Relationship of Intracellular Free Ca^(2+) Concentration and Calcium-activated Chloride Channels of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Rats under Hypoxic Conditions

To investigate the relationship between intracellular free Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋ ]i ） and calcium-activated chloride （Clca） channels of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells （PASMCs） in rats under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca^2＋ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca^2＋ ]i of rat PASMCs under normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The effect of Clca channels on PASMCs proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The Clca channel blockers niflumic acid （NFA） and indaryloxyacetic acid （IAA-94） exerted inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in the pulmonary artery. Under chronic hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i was increased. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ If was （123.634-18.98） nmol/ L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca^2＋]i wag （281. 754-16.48） nmol/L （P〈0. 01）. Under normoxic condition, [Ca^2＋ ]i showed no significant change and no effect on Clca channels was observed （P〉 0. 05）. Chronic hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Clca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked the channels and decreased [Ca^2＋ ]i from （281.75± 16.48） nmot/L to （117.66 ±15.36） nmol/L （P〈0.01）. MTT assay showed that under chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbency （A value） from 0. 459±0. 058 to 0. 224±0. 025 （P〈0. 01）. Hypoxia increased [Ca^2＋ ]i which opened Cl~ channels and had a positive-feedback in [Ca^2＋ ]i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Under chronic hypoxic condition, Clca channel may play a part in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs.

Aluminum neurotoxicity effects on intracellular Ca^(2+) homeostasis in the rat cerebral cortex

Studies have suggested that aluminum, a neurotoxic metal, is involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have confirmed that aluminum influences intracellular Ca^2＋ homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether aluminum increases or decreases intracellular Ca^2＋ concentrations. The present study demonstrated that Al^3＋ competitively binds to calmodulin （CAM）, together with Ca^2＋, which resulted in loss of capacity of CaM to bind to Ca^2＋, leading to increased [Ca^2＋]i. Al^3＋ stimulated voltage-gated calcium channels on cell membranes, which allowed a small quantity of Ca^2＋ into the cells. Al^3＋ also promoted calcium release from organelles by stimulating L-Ca^2＋αlc to trigger calcium-induced calcium release. Although Al^3＋ upregulated expression of Na＋/Ca^2＋exchanger mRNA, increased levels of Ca^2＋ and Na＋/Ca^2＋ exchanger did not maintain a normal Ca^2＋ balance. Al^3＋ resulted in disordered intracellular calcium homeostasis by affecting calcium channels, calcium buffering, and calcium expulsion.

Influence of Panax quinquefolium saponins on increased intracellular Ca^(2+) in PC12 cells

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have demonstrated that intracellular Ca^2＋ （[Ca^2＋]） overload, excitotoxicity, free radical injury, and nitric oxide toxicity are involved in mechanisms of neuronal death in the ischemic brain. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the influence of Panax quinquefo/ium saponins （PQS） on multiple factors-induced Ca^2＋ overload in the rat pheochromocytoma （PC12） cell line. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Intergroup comparison, in vitro study. The experiment was performed at the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University between November 2007 and April 2008. MATERIALS- In vitro cultured PC12 cells in the logarithmic phase were assigned into blank control, model, and drug treatment groups （10 μmol/L nimodipine; 40 μg/L, 100 μg/L, and 250 μg/L PQS）. Nimodipine was purchased from Jiangsu Yangtze River Pharmacy Group Co., China; PQS （purity 〉 95%, HLPC grade） was provided by School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University. Caffeine, Na2S2O4, L-glutamic acid （Glu）, Fura-2/AM, and calcium ionophore A23187 were purchased from Sigma, USA. METHODS： PC12 cells in the model and drug treatment groups were separately incubated in glucose-free Hank＇s buffered saline solution ＋ Na2S2O4 （2 mmol/L） for 6 hours, Glu （200 μmot/L） plus A23187 （0.05 μmol/L） for 6 hours, KCI （50 mmol/L） for 1 hour, and caffeine （5 mmol/L） for 3 hours to establish models of intracellular Ca^2＋ overload induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K＋, or caffeine. In addition, control cells were incubated in high-glucose DMEM culture medium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： [Ca^2＋]i changes in PC12 cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K^＋, or caffeine were detected using spectrofluorometer. RESULTS： PQS blocked the [Ca^2＋]i increase induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K＋, or caffeine. In particular, high-dose PQS was most effective （P 〈 0.01）. PQS significantly inhibited Glu- or caffeine-induced [Ca^2＋]i increases in the absence of extracellular Ca^2＋, but nimodipine did not. CONCLUSION： PQS blocked intracellular Ca^2＋ overload induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, Glu, A23187, high K^＋, or caffeine. This mechanism might be involved in the attenuation of neuronal apoptosis following ischemic brain injury.

高钾离子引起PC12细胞内游离Ca^(2+)浓度升高的机制

目的：分析高钾离子（Ｋ＋）引起ＰＣ１２细胞内游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）升高的可能机制。方法：利用ＭｉｒａＣａｌＩｍａｇｅＳｙｓｔｅｍ检测［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ，Ｃａ２＋荧光探针为Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ。结果：（１）ＫＣｌ浓度为３０～１００ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，可剂量依赖性地诱导ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高；（２）在细胞外无Ｃａ２＋时，高Ｋ＋对ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ无影响；（３）Ｌ－型电压门控钙通道阻滞剂维拉帕米、地尔硫和硝苯地平的浓度分别为５×１０－５，１×１０－４和５×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，可完全阻断高Ｋ＋诱导的ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，但Ｎ－型电压门控钙通道阻滞剂ω－ｃｏｎｏｔｏｘｉｎＧＶＩＡ在浓度为１×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，对高Ｋ＋诱导的ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高没有影响；（４）５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ维拉帕米对细胞外由无Ｃａ２＋到有Ｃａ２＋过程引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高无抑制作用。结论：高Ｋ＋引起ＰＣ１２细胞［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高以细胞质膜上Ｌ－型电压门控Ｃａ２＋通道开放为基础。

慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ca^(2+)浓度及Ca^(2+)-ATP酶活性的影响

目的：观察慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的影响。方法：用０．１５％醋酸铅饲养大鼠建立慢性染铅动物模型，参照Ｄｉｌｄｙ法和徐友涵法测定海马神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果发现：细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度，染铅组（２０３．８３±３０．５０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对照组（９７．６２±１９．８３）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｔ＝８．３１Ｐ＜０．００５；Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性，染铅组（３２６．４２±４０．０６）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，对照组（２５３．０７±２５．４０）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，ｔ＝３．５４，Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：慢性染铅可使大鼠海马区神经细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度升高。

大黄酸对IL-2诱发T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞[Ca^(2＋)]_i变化的作用

研究大黄酸对IL-2引起大鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞内[Ca^(2+)]_i变化的影响.采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,用单细胞钙成像系统记录胞内游离Ca^(2+)浓度([Ca^(2+)]_i).结果表明,大黄酸对IL-2引起的细胞增殖有显著抑制作用,且抑制效果与剂量有关;IL-2引起[Ca^(2+)]_i升高,并持续维持高[Ca^(2+)]_i水平,[Ca^(2+)]_i升高的机制包括胞内Ca^(2+)释放和胞外Ca^(2+)内流;大黄酸显著抑制IL-2引起的[Ca^(2+)]_i升高.结果提示大黄酸可抑制T淋巴细胞增殖,作用机制可能与抑制细胞内[Ca^(2+)]_i升高相关.

神经肽Y经Ca^2＋/CaM依赖的钙调神经磷酸酶途径诱导心肌细胞肥大

目的观察神经肽Y(NPY)诱导心肌细胞肥大效应,及Ca2+/CaM依赖的钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)途径在其中起的作用。方法用NPY(10、100nmol)刺激心肌细胞,用环胞素A(CsA)特异性抑制CaN活性。测定心肌细胞蛋白合成速率(3H-Leu掺入量)、CaN-蛋白表达、c-junmRNA表达、CaN酶活性、细胞内游离钙含量。结果(1)在100nmolNPY作用下,心肌细胞3H-Leu掺入量及c-junmRNA表达量均较对照组显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.001)。NPY+CsA组和对照组相比无显著差别。(2)在100nmolNPY作用下,NPY组心肌细胞内CaN酶比活力、CaN-α表达、胞浆及核内钙含量较对照组显著增高(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.001,P<0.001)。结论NPY可刺激心肌细胞肥大,CaN信号途径在其中起重要作用。

羟墓自由基引起神经细胞［Ca^（2＋）］i增高的机制和Ebselen的抑制作用

用Ｆｕｒａ－２显微荧光测量技术研究了羟基自由基对单个皮层神经细胞内游离钙离子浓度［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ影响和硒化合物Ｅｂｅｌｅｎ对［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的抑制作用。结果表明羟基自由基的作用首先引起胞内［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ以时间常数τ＝３８９５．４±５０７．２Ｓ速度缓慢增加，然后加入了以τ＝４２０．６±１２２．０Ｓ的外钙大量涌入。钙通道阻断剂、疏基还原剂、疏基还原制和自由基清除剂对羟基自由基损伤作用的影响提示外钙的大量涌入部分与通道的开放有关，疏基损伤在羟基自由基引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高中起着重要的作用。具有类谷胱甘肽过氧化酶活性的小分子硒化合物Ｅｂｓｅｌｅｎ（１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）抑制羟基自由基引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，推测它可以抑制钙库的释放或促进内钙的外排以及抑制外钙的流入。

川楝素对K^+、Ca^(2+)通道活动及细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度的调控

川楝素是我国学者从驱蛔中药中分离、鉴定的一个三萜化合物,已证明具选择地影响神经递质释放,有效地对抗肉毒中毒,促进细胞分化、凋亡,抑制肿瘤增殖,抑制昆虫发育和取食,影响K+、Ca2+通道活动等多种生物效应.综述了证明川楝素抑制多种K+通道,选择地易化L型Ca2+通道和进而升高胞内Ca+浓度的研究资料,并对川楝素产生这些生物效应的机制进行了讨论.

脑出血对大鼠脑细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度的影响及羚蝎胶囊的干预作用

为了解脑出血对脑细胞内Ca2 + 浓度的影响及羚蝎胶囊的干预作用 ,采用胶原酶复制大鼠脑出血模型 ,通过胰蛋白酶消化制备脑细胞悬液 ,以Fura -2 /AM为荧光指示剂 ,应用双波长荧光分光光度计测定用羚蝎胶囊 (羚羊角、全蝎、三七、水蛭等 )前后大鼠脑细胞内Ca2 + 浓度。结果 :在细胞外Ca2 + 浓度为 1mmol/L情况下 ,正常组大鼠脑细胞内Ca2 + 浓度为 32 0± 83nmol/L ,假手术组为 35 5± 48nmol/L ,模型组为 10 10± 118nmol/L ,羚蝎胶囊组为 930± 84nmol/L ,清开灵组为 910± 5 9nmol/L。提示脑出血大鼠脑细胞内存在严重的Ca2 + 超载现象 ,羚蝎胶囊能有效地降低脑出血大鼠脑细胞内Ca2

蛙皮素对PC-3细胞骨架及细胞内游离Ca^(2+)的影响

目的:观察蛙皮素(BBS)对前列腺癌PC-3细胞骨架形态及细胞内游离Ca2+([Ca2+]i)浓度的影响。方法:①利用免疫荧光法(IH),结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)检测10-5mol/L浓度BBS处理的PC-3细胞角蛋白(CK)的表达,以反映其对细胞骨架形态的影响;②应用Fluo-3/AM荧光标记技术和LSCM检测不同浓度BBS(10-9、10-7、10-5mol/L)处理的PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度。结果:①10-5mol/L浓度的BBS可促进PC-3细胞CK表达及伪足形成;②BBS可提高PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度,并具有浓度依赖性。结论:实验证明一定浓度的BBS可明显提高PC-3细胞[Ca2+]i浓度及CK表达,进而影响PC-3细胞骨架形态。本研究为探索BBS应用于肿瘤研究以及BBS作用后细胞内信息传递途径提供了基础。

实时监测GHRP对心肌细胞内[Ca^(2+)]i和NO调控的双标记方法研究

目的探索实时监测GHRP对心肌细胞内[Ca2+]i和NO调控的双标记方法,为研究GHRP对心脏直接保护效应机制提供新方法。方法用改良的Langendorff恒流灌注仪系统和酶解法急性分离SD成年大鼠心肌细胞,在LSCM下分别以Ca2+探针Rhod-2/AM和NO探针DAF-FM/DA对心肌细胞内Ca2+和NO进行双标记并观察GHRP即时刺激对两者的调控影响。结果在LSCM下心肌细胞内Ca2+呈红色荧光,NO呈绿色荧光,两者双标记后呈现黄绿色荧光,GHRP使红色荧光出现瞬时增强后又迟缓地回降,绿色荧光强度没有明显变化,双标记下GHRP对两者的调控同单标记结果。结论LSCM下实验中设计的双标记方法能实时监测成年大鼠心肌细胞内Ca2+和NO存在及GHRP对两者同一时相调控作用,引起[Ca2+]i两个时相的变化,而对NO信号系统未见明显影响。

ELF脉冲电磁场对肝癌细胞胞浆Ca^(2+)浓度的影响

研究不同频率和强度的ELF脉冲电磁场对肝癌细胞胞浆Ca2+浓度的影响。结果表明经不同频率和强度的ELF脉冲电磁场作用,有的参数电磁场可使细胞胞浆Ca2+浓度上升明显,有显著统计学意义,有的参数电磁场作用后细胞胞浆Ca2+浓度上升不明显,无统计学意义。经时—频域分析表明:细胞胞浆Ca2+浓度在时-频域内存在固有的连续谱、离散谱的频谱特征。只有频率和强度恰当组合的ELF脉冲电磁场能够对细胞胞浆Ca2+浓度产生影响并呈现出生物学窗效应。

芦荟大黄素对T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞[Ca^(2+)]_i变化的影响

目的研究芦荟大黄素对植物血凝素(PHA)引起的大鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和细胞内Ca2+浓度([Ca2+]i)变化的影响,探讨芦荟大黄素对T淋巴细胞增殖的作用和机制。方法采用MTT法检测细胞增殖,用单细胞钙成像系统记录细胞胞浆[Ca2+]i。结果芦荟大黄素对PHA引起的细胞增殖有显著抑制作用,且其抑制作用与剂量有关;加入PHA引起细胞[Ca2+]i迅速升高,并持续维持高[Ca2+]i水平,芦荟大黄素对PHA引起的[Ca2+]i升高有显著抑制作用,其作用途径包括阻断胞内Ca2+释放和抑制胞外Ca2+内流。结论芦荟大黄素可抑制T淋巴细胞增殖,其作用机制可能与抑制淋巴细胞内[Ca2+]i升高相关。

镉对人体外周血淋巴细胞内游离Ca^(2+)及钙调素影响的研究

采用体外实验方法，观察CdCl2对培养24h的人外周血淋巴细胞内游离Ga2+浓度及CaM活性的影响。结果表明：细胞内游离Ca2+浓度与镉浓度（≤100μmol／L）及染毒时间（≤60min）存在明显的剂量及时相相关，在≤50μmol／LCdCl2作用下，CaM活性随染毒剂量增加而升高，50μmol／LCdCl2使CaM活性增至0μmol／L组的190．22％（P＜0．05），但100μmol／LCaCl2则对CaM无激活作用。在一定镉浓度（0～50μmol／LCdCl2）及染毒时间（0～40min）内，细胞内游离Ca2+浓度与CaM活性呈*一致性变化，提示镉的免疫毒作用机制与Ca2+、CaM系统有关。

Effect of Ca^(2+) on CO_2 corrosion properties of X65 pipeline steel

The effect of Ca^2＋ on CO2 corrosion to X65 pipeline steel was investigated in the simulated stratum water of an oil field containing different concentrations of Ca^2＋. It is found that Ca^2＋ can enhance the corrosion rate, especially in the Ca^2＋ concentration from 256 to 512 mg/L, which can be attributed to the growing grain size and loosing structure of corrosion scales with increasing Ca^2＋ concentration. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） investigations reveal that a complex carbonate （Fe, Ca）CO3 forms at high Ca^2＋ concentration due to the gradual replacement of Fe^2＋ in FeCO3 by Ca^2＋.

血管紧张素Ⅱ增加新生鼠脑细胞胞浆Ca^(2+)浓度

本文应用荧光钙测定技术观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)对新生Wistar鼠脑细胞胞浆Ca^(2+)浓度([Ca^(2+)]_i)的影响。结果表明:血管紧张素Ⅱ在1nmol/L—1μmol/L浓度下可诱导新生鼠脑细胞[Ca^(2+)]_i增加,具量效关系。在无外Ca^(2+)存在对,其增加幅度有所减少。上述效应可被血管紧张素Ⅱ拮抗剂Saralasin所阻断,并呈剂量依赖关系。上述结果提示,血管紧张素Ⅱ可激活血管紧张素AⅡ受体,增加脑细胞[Ca^(2+)]_i,该效应通过细胞内Ca^(2+)释放和细胞外Ca^(2+)内流两条适径实现,前者的作用是主要的。

电刺激对软骨细胞增殖及细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度的影响

目的寻求促进体外培养的软骨细胞增殖的适宜电刺激参数,探讨软骨细胞增殖与细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度之间的关系。方法使用3-5日龄家兔肋骨软骨细胞(Pri Cells),经过2次传代培养,将细胞按照4×10~4/孔的密度接种于6孔培养板内,次日利用函数信号发生器刺激细胞。采用占空比20%的方波波形,频率1 Hz,按照电压大小将细胞分为5组:电压1 V组、2V组、3 V组、5 V组和0 V组(无刺激组)。各组细胞每日刺激20 min,连续刺激3 d。CCK-8法检测细胞增殖,用钙离子荧光探针Fluo-3 AM和多功能酶标仪检测细胞内的Ca^(2+)浓度。结果占空比20%的方波波形,频率1 Hz,刺激电压1 V时,细胞吸光度值和细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度与无刺激组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);电压2 V和3 V时细胞吸光度值和细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度与无刺激组相比均有提高(P<0.05),电压3 V时有显著提高(P<0.01);但当电压增大到5 V时抑制细胞增殖,细胞吸光度值与无刺激组相比降低(P<0.01)。结论适宜的电刺激能够提高软骨细胞胞内Ca^(2+)浓度进而促进软骨细胞增殖,其适宜条件为方波波形,占空比20%,频率1 Hz,电压3 V。

Trpm7下调对大鼠心肌细胞游离Ca^(2+)浓度影响的研究

目的 TRPM7是心肌细胞内一种阳离子通道,对Mg^(2+)和Ca^(2+)都具有通透性。为了深入研究TRPM7基因在心肌细胞的功能,本试验试图研究下调TRPM7后大鼠心肌细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度的变化。方法大鼠心肌细胞的原代培养,心肌细胞存活度的测定,小干扰RNA(siRNA)技术,大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离Ca^(2+)荧光强度的检测。结果经过胞内游离Ca^(2+)荧光强度的检测发现下调TRPM7后大鼠心肌细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度无显著变化。结论调TRPM7后对心肌细胞钙的代谢没有显著影响。

用Fura 2－AM检测血小板胞浆游离钙浓度

本文对应用荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ２－ＡＭ（国产）测定血小板胞浆游离钙浓度的某些实验条件进行了探讨。结果表明：实验最适ｐＨ范围为７．３５～７．４５。实验不受溶血、黄疸及高脂血样品的干扰。批内ＣＶ４．９８％，批间ＣＶ５．６％。正常成人参考值为１６７．７５±２０．６６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。与使用进口Ｆｕｒａ２－ＡＭ（Ｓｉｇｍａ产品）检测结果比较，结果无统计学差异，相关系数：γ＝０．９８。