Fiber optic monitoring of an anti-slide pile in a retrogressive landslide

Anti-slide piles are one of the most important reinforcement structures against landslides,and evalu-ating the working conditions is of great significance for landslide mitigation.The widely adopted analytical methods of pile internal forces include cantilever beam method and elastic foundation beam method.However,due to many assumptions involved in calculation,the analytical models cannot be fully applicable to complex site situations,e.g.landslides with multi-sliding surfaces and pile-soil interface separation as discussed herein.In view of this,the combination of distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)and strain-internal force conversion methods was proposed to evaluate the working conditions of an anti-sliding pile in a typical retrogressive landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area,China.Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry(BOTDR)was utilized to monitor the strain distri-bution along the pile.Next,by analyzing the relative deformation between the pile and its adjacent inclinometer,the pile-soil interface separation was profiled.Finally,the internal forces of the anti-slide pile were derived based on the strain-internal force conversion method.According to the ratio of calculated internal forces to the design values,the working conditions of the anti-slide pile could be evaluated.The results demonstrated that the proposed method could reveal the deformation pattern of the anti-slide pile system,and can quantitatively evaluate its working conditions.

Centrifuge and numerical modeling of h-type anti-slide pile reinforced soil-rock mixture slope

Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.

Anchoring Depth Research of Anti-Slide Piles of Anchor Bar in Soil

The model test result of earth force in the side of anti-slide pile of anchor bars was introduced.There are three groups of the tests.The loads were on the back side of the slope in two groups.The other one was loaded just behind the pile by the jack.In order to get the force of the soil,some earth-pressure boxes were used to get the earth pressure on the side of the piles.The part of the max pressure and the earth pressure was mainly focused under the slip line

Shaking table test for reinforcement of soil slope with multiple sliding surfaces by reinforced double-row anti-slide piles

Despite the continuous advancements of engineering construction in high-intensity areas,many engineering landslides are still manufactured with huge thrust force,and double-row piles are effective to control such large landslides.In this study,large shaking table test were performed to test and obtain multi-attribute seismic data such as feature image,acceleration,and dynamic soil pressure.Through the feature image processing analysis,the deformation characteristics for the slope reinforced by double-row piles were revealed.By analyzing the acceleration and the dynamic soil pressure time domain,the spatial dynamic response characteristics were revealed.Using Fast Fourier Transform and half-power bandwidth,the damping ratio of acceleration and dynamic soil pressure was obtained.Following that,the Seism Signal was used to calculate the spectral displacement of the accelerations to obtain the regional differences of spectral displacement.The results showed that the overall deformation mechanism of the slope originates from tension failure in the soil mass.The platform at the back of the slope was caused by seismic subsidence,and the peak acceleration ratio was positively correlated with the relative pile heights.The dynamic soil pressure of the front row piles showed an inverted"K"-shaped distribution,but that of the back row piles showed an"S"-shaped distribution.The predominant frequency of acceleration was 2.16 Hz,and the main frequency band was 0.7-6.87 Hz;for dynamic soil pressure,the two parameters became 1.15 Hz and 0.5-6.59 Hz,respectively.In conclusion,dynamic soil pressure was more sensitive to dampening effects than acceleration.Besides,compared to acceleration,dynamic soil pressure exhibited larger loss factors and lower resonance peaks.Finally,back row pile heads were highly sensitive to spectral displacement compared to front row pile heads.These findings may be of reference value for future seismic designs of double-row piles.

Interval finite element method and its application on anti-slide stability analysis

The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.

New method of designing anti-slide piles——the strength reduction FEM

At present,the thrust of an anti-slide pile can be worked out with some calculation methods. However,the resistance in front of the pile,the distributions of resistance and thrust,and appropriate pile length cannot be easily obtained. In this paper,the authors applied the strength-reduction finite element method (FEM) to several design cases of anti-slide piles. Using this method,it is possible to take the pile-soil interactions into consideration,obtain reasonable resistance in front of pile and the distributions of thrust and resistance,and reasonable lengths of anti-slide piles. In particular,the thrust and resistance imposed on embedded anti-slide piles can be calculated and composite anti-slide pile structures such as anchored piles and braced piles can be optimized. It is proved through the calculation examples that this method is more reliable and economical in the design of anti-slide pile.

Non-probabilistic fuzzy reliability analysis of pile foundation stability by interval theory

Randomness and fuzziness are among the attributes of the influential factors for stability assessment of pile foundation. According to these two characteristics, the triangular fuzzy number analysis approach was introduced to determine the probability-distributed function of mechanical parameters. Then the functional function of reliability analysis was constructed based on the study of bearing mechanism of pile foundation, and the way to calculate interval values of the functional function was developed by using improved interval-truncation approach and operation rules of interval numbers. Afterwards, the non-probabilistic fuzzy reliability analysis method was applied to assessing the pile foundation, from which a method was presented for non- probabilistic fuzzy reliability analysis of pile foundation stability by interval theory. Finally, the probability distribution curve of non- probabilistic fuzzy reliability indexes of practical pile foundation was concluded. Its failure possibility is 0.91%, which shows that the pile foundation is stable and reliable.

Dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row antisliding piles and pre-stressed anchor cables

Large-scale shaking table tests were conducted to study the dynamic response of a slope reinforced by double-row anti-sliding piles and prestressed anchor cables. The test results show that the reinforcement suppressed the acceleration amplification effectively. The axial force time histories are decomposed into a baseline part and a vibration part in this study. The baseline part of axial force well revealed the seismic slope stability, the peak vibration values of axial force of the anchor cables changed significantly in different area of the slope under seismic excitations. The peak lateral earth pressure acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope toe was much larger than that acting on the back of the anti-sliding pile located at the slope waist. The test results indicate an obvious load sharing ratio difference between these two anti-slide piles, the load sharing ratio between the two anti-sliding piles located at the slope toe and the slope waist varied mainly in a range of 2-5. The anti-slide pile at the slope waist suppressed the horizontal displacement of the slope surface.

Pre-Stressed Rope Reinforced Anti-Sliding Pile

Pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile is a composite anti-sliding structure. It is made up of pre-stressed rope and general anti-sliding pile. It can bring traditional anti-sliding pile＇s retaining performance into full play, and to treat with landslide fast and economically. The difference between them is that the pre-stressed rope will transfix the whole anti- sliding pile through a prearranged pipe in this structure. The working mechanics, the design method and economic benefit are studied. The results show that the pre-stressed rope reinforced anti-sliding pile can treat with the small and middle landslides or high slopes well and possess the notable advantage of technology and economic.

Shaking Table Tests on Bridge Foundation Reinforced by Antislide Piles on Slope

Based on the requirement of seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on slope in the Chengdu-Lanzhou railway project,a shaking table model test of anti-slide pile protecting bridge foundation in landslide section is designed and completed. By applying Wenchuan seismic waves with different acceleration peaks,the stress and deformation characteristics of bridge pile foundation and anti-slide pile are analyzed,and the failure mode is discussed. Results show that the dynamic response of bridge pile and anti-slide pile are affected by the peak value of seismic acceleration of earthquake,with which the stress and deformation of the structure increase. The maximum dynamic earth pressure and the moment of anti-slide piles are located near the sliding surface,while that of bridge piles are located at the top of the pile. Based on the dynamic response of structure,local reinforcement needs to be carried out to meet the requirement of the seismic design. The PGA amplification factor of the surface is greater than the inside,and it decreases with the increase of the input seismic acceleration peak. When the slope failure occurs,the tension cracks are mainly produced in the shallow sliding zone and the coarse particles at the foot of the slope are accumulated.

Study on distribution rule of sliding pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force acting on anti-sliding pile

Anti-slide pile is one of the important methods to administer landslide geological disaster because of its advantages.It plays important role in administering landslide.It is a premise of reasonable economy and technological advance to know the distribution rule and feature of the force between anti-sliding pile and surrounding rock.To determine the sliding force and remnant resistant sliding force,according to need of study,this paper sets up the geological model and mechanics model in term of a typical landslide,and analyzes the effect rule of sliding body distortion,strength and gravity to the pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force by use of the numerical model.The distribution rule of pushing force and remnant resistant sliding force of the type of landslide is given.

3-D Simulation Study on Seismic Response of Bridge Piles in Landslide

The anti-slide support structure is widely used in the anti-seismic reinforcement of bridge foundations,but related experimental research was processing slowly. Based on the prototype of the Jiuzhaigou bridge at the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway,a 3-D simulation model was established on the basis of the shaking table model test,and the rationality of the dynamic analysis model was verified by indicators such as the bending moment of the bridge piles,peak soil pressure,and PGA amplification factors. The results show that the inertia force of the bridge pier has an important influence on the deformation of the pile foundation. The bending moment and shearing force are larger in lateral bridge piles,and the maximum value is near the pile top. The PGA amplification factor is stronger in the back of the rear anti-slide piles and so is it in front of the bridge pier,and the soil is prone to slip and damage. The bedrock is rigid and the dynamic response is maintained at a low level. The anti-slide piles in the rear row play a major role in the anti-seismic reinforcement design,and the anti-slide piles in the front row can be used as an auxiliary support structure.

Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

建筑基坑施工对地铁隧道的影响分析及施工对策研究

以碧悦广场基坑位于地铁7号线北延段陈村站—陈村北站区间隧道上方的施工为实例,建立基坑与区间的三维数值模型,对地下室桩基施工及基坑开挖对区间隧道的影响进行数值模拟分析研究,结果表明:(1)地下室桩基钻孔过程中,隧道整体变形较小,隧道基本处于安全可控状态;(2)基坑开挖过程中管片结构内力满足强度、刚度等要求;(3)基坑施工过程中应尽量减小对地层的扰动,确保既有隧道安全。研究成果证明了该建筑桩基施工及基坑开挖对区间隧道的影响安全可控,并给出了相关施工控制措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。

隧道施工对既有群桩基础变形的影响

为了研究隧道施工对邻近群桩的影响,本文利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了盾构隧道下穿既有群桩模型。通过对比隧道开挖过程中地面沉降、群桩位移以及隧道拱顶沉降分析盾构隧道开挖对既有群桩位移的影响。结果表明:隧道拱顶与群桩桩端的最佳净距为5 m。隧道开挖对长桩影响较大,其中最短桩与最长桩桩端沉降相差22%;盾构隧道开挖会导致邻近群桩产生水平位移,桩轴线到隧道中轴线距离越大桩体水平位移越大。桩体位移增量受桩长以及桩轴线到隧道中轴线的距离影响较大,桩长越长,桩轴线到隧道中轴线距离越大,位移增量越小。本文研究可为既有桩基临近盾构隧道开挖工程的设计与施工提供理论指导。

盾构隧道近侧穿复建桥桩基扰动分析

随着城市地下轨道交通的快速发展,越来越多的地铁区间隧道下穿城市地表建筑物基础,盾构推进开挖过程对临近桩基产生扰动,可能引起桩基倾斜甚至倒塌,同时盾构隧道开挖过程易引起地表和地层沉降。采用Midas GTS NX 2020软件对嘉善地铁区间隧道近侧穿复建智果桥桩基进行了仿真分析,获取了掘进过程中临近桩基偏移变化规律、地表沉降规律。研究表明:区间隧道最大沉降位于隧洞中线正上方地表;单侧隧洞开挖引起的桩顶向近隧道方向偏移;双隧道贯通后,区间隧道外侧桩基偏移继续增大,两隧道之间的桩基偏移减小。研究具有理论价值,并对同类工程开挖施工具有参考意义。

洞桩法车站小净距下穿运营线路施工力学分析

基于某近接下穿运营线路区间新建洞桩法车站工程,采用数值分析软件对施工过程进行模拟分析,研究运营线路区间变形规律、最大及最小主应力变化趋势和发生位置;现场施工监测的发展趋势、发生位置均与模拟结果拟合度较高,且现场监测值均满足规范要求。

Limit analysis on seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes with anti-slide piles

This study employs the limit analysis method to evaluate the seismic stability of anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes stabilized with anti-slide piles. The pseudo-static approach is used to simplify the earthquake load. The yield seismic acceleration factor is obtained from the optimization procedure and the results are verified with the published data. Then, the seismically-unstable slope is reinforced with anti-slide piles, and the seismic stability of the reinforced slope is explored. The results show that the anisotropy and nonhomogeneity of soils have significant effects on the stabilizing force required from the anti-slide piles and the optimal location of the pile is near the toe of the slope.

橡胶混凝土隔离桩对隧道振动辐射的阻隔作用

为减少城市轨道交通运营过程中经由隧道区间传播至地表的振动,基于雄安至北京大兴机场R1线明挖区间,对区间内橡胶混凝土隔离桩隔离进行研究。采用ABAQUS建立隧道-地层模型,对等高式、上穿式、下插式、阻隔式等四种工况进行减振效果分析。研究结果表明:等高式工况,最大可使地表振动加速度减小28.5%,振动加速度级降低5.5%;上穿式工况,最大可使地表振动加速度减小27.2%,振动加速度级降低2.1%;下插式工况,对辐射振动的整体阻隔作用显著,最大使地表振动加速度减小28.1%,振动加速度级降低5.4%;阻隔式工况,最大可使地表振动加速度减小25.9%,振动加速度级降低4.4%。

地铁区间隧道下穿邻近高架桥桩基础变形分析

[目的]隧道侧穿或下穿高架桥的施工情况及相关研究越来越多,但是对于双隧道下穿临近高架桥且以粉土为主要成分地质条件的案例研究较少。[方法]本研究以深圳地铁7号线西丽~珠光(DK2+420~DK5+190)段盾构区间下穿高速高架桥为背景,建立三维数值计算模型对墩顶位移和离隧道最近桩节点位移变化进行分析研究。[结果]研究表明:墩顶横向位移在先行隧道贯通前逐渐增大,但随着后行隧道的开挖,桩基两侧的土体产生的土压力逐渐平衡,墩顶横向位移逐渐减小,向初始位置靠近;墩顶纵向位移随着隧道开挖逐渐增大,位移方向同盾构掘进方向相反;墩顶竖向位移随着盾构掘进逐渐增大;双隧道两侧桥桩横向位移随着隧道的开挖和墩顶力的共同作用,位移逐渐增大,左右线贯通后达到最大值,但双隧道中间桥桩随着右侧隧道掘进,由于两侧土体产生的土压力逐渐平衡,横向位移逐渐减小,向初始位置靠近。[结论]下穿邻近高架桥的粉土地层的地铁隧道,应根据其工程变形规律,避免对既有工程造成影响,本研究对于同类型工程设计和研究具有一定参考。