Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Quality control of ultrasonic measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness

Background To report quality control methods and baseline reproducibility data of the ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness in the project of Establishment of an Integrated System for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention and Treatment. Methods Standard ultrasound scanning and measuring protocols were established by the study group. All sonographers and readers were trained by the carotid ultrasound core lab and all digital ultrasound images were centrally read. Ten subjects were scanned twice （with 1 week interval） by 2 sonographers independently and images were read by a single reader to evaluate the sonographer variability. Twenty subjects＇ images were read twice （with 1 week interval） by a single reader to assess the reader variability and the reproducibility of IMT measured at different carotid segments. Results The intraclass correlation （ICC） of intra- and inter-sonographer and intra- reader for mean IMT measurements was 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 respectively; while for max IMT, it was 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Among different carotid segments and sites, ICC for mean 1MT measurements of common carotid （CCA）, carotid artery bulb （Bulb）, internal carotid artery （ICA）, overall near wall and overall far wall was 0.97, 0.99, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.98 respectively. Conclusion The reproducibility of IMT measurements according to our protocol is acceptable, although better reproducibility is found when measuring the mean IMT than max IMT, CCA and Bulb IMT than ICA IMT, and far wall IMT than near wall IMT.

Ultrasound Assessraent of Intima-media Thickness and Diameter of Carotid Arteries in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation

Renal transplant （RT） recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial. The carotid intima-media thickness （CIMT） and diameter （CD） are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis. In this study, 31 patients with hemodialysis （HD）, 31 RT recipients and 84 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking, and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors. Compared with HD group, RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD. CIMT was found to be associated with age, body weight, resistance index and diastolic velocity, while CD was associated significantly with age, body weight, pulsatility index, end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, respectively. The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control, RT and HD groups, and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT 〉 control 〉 HD groups. It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients. RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Coronary atherosclerosis burden is not advanced in patients with β-thalassemia despite premature extracardiac atherosclerosis： a coronary artery calcium score and carotid intima-media thickness study

Background Thalassemic patients demonstrate an increased rate of extracardiae vascular complications and increased carotid wall intima-media thickness （cIMT）, but very low prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD）. We investigated the atheroma burden by assessing the coronary artery calcium （CAC） and elMT in these patients. Methods We examined 37 patients with β-thalassemia and 150 healthy control volunteers with multi-detector computer tomography （CT） and ultrasonography to determine CAC score and cIMT, respectively. Results Propensity score matching （C-statistic： 0.88; 95% CI： 0.83-0.93） resulted in 27 pairs of patients; severe CAC was observed in 2 （7.4%） and 0 of β-thalassemia patients and healthy volunteers respectively （P = 0.5）. Median calcium score was 0 （0-0） in β-thalassemia patients and 0 （0-4） in healthy volunteers （P = 0.8）. Median intima-media thickness was higher in β-thalassemia patients compared to control group [0.45 （0.06-0.65） vs. 0.062 （0.054-0.086）; P = 0.04]. Conclusions Patients with β-thalassemia in comparison with healthy control subjects exhibit similar CAC score and increased cIMT. Our findings indicate a disparate rate of progression of atherosclerosis between coronary and extracardiac arteries in these patients lending support to the epidemiological evidence.

A REVIEW ON ARTERY WALL SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS MEASUREMENT FOR CAROTID ULTRASOUND IMAGES

Stroke and heart attack,which could be led by a kind of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease named as atherosclerosis,would seriously cause human morbidity and mortality.It is important for the early stage diagnosis and monitoring medical intervention of the atherosclerosis.Carotid stenosis is a classical atherosclerotic lesion with vessel wall narrowing down and accumulating plaques burden.The carotid artery of intima-media thickness(IMT)is a key indicator to the disease.With the development of computer assisted diagnosis technology,the imaging techniques,segmentation algorithms,measurement methods,and evaluation tools have made considerable progress.Ultrasound imaging,being real-time,economic,reliable,and safe,now seems to become a standard in vascular assessment methodology especially for the measurement of IMT.This review firstly attempts to discuss the clinical relevance of measurements in clinical practice at first,and then followed by the challenges that one has to face when approaching the segmentation of ultrasound images.Secondly,the commonly used methods for the IMT segmentation and measurement are presented.Thirdly,discussion and evaluation of different segmentation techniques are performed.An overview of summary and future perspectives is given finally.

Relationship between peripheral arterial disease, carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in elderly diabetic patients

Purpose: To study the association between carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) level as markers for PAD in elderly patients with DM. Subjects: A case-control study on 90 participants aged 60 years and older divided into 60 cases (30 patients with DM alone and 30 patients with DM and comorbidities) and 30 healthy controls. All were assessed by measuring CIMT, ankle brachial index (AB), and markers for cardiovascular disease such as high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results: hs-CRP levels showed statistically significant difference being highest among patients with DM and comorbidities and lowest among controls (P < 0.001). Also, symptoms of PAD were significantly higher among cases than controls. ABI was able to detect PAD in many asymptomatic patients. Color changes were present in only 43.30% (n = 26) of positive PAD cases while delayed wound healing, claudication pain, rest pain, cold extremities, and trophic changes were present in 23.30% (n = 14), 16.71% (n = 10), 16.71% (n = 10), 45.00% (n = 27), and 21.7% (n = 13). Using logistic regression analysis revealed that DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP were independent predictors for PAD (OR = 4.194, 7.236, 1.003;P value = 0.044, 0.25, 0.031) after adjustment of other coronary risk factors such as sex, smoking, hypertension, TC, and TG. Conclusion: Diabetic elderly have higher prevalence of asymptomatic PAD thannon-diabetics using solely ABI. DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP are independent predictors for the occurrence of PAD. Hs-CRP levels are highest among diabetics with comorbidities.

Correlation between Waist Circumference and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Women from Shanghai, China

Objective To evaluate whether waist circumference （WC） 〉85 cm is related to asymptomatic preclinical atherosclerosis in women from Shanghai, China. Methods A total of 2365 females aged 〉20 years recruited from 4 communities underwent physical examination and carotid artery scanning. Their carotid intima-media thickness （C-iMT） was measured. Results The C-IMT was significantly higher in overweight or obese women with their BMI 〉25.0 kg/m2 {P〈O.01） and in those with their WC _〉85 cm than in those with their WC 〈85 cm （P〈O.01）. Spearman and partial correlation analysis showed that the C-IMT was significantly correlated with WC which was independent of menopausal status. The C-IMT significantly increased with the increasing WC and reached to a platform in about 85 cm. An increment tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC 〈 85 cm （P〈O.01） while no significant tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC_〉85 cm （P=0.07）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the WC was an independent risk factor for C-IMT. In logistic regression model, the odd ratio of WC _〉80 cm, _〉80 cm and 〈85 cm and 〉85 cm for evaluating the risk of C-IMT elevation was 2.632, 2.501, and 1.878, respectively. Conclusion WC is significantly correlated with C-IMT in women from Shanghai, China, and WC_〉85 cm may be used in identifying the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.

Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Diabetes Clinical Risk Factors among Normotensive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Native Black African Population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with atherosclerosis with changes in the thickness of the intima-media of carotid arteries which causes increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. The carotid artery reflects the degree of atherosclerosis in the various vessels especially coronary arteries. Measurement of the carotid artery thickness with real time, relatively cheap and non-invasive ultrasonography method is used in monitoring atherosclerotic disease progression and response to treatment. This study is aimed at ultrasonographic evaluation of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adult Type 2 Diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic healthy controls matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). And to also determine its association if any with selected clinical factors among a native Black African population. Methodology: This was a prospective case control study involving 54 adult type 2 diabetics and 54 adult non-diabetic controls. CIMT was measured at 3 segments of the extracranial carotid arteries by a 7.5 - 10 MHz linear transducer of a portable Mindray M5 ultrasound machine. Results: Among the native black African population studied, there was significant difference in CIMT of adult type 2 diabetics compared to healthy non-diabetics adults (p value = 0.012 and 0.001 on the right and left respectively). The mean carotid intima-media thickness in diabetics was 0.81 mm and 0.85 mm, while in non-diabetics it was 0.74 mm and 0.75 mm on the right and left respectively. The presence of diabetes showed independent positive correlation with CIMT (beta: 0.24, p value = 0.004). Age (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.001) and plasma cholesterol level (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.013) also had positive correlation with CIMT. Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference in carotid intima-media thickness between adult type 2 diabetics and age, sex matched non-diabetics. DM showed independent correlation with CIMT.

Clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness in a population with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

AIM To determine the clinical and dietary predictors of common carotid artery intima media thickness(CCA IMT) in a cohort of subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants with type 1(n = 23) and type 2 diabetes(n = 127) had mean and mean maximum CCA IMT measured using B mode ultrasound. Dietary intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Clinical and dietary predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were determined using linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The main predictors of mean and mean maximum CCA IMT were age and weight. After multivariate adjustment there were no dietary predictors of CCA IMT. However,in subjects that were not prescribed a lipid lowering medication alcohol consumption was positively associated with CCA IMT after multivariate adjustment. No difference existed in CCA IMT between subjects with type 1 or type 2 diabetes once age was adjusted for. CONCLUSION CCA IMT was predominantly predicted by age and weight in these subjects with diabetes. The finding that CCA IMT was not different between people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes warrants further investigation in a larger cohort.

Reference values of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults based on ultrasound radio frequency signal:A nationwide,multicenter study

Background:Carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and diameter,stiffness,and wave reflections,are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases.The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods:A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults(1922 women)aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022.The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency(RF)ultrasound system.The IMT,diameter,compliance coefficient,βstiffness,local pulse wave velocity(PWV),local systolic blood pressure,augmented pressure(AP),and augmentation index(AIx)were then automatically measured and reported.Data were stratified by age groups and sex.The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions.The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation,multiple linear regression,and analyses of covariance.Results:All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories.Women showed thinner IMT,smaller carotid diameter,larger AP,and AIx than men.Theβstiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties,but the differences reversed after that.The increase rate of carotid IMT(5.5µm/year in women and 5.8µm/year in men)and diameter(0.03 mm/year in both men and women)were similar between men and women.For the stiffness and wave reflections,women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes(all P for age by sex interaction<0.05).The blood pressures,body mass index(BMI),and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex.Conclusions:The age-and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established.The blood pressures,BMI,and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

Relationship of plasma homocysteine, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box 1 protein with carotid intima-media thickness in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 2017 to May 2020 were chosen as research objects.According to c-IMT,they were divided into the normal group(n=35),the mild to moderate group(n=41)and the severe group(n=24).The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were compared between groups respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 with c-IMT.Results:The comparison in plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 and c-IMT among the three groups of patients was of statistical significance(p<.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated with c-IMT in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(r=.627,.598,.614;p<.05).Conclusions:The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 are abnormally increased in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and related to c-IMT,which can provide a strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment by detecting their levels in clinical practice.

Metformin effect on internal carotid artery blood flow assessed by area under the curve of carotid artery Doppler in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

BACKGROUND Insulin resistance(IR)was reported in most polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)cases.Metformin,a biguanide drug,successfully reduced IR.Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR(HOMA-IR)and Doppler parameters assessed metformin's effectiveness.AIM To verify whether the area under the curve of the internal carotid artery(AUC-ICA)Doppler wave can be a useful marker for assessing IR among PCOS cases who presented with menstrual irregularity and were treated with metformin over 6 mo.METHODS An observational,cross-sectional study recruited 54 eligible PCOS women;the anthropometrics were as follows:age,body mass index(BMI),menstrual cycle days,biochemical serum cholesterol,low and high-density lipoprotein,sex hormone-binding globulin,fasting blood glucose,and HOMA-IR,hormonal testosterone,luteinizing hormone over follicle-stimulating hormone ratio,and ultrasonic pulsatility index(PI)and resistance index(RI),carotid artery intima-media thickness(CIMT)and(AUC-ICA)parameters were initially recorded and repeated 3 mo and 6 mo later with metformin tab 500 mg;three times/day for 6 mo.In addition,AUC-ICA was assessed by taking repeated systolic and diastolic wave height measurements.RESULTS Metformin caused a progressive reduction in BMI,menstrual cycle days,biochemical hormonal,and Doppler parameters(CIMT,PI,RI,and AUC-ICA).AUC-ICA correlated strongly to all PCOS parameters.AUC-ICA correlated inversely with treatment time(r=-0.98,P<0.001)and positively with HOMA-IR(r=0.98,P<0.0001).Via the best subset regression model,the AUC-ICA had the highest predictive value for HOMA-IR.CONCLUSION AUC-ICA preceded PI,RI,and CIMT with a strong,meaningful correlation to all PCOS parameters,making it a reliable marker for the assessment of IR,especially during metformin therapy.Further studies are recommended to promote the application in practice.

Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated.METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease.RESULTS: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness.CONCLUSION: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

Detection of carotid artery fluid dynamics and serum inflammatory factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective:To explore the value of fluid dynamic parameters and inflammatory factors in the prediction of early atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 126 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted to our hospital from March 2015 to July 2016 were selected as study subjects and divided into non atherosclerotic group (61 cases) and atherosclerosis group (65 cases)according to carotid artery IMT. At the same time, 60 healthy persons were selected as the control group. The fluid dynamics indexes (PSV, EDV and MV) and serum inflammatory factors (MCP-1, TNF-α and hs-CRP) were detected in the three groups.Results: There were no significant differences in PSV, EDV and MV between left and right carotid arteries in non-atherosclerotic group and control group. PSV, EDV and MV of left and right carotid artery were significantly lower in atherosclerosis group than those in control group. The carotid artery PSV, EDV and MV of left and right in atherosclerosis group were also significantly lower than those of non-atherosclerosis group. The MCP-1, TNF-α and hs-CRP levels in the non-atherosclerosis group were respectively (417.10±78.54), (85.72±9.97) and (3.73±0.61), significantly higher than those in the control group. The MCP-1, TNF-αand hs-CRP levels in atherosclerosis group were respectively (532.95±97.48), (123.56±12.85) and (5.39±0.74) , significantly higher than those in the control group and non-atherosclerosis group.Conclusion:Hydrodynamic parameters and serum inflammatory factors can be used as diagnostic criteria for carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients, and provide guidance for the early diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

TyG和TyG-BMI与冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的分析冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与TyG及TyG-BMI的关系。方法选取2021年1月~2022年12月天津市人民医院心内科收治并进行冠脉造影和颈动脉超声检查患者592例为研究对象。依据冠脉造影结果分为正常对照组(n=103)及CAD组(n=489)。收集患者临床资料,计算TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平。分析TyG和TyG-BMI与冠心病患者颈动脉病变程度的相关性。结果与正常对照组比较,CAD组TyG指数和TyGBMI水平明显升高(均P<0.01)。按照Gensini评分三分位数将患者分为三组,中分组(均P<0.05)和高分组(均P<0.01)TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平显著高于低分组。高分组TyG指数和TyG-BMI水平显著高于中分组(均P<0.01)。Spearman相关性分析显示TyG与TyG-BMI和Gensini评分呈现正相关,且TyG指数关联性更强(均P<0.01)。与颈动脉正常组相比,颈动脉粥样硬化组TyG指数更高(P<0.01),TyG-BMI更高(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析发现年龄(OR=1.114,95%CI:1.05~1.18,P<0.01)与高血压(OR=2.913,95%CI:1.27~6.70,P<0.05)是颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素),HDL-C(OR=0.108,95%CI:0.03~0.43,P<0.01)是保护因素。多元Logistic回归分析结果提示高水平TyG和TyG-BMI是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。以颈动脉正常为参照,排除混杂因素(如性别、年龄、BMI、收缩压、吸烟史、高血压病史、糖尿病史、药物服用情况)后,高TyG指数组CAD患者发生颈动脉斑块形成的风险是低TyG组的2.56倍,高TyG-BMI组发生颈动脉斑块的风险是低水平TyG-BMI组的4.35倍。Spearman相关性分析发现,TyG指数和颈动脉斑块厚度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而TyGBMI和斑块厚度无相关。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG指数对冠心病患者合并颈动脉斑块形成具有较好的预测价值。结论TyG指数和TyG-BMI是冠心病患者颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素,且TyG指数对颈动脉斑块的预测价值优于TyG-BMI。

早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉全息血管硬度及影响因素分析

目的评估早发型2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉弹性功能,并分析影响其弹性的因素。资料与方法前瞻性分析2020年10月—2021年8月河南省人民医院2型糖尿病患者子女63例,根据其父母糖尿病发病年龄(<40岁为早发型,≥40岁为晚发型)分为父母早发糖尿病子女组(早发组,32例)和父母晚发糖尿病子女组(晚发组,31例)。同期选择32例年龄、性别及体重指数相匹配的健康志愿者作为对照组。应用全息血管内-中膜厚度测量和全息血管硬度分析技术测量受试者颈总动脉内-中膜厚度、血管壁位移、血管收缩期管径、硬度指数和脉搏波传导速度,比较上述参数的组间差异。结果早发组颈动脉内-中膜厚度、脉搏波传导速度、硬度指数高于晚发组及对照组(t=0.054~1.228,P均<0.05),血管壁位移低于晚发组及对照组(t=0.048、0.109,P<0.05)。结论2型糖尿病患者子女颈动脉僵硬度明显高于正常对照组,且早发组的颈动脉弹性下降较晚发组更明显。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病严重程度与颈动脉斑块、内-中膜厚度相关性研究及危险因素分析

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)严重程度与颈动脉斑块、内-中膜厚度(cIMT)之间的关系,并分析其危险因素。方法:收集2021年1至11月行肝脏、颈动脉超声检查并诊断为NAFLD的患者154例,评估患者NAFLD严重程度、颈动脉斑块及血管狭窄程度测量患者cIMT值,计算肝纤维化评分,并进行统计学分析。结果:NAFLD轻度组患者cIMT值、血管狭窄发生率低于中-重度组患者(W=6905.500,P<0.001);有颈动脉斑块组患者cIMT值明显高于无颈动脉斑块组患者(W=3361.500,P<0.001);BMI是NAFLD严重程度的独立危险因素,年龄和NAFLD严重程度是cIMT的独立危险因素,年龄、高血压、肝纤维化评分是颈动脉斑块出现的独立危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NAFLD患者cIMT的增加、颈动脉狭窄与NAFLD严重程度有关,其颈动脉斑块发生率与cIMT呈正相关。另外,其肝纤维化评分增加,对颈动脉斑块出现也有提示意义。

Evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid arterial stiffness in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Background:Adenotonsillar hypertrophy can produce cardiopulmonary disease in children.However,it is unclear whether adenotonsillar hypertrophy causes atherosclerosis.This study evaluated carotid intimamedia thickness and carotid arterial stiffness in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.Methods:The study included 40 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy(age:5-10 years)and 36 healthy children with similar age and body mass index.Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and pulse pressure were measured in all subjects.Carotid intima-media thickness,carotid arterial systolic diameter,and carotid arterial diastolic diameter were measured using a high-resolution ultrasound device.Based on these measurements,carotid arterial strain,carotid artery distensibility,beta stiffness index,and elasticity modulus were calculated.Results:Carotid intima-media thickness was greater in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy(0.36±0.05 mm vs.0.34±0.04 mm,P=0.02)compared to healthy controls.Beta stiffness index(3.01±1.22 vs.2.98±0.98,P=0.85),elasticity modulus(231.39±99.23 vs.226.46±83.20,P=0.88),carotid arterial strain(0.17±0.06 vs.0.17±0.04,P=0.95),and carotid artery distensibility(13.14±3.88 vs.12.92±3.84,P=0.75)were similar between children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the healthy controls.Conclusions:The present study revealed increased carotid intima-media thickness in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.The risk of subclinical atherosclerosis may be higher in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3及CTRP9水平与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者血清C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白(CTRP)3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法 前瞻性纳入2020年12月至2023年5月河北北方学院附属第一医院收治的急性脑梗死患者87例作为观察组,另选取同期在该院体检的健康者85名作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测两组研究对象血清中CTRP3、CTRP9水平,并通过彩色多普勒超声系统测量颈总动脉IMT。比较两组研究对象的血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平及颈总动脉IMT,比较两组研究对象的颈总动脉硬化程度,不同动脉硬化程度急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平,分析血清CTRP3,CTRP9水平与急性脑梗死患者颈总动脉IMT的相关性。结果 观察组患者的血清CTRP3、CTRP9水平分别为(238.34±65.23)、(138.34±52.65)ng/mL,均明显低于对照组[(372.14±83.47)、(249.25±78.32)ng/mL],颈总动脉IMT为(1.34±0.41) mm,显著高于对照组[(0.74±0.12)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的颈总动脉硬化程度正常占比为9.20%,明显低于对照组(72.94%),内膜增厚和斑块形成占比分别为31.03%、57.47%,均明显高于对照组(17.64%、9.41%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着颈总动脉IMT的增加,血清CTRP3和CTRP9的水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CTRP3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉IMT均呈负相关(r=-0.461、-0.592,P<0.05),而CTRP3和CTRP9之间呈正相关(r=0.498,P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者血清CTRP3和CTRP9水平与颈总动脉IMT有明显负相关性。CTRP3和CTRP9可能作为动脉粥样硬化和急性脑梗死的潜在生物标志物,为临床预测和干预缺血性脑卒中提供重要信息。

老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者Crouse积分、IMT与瓣膜钙化程度的关系

目的探讨老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者颈动脉斑块积分(Crouse积分)、内膜中层厚度(intima media thickness,IMT)与瓣膜钙化程度的关系。方法回顾性分析2020年4月至2023年3月收治的106例老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者的临床资料(观察组)。另选择90例颈动脉粥样硬化的非心脏瓣膜病患者作为对照组1、选取95例非老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者作为对照组2。单因素方差分析检验三组Crouse积分、IMT、管腔狭窄程度及老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病不同心瓣膜钙化程度患者Crouse积分、IMT。Pearson分析Crouse积分、IMT与心瓣膜钙化程度的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Crouse积分、IMT对老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者瓣膜钙化的预测价值。结果观察组Crouse积分、IMT、管腔狭窄程度均明显高于对照组1和对照组2(P<0.05)。老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病不同心瓣膜钙化程度患者Crouse积分、IMT比较:1级<2级<3级(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,Crouse积分、IMT与老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病瓣膜钙化程度均呈明显正相关关系(r=0.585、0.623,P<0.05)。绘制Crouse积分、IMT预测老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者瓣膜钙化的ROC曲线示,Crouse积分、IMT联合预测的AUC为0.802(95%CI为0.738~0.867),明显高于各指标单一预测的AUC,最佳诊断敏感度和特异度分别为0.887、0.794(P<0.05)。结论老年钙化性心脏瓣膜病患者Crouse积分、IMT存在异常增高,且与瓣膜钙化程度呈正相关,测量上述指标有助于对心脏瓣膜钙化程度进行评估。