases the obstruction effect of the airflow vortex on the arc root movement,which significantly increases the arc duration time of small current interruption.Based on the research,the structure of the magnetic conductance plate of the actual product is improved,which can improve the direction and magnitude of the magnetic blowout force at the arc root so as to restrain the development of the airflow vortex effectively and solve the problem of arc root stagnation when the small current is interrupted.The simulation results show that the circuit breaker with improved structure has a better performance for a small current interruption range from 100 A to 350 A.