Pretreatment with Rhodiola Rosea Extract Reduces Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin in Rats: Implication of Anti-oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects

Objective To investigate the pretreatment effects of Rhodiola rosea （R. rosea） extract on cognitive dysfunction, oxidative stress in hippocampus and hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with R. rosea extract at doses of 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g/kg for 3 weeks, followed by bilateral intracerebroventricular injection with streptozotocin （1.5 mg/kg） on days 1 and 3. Behavioral alterations were monitored after 2 weeks from the lesion using Morris water maze task. Three weeks after the lesion, the rats were sacrificed for measuring the malondialdehyde （MDA）, glutathione reductase （GR） and reduced glutathione （GSH） levels in hippocampus and histopathology of hippocampal neurons. Results The MDA level was significantly increased while the GR and GSH levels were significantly decreased with striking impairments in spatial learning and memory and severe damage to hippocampal neurons in the model rat induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. These abnormalities were significantly improved by pretreatment with R. rosea extract （3.0 g/kg）. Conclusion R. rosea extract can protect rats against cognitive deficits, neuronal injury and oxidative stress induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin, and may be used as a potential agent in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.

Temporal lobe epilepsy animal model established by stereotaxic microinjection of kainic acid

BACKGROUND： Kainic acid can be used to induce a model of epilepsy by systemic injection, such as intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Individual rats have different responses to kainic acid, therefore high doses of drug are required and the success rate of model induction is low. It is necessary to develop an improved method to establish a temporal lobe epilepsy （TLE） animal model. OBJECTIVE： To explore an economic, stable and efficient method of establishing a TLE animal model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A completely randomized, controlled study. The experiments were performed in the Cellular Function Laboratory of the Physiology Department, Anhui Medical University from March to July 2007. MATERIALS： Twenty adult male Wistar rats, weighing 230-260 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Centre of Nanjing Medical University. Kainic acid was purchased from Sigma in USA. Type SN-2 stereotaxic apparatus was made by Narishge in Japan. METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into a kainic acid （KA） group （n = 12） and a normal saline （NS） group （n = 8）. For intrahippocampal microinjection, a burr hole was drilled in the skull at the following stereotaxic coordinates： anteroposterior （AP） 4.1 mm caudal to bregma; lateral （ML） 4.2 mm right lateral to the midline. Rats in the KA group were injected with 2.5 μL KA （0.4 g/L） into the center of the CA3 region, while in the NS group the same volume of NS was injected into the same site. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Both groups were monitored under a video capture system for 12 weeks to record spontaneous seizures. Intracranial eletroencepholograph （IEEG） recordings in vivo were performed after the behavioral observations. After the IEEG recordings, hippocampi were processed into coronal sections. Nissl and Timm stainings were then performed to observe and confirm pathology. RESULTS： Twenty rats were involved in the final analysis. Behavioral observations： the eadiest spontaneous onset of epilepsy appeared 2 weeks after injection of KA. Eight rats had spontaneous onset of epilepsy 3-12 weeks after treatment. None of rats in the NS group had spontaneous onset of epilepsy. IEEG recordings： Epileptic-form waves, such as sharp waves and spike waves, were calculated by artificial analysis The number of epileptic-form waves in the KA group increased significantly compared to those of the NS group （P 〈 0.01）. Morphology results： In the KA group, Nissl staining and Timm staining revealed typical pathology in the hippocampal temporosphenoid lobe. In the NS group, no pathology was observed. CONCLUSION： Intrahippocampal microinjection of KA is a reliable method to establish a temporal lobe epilepsy animal model, requiring low doses of kainic acid and giving a high rate of success.

Microinjection of a growth factor cocktail affects activated microglia in the neocortex of adult rats

Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in regulating neuronal processes, such as neural excitability, synaptic activity, and apoptotic cell clearance. Growth factors can activate multiple signaling pathways in central nervous system microglia and can regulate their immune effects, but whether growth factors can affect the morphological characteristics and ultrastructure of microglia has not been reported. After microinjecting 300 nL of a growth factor cocktail, including 10 μg/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 μg/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 10 μg/mL hepatocyte growth factor and 10 μg/mL insulin-like growth factor into adult rat cortex, we found that the number of IBA1-positive microglia around the injection area increased significantly, indicating local activation of microglia. All CD68-positive labeling co-localized with IBA1 in microglia. Cell bodies and protrusions of CD68-positive cells were strongly attached to or were engulfing neurons. Characteristic huge phagosomes were observed in activated phagocytes by electron microscopy. The phagosomes generally included non-degraded neuronal protrusions and mitochondria, yet they contained no myelin membrane or remnants, which might indicate selective phagocytosis by the phagocytes. The remnant myelin sheath after phagocytosis still had regenerative ability and formed "myelin-like" structures around phagocytes. These results show that microinjection of a growth factor cocktail into the cerebral cortex of rodents can locally activate microglia and induce selective phagocytosis of neural structures by phagocytes. The study was approved by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences(approval No. IACUC-AMMS-2014-501) on June 30, 2014.

Lateral intracerebroventricular injection of Apelin-13 inhibits apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Apelin- 13 inhibits neuronal apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide, yet apoptosis following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has rarely been studied. In this study, Apelin-13 （0.1 μg/g） was injected into the lateral ventricle of middle cerebral artery occlusion model rats. TTC, TUNEL, and immuno- histochemical staining showed that compared with the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion group, infarct volume and apoptotic cell number at the ischemic penumbra region were decreased in the Apelin-13 treatment group. Additionally, Apelin-13 treatment increased Bcl-2 immtmoreactivity and decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity, Our findings suggest that Apelin-13 is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis.

Egg tanning improves the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutant locust production by enhancing defense ability after microinjection

The mutant efficiency and hatching ratio are two key factors that significantly affect the construction of genome-modified mutant insects.In the construction of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated dsLmRNase2^(–/–)mutant locusts,we found that the tanned eggs which experienced a 20-min contact with the oocyst exhibited a higher success rate compared to fresh newly-laid eggs that were less tanned.However,the heritable efficiency of the dsLmRNase2 deletion to the next generation G_(1 )progeny was similar between adults derived from the tanned or less tanned engineered eggs.Further,the similar effective mutant ratios in the normally developed eggs and G_(0) adults of tanned and less tanned eggs also indicated that tanning did not reduce the absolute mutation efficiency induced by CRISPR/Cas9.Moreover,we found that the syncytial division period,which was longer than the time for tanning,conferred a window period for microinjection treatment with efficient mutation in both tanned and less tanned eggs.We further found that tanned eggs exhibited a higher hatching rate due to a reduced infection rate following microinjection.Both the anti-pressure and ultrastructure analyses indicated that the tanned eggs contained compressed eggshells to withstand increased external pressure.In summary,tanned eggs possess stronger defense responses and higher efficiency of genome editing,providing an improved model for developing Cas9-mediated gene editing procedures in locusts.

The Effect of Intra-cerebral Microinjection with Daidzein on the Plasma LH Level in the Castrated Boars

Daidzein (DA) was microinjected into mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and nucleus ventrome-dialis thalami (VM) of the castrated male Goettingen Mini pigs (n = 9, 10 μl·animal-1, 8 pgDA·μl-1 and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were compared between the prior and the posterior treatment. The result showed that LH levels after the cerebral administration (ad) tended to increase compared to the levels before ad. In MBH, LH levels in 4 cases (4/5), rose and were not changed in 1 case at 0.5 - 2 hours after ad compared to those before ad. There were no significant changes at 2.5 hours after ad. When it was injected in VM, LH levels in 3 cases (3/4) rose, and were not changed in 1 case after ad compared to those before ad. In the control, there were no changes in plasma LH levels between the pre-and post-treatment except 1 case in MBH. This study suggested that DA could up-regulate LH secretion through hypothalamus level in the castrated boars.

Intracerebroventricular opiate infusion for refractory head and facial pain

AIM: To study the risks and benefits of intracerebroventricular(ICV) opiate pumps for the management of benign head and face pain.METHODS: SSix patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia and/or cluster headaches were evaluated for implantation of an ICV opiate infusion pump using either ICV injections through an Ommaya reservoir or external ventricular drain. Four patients received morphine ICV pumps and two patient S received a hydromorphone pump. Of the Four patients with morphine ICV pumps, one patient had the medication changed to hydromorphone. Preoperative and post-operative visual analog scores(VAS) were obtained. Patients were evaluated post-operatively for a minimum of 3 mo and the pump dosage was adjusted at each outpatient clinic visit according to the patient's pain level.RESULTS: All 6 patients had an intracerebroventricular opiate injection trial period, using either an Ommaya reservoir or an external ventricular drain. There was an average VAS improvement of 75.8%. During the trial period, no complications were observed. Pump implantation was performed an average of 3.7 wk(range 1-7) after the trial injections. After implantation, an average of 20.7 ± 8.3 dose adjustments were made over 3-56 mo after surgery to achieve maximal pain relief. At the most recent follow-up(26.2 mo, range 3-56), VAS scores significantly improved from an average of 7.8 ± 0.5(range 6-10) to 2.8 ± 0.7(range 0-5) at the final dose(mean improvement 5.0 ± 1.0, P < 0.001). All patients required a stepwise increase in opiate infusion rates to achieve maximal benefit. The most common complications were nausea and drowsiness, both of which resolved with pump adjustments. On average, infusion pumps were replaced every 4-5 years.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ICV delivery of opiates may potentially be a viable treatment option for patients with intractable pain from trigeminal neuralgia or cluster headache.

The molecular regulatory effect of intracerebroventricular thymulin on endotoxin-mediated NF-<i>k</i>B nuclear translocation and activation <i>in vivo</i>

The nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is one member of a ubiquitously expressed family of Rel-related transcription factors that serve as critical regulators of proinflammatory genes. The immunomodulatory potential of thymulin and its effect on NF-kB in vivo, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS), is not well characterized. In this study, the role of endotoxin (ET) in regulating NF-kB was unraveled in various compartments of the CNS. Stereotaxic localization reverberated specific intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of ET into the CNS, with or without pretreatment with ICV thymulin. Treatment with ET upregulated the expression and nuclear trans-localization of NF-kB1 (p50), NF-kB2 (p52), RelA (p65), RelB (p68) and c-Rel (p75) in the hippocampus (HC), an effect abrogated by ICV pretreatment with thymulin. Thymulin modulated the phosphorylation of IkB-a in the HC by upregulating the cytosolic accumulation of IkB-a and downregulating its phosphorylation (pIkB-a). Further analysis of the DNA-binding activity revealed an upregulated activity in the HC relative to saline-constitutive expression of the RelA (p65) subunit. ET did not induce the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB in the diencephalon (DE) or substantia nigra (SN) at various time points, when compared with baseline levels of expression. Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ET in vivo upregulated the expression of NF-kB subunits in the liver and reduced the cytosolic accumulation of IkB-a by inducing pIkB-a. Furthermore, IP pretreatment with thymulin followed by ICV

Intracerebroventricularly-administered 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion and brain-derived neurotrophic factor affect catecholaminergic nerve terminals and neurogenesis in the hippocampus,striatum and substantia nigra

Parkinson＇s disease is a progressive neurological disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.A highly similar pattern of neurodegeneration can be induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine（MPTP） or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion（MPP＋）,which cause the death of dopaminergic neurons.Administration of MPTP or MPP＋ results in Parkinson＇s disease-like symptoms in rodents.However,it remains unclear whether intracerebroventricular MPP＋ administration affects neurogenesis in the substantia nigra and subgranular zone or whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor alters the effects of MPP＋.In this study,MPP＋（100 nmol） was intracerebroventricularly injected into mice to model Parkinson＇s disease.At 7 days after administration,the number of bromodeoxyuridine（Brd U）-positive cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus increased,indicating enhanced neurogenesis.In contrast,a reduction in Brd U-positive cells was detected in the substantia nigra.Administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor（100 ng） 1 day after MPP＋ administration attenuated the effect of MPP＋ in the subgranular zone and the substantia nigra.These findings reveal the complex interaction between neurotrophic factors and neurotoxins in the Parkinsonian model that result in distinct effects on the catecholaminergic system and on neurogenesis in different brain regions.

Pronuclear microinjection is not suitable for RNA polymerase III promoter driven constitutive RNAi transgenesis in mice for XY male-to-female sex reversal by <i>Sry</i>gene knockdown

Silencing of gene expression by RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool. For the study of mammalian gene function expression vectors for short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were developed. However the standard methods of shRNA transgenic (Tg) mice production have not been established. Sry (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) is a mammalian sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome. In mice, the transient expression of Sry in supporting cell precursor cells between 10.5 and 12.5 days post-coitus (dpc) triggers the differentiation of Sertoli cells from granulosa cells. Then high efficiency of Sry gene silencing in Tg mice should induce XY male-to-female sex reversal. An shRNA Tg mouse targeting Sry gene was attempted to be generated by pronuclear microinjection. A low rate (Tg pups/all pups born after microinjection = 2/154 to 7/178) of Tg pups was observed. These Tg mice showed no XY male-to-female sex reversal. The results suggest that exogenous expression of small RNA might exert a negative effect on embryonic development and another approach should be needed for RNAi transgenesis in mice.

Effect of antikeratin microinjection on the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis

Anti-keratin monoclonal antibody AF5 was introduced into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis., and its effects on embryonic development were studied. Survival rate of the antikeratin-injected embryos was much lower (only 35.76% at gastrula) than that of the control (74.85% at gastrula), in which embryos were injected with mouse IgG. Most of survivors in the experimental series showed aberrant external appearance. On the other hand, in cleavage stage, ie 2-7 h after fertilization, immunohistochemi-cal staining of embryos showed that the experimental embryos were mostly keratin negative, while embryos of the control ones were keratin positive. When introducing this antikeratin into one cell of a 2-cell embryo, only the unin-jected half of the embryo continued its development while the other half could not develop at all. These results suggested that intact keratin cytoskeleton in early embryos is indispensable to the embryonic development of Xenopus laevis.

Genome Editing in the Olive Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)Using CRISPR/Cas9 and a Simple Microinjection System

The whole-genome sequence of the olive flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)provides a basis for gene functional analyses,which is important for the aquaculture industry.Understanding gene function will help us to select better economic traits such as fast growth and better culture conditions,which further will increase the aquaculture output.Gene knockout is an important reverse genetics approach for in vivo studies of gene function.In this study,the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method with a microinjection system using a simple braked needle was employed in olive flounder.After injection in embryos,green fluorescent protein expression was detected in 40%of larvae.The proportion of normal-hatched larvae was approximately 50%.Different mutations,including short indels and fragment deletions,were found in our test genes gsdf and myomaker.Additionally,we detected more than one mutation in a single larva.In summary,our microinjection technique and CRISPR/Cas9 can be applied to study gene functions in olive flounder.

单发肌壁间肌瘤患者IVF/ICSI生殖结局影响因素分析

目的:探究单发肌壁间肌瘤患者体外受精-胚胎移植/卵胞质内单精子显微注射(IVF-ET/ICSI)生殖结局的可能相关影响因素。方法:纳入2014年1月至2019年12月于山东大学附属生殖医院接受IVF/ICSI治疗的单发肌壁间肌瘤不孕症患者1348例,根据患者妊娠结局分为活产组(403例)与未活产组(945例)、妊娠组(634例)与未妊娠组(714例)。采用倾向性匹配评分(PSM)对活产组与未活产组患者进行1∶1条件匹配控制混杂因素,共386对患者匹配成功。两组间有统计学差异的协变量采用二元logistic回归分析。采用ROC曲线分析肌壁间肌瘤与生殖结局的关系,并评价其预测价值。通过计算约登指数找到截断值。结果:PSM匹配后,未获得活产组的宫腔操作史、子宫内膜压迫患者比例明显高于活产组,肌壁间肌瘤大小明显大于活产组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);未妊娠组患者的子宫肌瘤直径显著大于妊娠组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经二元logistic回归分析校正混杂因素后,宫腔操作史、子宫内膜受压及单发肌壁间肌瘤的直径对患者活产率存在显著影响(P<0.05);单发肌壁间肌瘤直径大小对患者妊娠存在显著影响(P=0.004)。通过ROC曲线分析得出单发肌壁间肌瘤直径在预测活产率方面的截断值为2.35cm。结论:在单发肌壁间肌瘤患者中,成功活产与未活产患者相比,在宫腔操作史、子宫内膜受压以及子宫肌瘤直径方面存在显著差异,且三者均为导致活产率下降的独立影响因素,当肌瘤直径≥2.35cm对活产率的影响更为显著。

卵子透明带保存精子在第二代试管婴儿中的应用研究

目的:探讨利用卵子透明带冷冻保存微量精子在第二代试管婴儿助孕中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2019年6月—2023年10月接受睾丸活组织检查取精助孕的40对夫妻,共计65个助孕周期的资料,根据患者助孕周期中精子来源分为A组(40个周期)和B组(25个周期)。A组采用女性取卵当日男方睾丸穿刺活检精子助孕,B组采用女性取卵当日利用卵子透明带冷冻保存的男性精子助孕(B组患者为上述经历了第一次新鲜睾丸精子助孕后,其中25对夫妻又开展了第2次助孕周期,第2次助孕周期时不再进行睾丸活组织检查取精,而是利用冷冻保存复苏后的精子助孕,共25个周期)。比较两组实验室各项指标[成熟卵母细胞百分率(MII卵率)、2原核胚胎受精百分率(2PN受精率)、2原核卵裂胚胎百分率(2PN卵裂率)、卵裂期优质胚胎百分率(D3优胚率)、囊胚形成率、临床妊娠率],25对接受两次助孕史的夫妻依据前后两次助孕的精子来源,分为新鲜睾丸精子和解冻精子两部分,比较其上述实验室各项指标的差异性。结果:两组MII卵率、2PN受精率、2PN卵裂率、D3优胚率、囊胚形成率、临床妊娠率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);另外25对夫妻前后接受两种不同来源精子助孕的指标比较,差异也均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:利用卵子透明带冷冻保存微量精子在无精症患者中能够在保证无新鲜睾丸穿刺精子的情况下得到类似的临床结局,同时可减少男性反复睾丸活组织检查的痛苦及创伤,该方法确保极少量精子在冷冻-复苏过程中不会丢失,此方法容易获取高质量解冻精子。

脑室注射葡萄糖对翘嘴鳜摄食和糖代谢的影响

为探究鳜下丘脑葡萄糖感知系统的存在和对摄食的影响,实验以翘嘴鳜为研究对象,对鳜分别进行脑室注射生理盐水(对照组)、2-DG(葡萄糖代谢拮抗剂,100 mg/kg)和葡萄糖(10 mg/kg),探究注射后3、6和12 h不同时间点鳜摄食及糖代谢的响应机制。结果显示,脑室注射葡萄糖显著抑制鳜的摄食,而不同时间点鳜血浆葡萄糖含量无显著差异。脑室注射葡萄糖显著诱导下丘脑葡萄糖激酶基因gk(glucokinase,6 h),表明鳜下丘脑葡萄糖感知体系的存在。且脑室注射葡萄糖显著促进可卡因和苯丙胺调节转录肽基因cart(cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript,3 h)的表达量,这可能与鳜mTOR(mammalian target of rapamycin)在下丘脑(12 h)和肝脏(6 h)中的基因表达水平的显著上调有关。另外,脑室注射葡萄糖显著诱导鳜肝脏gk(6 h)和pk(pyruvate kinase,3 h)的表达,促进糖酵解,表明脑室通过感知的葡萄糖水平促进分解代谢为机体供能。综上,本研究首次通过脑室注射葡萄糖探究鳜下丘脑葡萄糖感知系统的存在,同时发现鳜下丘脑对葡萄糖脑室注射存在响应。且脑室注射葡萄糖可能通过对gk的调控影响AMPK/mTOR通路,调控机体食欲相关基因表达进而抑制摄食。研究结果为翘嘴鳜对饲料碳水化合物的高效利用和摄食调控研究提供理论依据。

高性能生物医用聚乳酸/聚己内酯共混物的微型注塑制备及后处理

在熔融共混制备聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己内酯(PCL)共混物的基础上,采用微型注塑先进加工技术结合退火处理的方法,成功制备了高性能的PLA/PCL共混物生物医用微型制品。扫描电子显微镜和小角X射线散射结果表明,微型注塑过程中产生的强大剪切应力场促进了共混物分散相PCL纤维在制品中的原位形成,同时形成了以PCL为纤维晶、PLA为片晶的杂化shish-kebab结构。随后的退火处理进一步完善了体系中形成的PLA片晶,并促成了与PCL纤维之间的互锁结构形成。力学性能测试结果表明,经过退火处理的微型制品表现出更好的韧性,其最大断裂伸长率达到了68.1%,是纯PLA微型注塑制品的7倍。同时,退火处理样品的弹性模量高于纯PLA制品。上述结果表明,微型注塑结合退火处理所得到的PLA/PCL共混物微型制品兼具良好的强度和韧性,为制备高性能可降解的PLA基生物医用微型器件提供了新的方法,具有广阔的应用前景。

两种海人酸癫痫小鼠模型的建立及比较研究

目的比较分析海人酸(kainic acid,KA)侧脑室(intracerebroventricular,ICV)注射和腹腔注射(intraperitoneal injections,IP)两种给药路径建立的颞叶癫痫小鼠模型早期的行为学和病理学差异。方法100只C57BL/6N野生型(wild type,WT)雄性小鼠(体质量为20~22 g),按随机数字表法分为4组:ICV+normal saline(NS)对照组(n=10),ICV+KA模型组(n=40),IP+NS对照组(n=10),IP+KA模型组(n=40)。ICV+KA模型组使用600 nL的KA(0.5 mg/mL)进行侧脑室注射,IP+KA模型组按25 mg/kg剂量进行腹腔注射,对照组使用等量的生理盐水进行侧脑室和腹腔注射。建立模型3 d后,进行行为学、分子生物学(Western blot)和神经病理损伤评估(FJB染色,TUNEL染色,免疫荧光染色)。结果两对照组无痫性发作,两模型组均出现痫性发作。IP+KA组与ICV+KA组死亡率分别为47.50%和65.00%,造模成功率分别为80.00%与60.00%。与IP+KA组比较,ICV+KA组小鼠模型成功率明显增高而死亡率明显减少。FJB染色和TUNEL染色结果显示,与IP+KA组比较,ICV+KA组海马的神经变性和凋亡改变程度变化更加明显(P<0.05)。与IP+KA组比较,ICV+KA组海马凋亡蛋白表达差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫荧光结果显示,ICV+KA和IP+KA组海马和皮层的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞较对照组明显激活(P<0.05),但是ICV+KA组海马和皮层的胶质细胞激活程度均强于IP+KA组(P<0.05)。ICV+KA组海马和皮层的GFAP和Iba-1蛋白表达均高于IP+KA组(P<0.05)。结论两种KA制备方法均可制备出成功的癫痫模型。但ICV路径制备癫痫小鼠具有更高的成功率和更少的死亡率,并且神经病理损害程度和胶质细胞激活程度更加明显。

PZT驱动柔性恒力装置设计与控制

不同于常规机构,恒力机构优点诸多。例如,可以吸收能量减少对对象的冲击;可以降低驱动力,间接增加位移。而且针对恒力机构研究现状发现,现有的柔性恒力机构在显微注射中的应用较少。同时利用柔性机构具有的微纳运动精度和恒力机构吸收能量减少对对象的冲击的特点,设计并制备一种锆钛酸铅基压电陶瓷(Pbbased Lanthanumdoped Zirconate Titanates,PZT)驱动恒力显微注射器,改善微注射过程中存在的阶跃冲击,提高注射量的控制精度,减少注射量因素对胚胎早期发育的影响,为显微注射技术提供可参考的数据。

交联透明质酸联合肉毒毒素微量注射治疗玫瑰痤疮1例

患者女,45岁,面部红斑伴瘙痒、灼热3年。查体:双侧面颊、鼻背持久性红斑、潮红、毛细血管扩张,以面颊为重。诊断:玫瑰痤疮。治疗:予以注射用肉毒毒素50 u,加入2.5 mL生理盐水稀释为20 U/mL,与注射用交联透明质酸钠凝胶1 mL混合均匀。面部消毒后使用水光治疗仪注射红斑区。患者自述注射1周后红斑开始消退,3个月后复查,红斑大部分消退。给予第二次注射(注射方法相同),红斑消退,随访半年无复发。

不同物种肌动蛋白聚合功能及其差异分析

肌动蛋白聚合在细胞过程中发挥着关键作用,包括细胞分裂、发育、形态发生、运动和极性建立等重要过程。肌动蛋白聚合异常可引发心血管疾病、神经系统疾病和癌症等多种疾病。肌动蛋白聚合在细胞功能和疾病的发生和发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管物种间和种内肌动蛋白的氨基酸序列高度保守,暗示其功能可能相似,然而最新研究发现,它们在聚合功能方面有差异性。研究表明,大部分动物或植物肌动蛋白能够在酵母细胞中被异源使用,但是兔子骨骼肌和玉米花粉肌动蛋白在聚合功能方面几乎无法互相替代。与此相比,酵母肌动蛋白则可以与动物或植物肌动蛋白共聚。本文综述了近年来动物、植物和酵母肌动蛋白的聚合特性以及其在体内外聚合功能上的差异性研究进展,以及靶向干预肌动蛋白聚合的药物,不仅为治疗人类疾病提供了新的途径,同时也为我们深入了解种内外肌动蛋白的分子机制奠定了基础,有助于开发治疗人类疾病的新型药物。进一步的研究探索将有助于揭示肌动蛋白多样性和功能进化的潜在规律,为相关领域的研究提供了重要的指导和启示。