Intestinal Microbial Community Differs between Acute Pancreatitis Patients and Healthy Volunteers

A case control study including 45 acute pancreatitis and 44 healthy volunteers was performed to investigate the association between intestinal microbial community and acute pancreatitis. High-throughput 16S r RNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the microbiological composition of the samples. In total, 27 microbial phyla were detected and the samples of pancreatitis patients contained fewer phyla. Samples from acute pancreatitis patients contained more Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and fewer Firmicutes and Actinobacteria than those from healthy volunteers. PCo A analyses distinguished the fecal microbial communities of acute pancreatitis patients from those of healthy volunteers. The intestinal microbes of acute pancreatitis patients are different from those of healthy volunteers. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome may serve as an alternative strategy for treating acute pancreatitis.

Comparative analysis of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and orally infected ducklings with Salmonella enteritidis by ERIC-PCR

AIM: To analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and (S. enteritidis) orally infected ducklings.METHODS: Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum from healthy ducklings and 7-day-old ducklings after oral infection with S. enteritidis at different time points.RESULTS: The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy ducklings was steady and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control healthy ducklings were the least with rectum and were the most with caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated ducklings did not obviously change until 24 h after inoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 h to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 d p.i. The prominent bacteria changed because of S. enteritidis infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected ducklings with SE.CONCLUSION: This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial community diversity and dynamic change of healthy and S. enteritidis orally infected ducklings, and valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. enteritidis infection in both human and animals.

PCR-DGGE analysis of intestinal bacteria and effect of Bacillus spp.on intestinal microbial diversity in kuruma shrimp(Marsupenaeus japonicus)

In this study,the intestinal microbiota of kuruma shrimp(Marsupenaeus japonicus) was examined by molecular analysis of the 16S rDNA to identify the dominant intestinal bacteria and to investigate the effects of Bacillus spp.on intestinal microbial diversity.Samples of the intestines of kuruma shrimp fed normal feed and Bacillus spp.amended feed.PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) analyses were then performed on DNA extracted directly from the guts.Population fingerprints of the predominant organisms were generated by DGGE analysis of the universal V3 16S rDNA amplicons,and distinct bands in the gels were sequenced.The results suggested that the gut of kuruma shrimp was dominated by Vibrio sp.and uncultured gamma proteobacterium.Overall,the results of this study suggest that PCR-DGGE is a possible method of studying the intestinal microbial diversity of shrimp.

Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health

The complex gut microbial flora harbored by individuals(microbiota) has long been proposed to contribute tointestinal health as well as disease. Pre-and probioticproducts aimed at improving health by modifyingmicrobiota composition have already become widelyavailable and acceptance of these products appearsto be on the rise. However, although required forthe development of effective microbiota basedinterventions, our basic understanding of microbiotavariation on a population level and its dynamics withinindividuals is still rudimentary. Powerful new parallelsequence technologies combined with other efficientmolecular microbiota analysis methods now allow forcomprehensive analysis of microbiota composition inlarge human populations. Recent fi ndings in the fi eldstrongly suggest that microbiota contributes to thedevelopment of obesity, atopic diseases, inflammatorybowel diseases and intestinal cancers. Through theongoing National Institutes of Health Roadmap 'HumanMicrobiome Project' and similar projects in other partsof the world, a large coordinated effort is currentlyunderway to study how microbiota can impact humanhealth. Translating findings from these studies intoeffective interventions that can improve health,possibly personalized based on an individuals existingmicrobiota, will be the task for the next decade(s).

Influence of Lactobacillus plantarum supplemented diet on growth response,gut morphometry and microbial profile in gut of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

Objective:To evaluate the influence of dietary inclusions of Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)on growth response,gut morphometry and intestinal microbial profile of Clarias gariepinus(C.gariepinus)fingerlings was carried out using a total of 150 C.gariepinus fingerlings(2.35±0.48 g/fish)by selecting at random into five treatments groups of 10 fish in 3 three replicates each.Methods:L.plantarum isolated from corn slurry was cultured using standard measures.Five isonitrogenous diets were prepared at 35%crude protein(T_(0),T_(1),T2,T_(3)and T_(4))with L.plantarum at inclusion rate of 0.0%,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%and 2.0%respectively.The fish were fed at 5%body weight per day for 12 weeks twice daily.Results:T_(4)recorded the highest mean weight gain and specific growth rate while the lowest was obtained in T_(1).T_(4)(1.97)when compared with other treatments had marginally lower feed conversion ratio.Absorptive area was most significantly higher in T_(3)and T_(4)group when compared to the control(T_(0))and other lower dietary probiotic inclusion groups.Cryptal depth was highest in T_(4)with significant difference which also gave the maximum enterobacteriaceae count while T_(0)recorded the least count.Conclusions:From these indications,L.plantarum fortified diets may enhance the growth of cultured C.gariepinus fingerlings at 2.0%inclusion rate as it was observed to improve body weight gain,feed conversion ratio with increment in the absorptive area and the microbial count in the gut.