Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following uneventful clipping of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm:A case report

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is characterized mainly by occipital and parietal lobe involvement,which can be reversible within a few days.Herein,we report a rare case of PRES that developed after craniotomy for an unruptured intracranial aneurysm(UIA).CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man underwent clipping surgery for the treatment of UIA arising from the left middle cerebral artery.Clipping surgery was performed uneventfully,and he regained consciousness quickly immediately after the surgery.At the 4th hour after surgery,he developed a disorder of consciousness and aphasia.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cortical and subcortical T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the parietal,occipital,and frontal lobes ipsilaterally,without restricted diffusion,consistent with unilateral PRES.With conservative treatment,his symptoms and radiological findings almost completely disappeared within weeks.In our case,the important causative factor of PRES was suspected to be a sudden increase in cerebral perfusion pressure associated with temporary M1 occlusion.CONCLUSION Our unique case highlights that,to our knowledge,this is the second report of PRES developing after craniotomy for the treatment of UIA.Surgeons must keep PRES in mind as one of the causes of perioperative neurological abnormality following clipping of an UIA.

Interobserver reliability of computed tomography angiography in the assessment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm and impact on patient management

BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an emergency that can lead to a high mortality rate and many severe complications.It is critical to make a rapid radiological evaluation of ruptured intracranial aneurysms(RIAs)to determine the appropriate surgical treatment.AIM To assess the reliability of computed tomography angiography(CTA)in assessing different features of ruptured intracranial aneurysm and its impact on patient management.METHODS The final cohort of this study consisted of 146 patients with RIAs(75 male and 71 female)who underwent cerebral CTA.Their age ranged from 25 to 80,and the mean age±SD was 57±8.95 years.Two readers were asked to assess different features related to the aneurysm and perianeurysmal environment.Inter-observer agreement was measured using kappa statistics.Imaging data extracted from non-contrast computed tomography and CTA were considered to categorize the study population into two groups according to the recommended therapeutic approach.RESULTS The inter-observer agreement of both reviewers was excellent for the detection of aneurysms(K=0.95,P=0.001),aneurysm location(K=0.98,P=0.001),and(K=0.98,P=0.001),morphology(K=0.92,P=0.001)and margins(K=0.95,P=0.001).There was an excellent interobserver agreement for the measurement of aneurysm size(K=0.89,P=0.001),neck(K=0.85,P=0.001),and dome-to-neck ratio(K=0.98,P=0.001).There was an excellent inter-observer agreement for the detection of other aneurysm-related features such as thrombosis(K=0.82,P=0.001),calcification(K=1.0,P=0.001),bony landmark(K=0.89,P=0.001)and branch incorporation(K=0.91,P=0.001)as well as perianeurysmal findings including vasospasm(K=0.91,P=0.001),perianeurysmal cyst(K=1.0,P=0.001)and associated vascular lesions(K=0.83,P=0.001).Based on imaging features,87 patients were recommended to have endovascular treatment,while surgery was recommended in 59 patients.71.2%of the study population underwent the recommended therapy.CONCLUSION CTA is a reproducible promising diagnostic imaging modality for detecting and characterizing cerebral aneurysms.

Neuroprotective effect of bispectral index-guided fast-track anesthesia using sevoflurane combined with dexmedetomidine for intracranial aneurysm embolization

Dexmedetomidine has sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-sympathetic, and anti-shivering effects. Dexmedetomidine might be effective in combination with sevoflurane for anesthesia, but prospective randomized controlled clinical trials with which to verify this hypothesis are lacking. In total, 120 patients who underwent embolization of an intracranial aneurysm were recruited from Anhui Provincial Hospital and Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University of China and randomly allocated to two groups. After intraoperative administration of 2% to 3% sevoflurane inhalation, one group of patients received pump-controlled intravenous injection of 1.0 ~tg/kg dexmedetomidine for 15 minutes followed by maintenance with 0.3 ~tg/kg/h until the end of surgery; the other group of patients only underwent pump-controlled infusion of saline. Bispectral index monitoring revealed that dexmedetomidine-assisted anesthesia can shorten the recovery time of spon- taneous breathing, time to eye opening, and time to laryngeal mask removal. Before anesthetic induction and immediately after laryngeal mask airway removal, the glucose and lactate levels were low, the S100~ and neuron-specific enolase levels were low, the perioperative blood pressure and heart rate were stable, and postoperative delirium was minimal. These findings indicate that dexmedetomidine can effectively assist sevoflurane for anesthesia during surgical embolization of intracranial aneurysms, shorten the time to consciousness and extubation, reduce the stress response and energy metabolism, stabilize hemodynamic parameters, and reduce adverse reactions, thereby reducing the damage to the central nervous system. This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry （http：//www.chictr.org. cn/） （registration number： ChiCTR-IPR- 16008113）.

Wall shear stress in intracranial aneurysms and adjacent arteries

Hemodynamic parameters play an important role in aneurysm formation and growth. However, it is difficult to directly observe a rapidly growing de novo aneurysm in a patient. To investigate possible associations between hemodynamic parameters and the formation and growth of intracranial aneurysms, the present study constructed a computational model of a case with an internal carotid artery aneurysm and an anterior communicating artery aneurysm, based on the CT angiography findings of a patient. To simulate the formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and the growth of the internal carotid artery aneurysm, we then constructed a model that virtually removed the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, and a further two models that also progressively decreased the size of the internal carotid artery aneurysm. Computational simulations of the fluid dynamics of the four models were performed under pulsatile flow conditions, and wall shear stress was compared among the different models. In the three aneurysm growth models, increasing size of the aneurysm was associated with an increased area of low wall shear stress, a significant decrease in wall shear stress at the dome of the aneurysm, and a significant change in the wall shear stress of the parent artery. The wall shear stress of the anterior communicating artery remained low, and was significantly lower than the wall shear stress at the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery or the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery. After formation of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm, the wall shear stress at the dome of the internal carotid artery aneurysm increased significantly, and the wall shear stress in the upstream arteries also changed significantly. These findings indicate that low wall shear stress may be associated with the initiation and growth of aneurysms, and that aneurysm formation and growth may influence hemodynamic parameters in the local and adjacent arteries.

Preoperative diagnosis and operative effect of intracranial aneurysm with three-dimensional computed tomography angiography

BACKGROUND ： Digital subtraction angiography （DSA） is always regarded as the golden standard for diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm; however, the procedure is complex, traumatic, expensive and easy to induce vascular complication. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography （3D-CTA） can make up deficiencies of DSA; therefore, it is used in clinical therapy wider and wider. OBJECTIVE ： To evaluate the clinical effect of 3D-CTA on disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm pre- and post-operation and compare with the effect of DSA. DESIGN ： Auto-control contrast observation SETTING ： Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University PARTICIPANTS ： A number of 106 patients with disruption and hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2003 to April 2006. All patients were diagnosed with cranial operation and consent. There were 47 males and 59 females aged from 3-76 years with the mean age of （47±13） years. Among them, 82 patients had extensive subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）, 7 had hemorrhage at longitudinal fissure, and 17 had hemorrhage at ambiens cistema and lateral fissure. Moreover, intraventricular hematocele was accompanied on 13 patients and hematom on 9 patients. METHODS： （1） 3D-CTA examination： Siemens SOMATOM Sensation 64 CT was used in this study. The thickness was 1 mm and interval of reconstruction was 0.8 mm. Localizing section was plainly scanned as the standard of canthus line. Scan ranged from 30 mm below sella to 50 mm above sella. Non-ion contrast medium of Omnipaque 350 （concentration of iodine was 350 g/L） was inserted into anterior vein of elbow with 18G trochar retained with high-pressured injectoc pum. The speed was 4.5 mL/s and the total volume was 80-100 mL with the means of 90 mL. Scan started at 10-20 s after injection of contrast medium. Original image was dealt with Leonardo workstation and retreated with Syngo software. Volume rendering and maximum intensity projection were used to reconstructed images, （2） All 106 patients suffered from occlusion of aneurysm clamp. Before operation, 3D-CTA was undertaken and DSA was followed. After operation, patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Comparisons between 3D-CTA and DSA. RESULTS ： All 106 patients were involved in the final analysis. （1） Examination of 3D-CTA and DSA： Among 118 patients with aneurysm, 110 were checked with 3D-CTA and the detected rate was 93.2% （110/118）. Among other 8 cases, 3 were negative and checked again with DSA; 1 had pericallosal aneurysm, 1 ophthalmic aneurysm, and 1 anterior choroidal artery of aneurysm. 3D-CTA results of other 5 cases were suspicious, and then, they were regarded as having aneurysm with DSA. Before operation, correlation among site, body, neck of aneurysm and peripheral anatomic structure were shown sufficiently. After operation, 82 patients were rechecked with 3D-CTA, which was complete occlusion, precise, unobvious constriction, emphraxis or remains as compared with 3D-CTA those pre-operation. （2） Characteristics of 3D-CTA： With multiple vessels and angles, 3D-CTA observed the relationship between aneurysm neck and carried artery and showed thrombosis in cavity of aneurysm, calcification of aneurysm wall and peripheral structure of vessel at the same time. However, DSA could not detect the reactions mentioned above. It could delete image of cranium, simulate image of operative route, eliminate artifact induced by metal, but not distinguish blood stream direction. Meanwhile, posterior communicating artery was always poor during circle of Willis artery showing. CONCLUSION： （1） 3D-CTA is characterized by simple operation and non-invasive showing vascular stereo structure and correlation. Therefore, it is significant for diagnosis and designing plan of operative approach and focal location pre-operation and evaluating effect post-operation. （2） 3D-CTA does not completely replace DSA on the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.

Efficacy of pipeline endovascular device and Willis stent graft in the treatment of traumatic pseudo intracranial aneurysms

Objective:To investigate the advantages and effects of pipeline embolization device(PED)or Willis stent,in treating traumatic pseudoaneurysms.Traumatic pseudo intracranial aneurysms(TPIA)can be caused by either direct trauma or iatrogenic injuries,usually caused by direct arterial wall injury or shear due to acceleration.We describe a series of patients with TPIA who received a PED or Willis stent.Materials and methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on nine patients with TPIA admitted to the southern hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2017 to June 2019,of whom four were treated with PED and five were implanted with six Willis covered stents.The occlusive rate and complication in the two kinds of stents were compared by postoperative follow-up and modified rankin score(MRS).Results:After the implantation of PED,four patients showed an immediate stagnation of blood flow or a decreased filling in aneurysms,three out of four patients exhibited complete occlusion,and the remaining patient had nearly complete occlusion.Four out of five cases of Willis stent implantation were associated with immediate complete occlusion of aneurysms,and the modified rankin score of these patients ranged from 0 to 1.One patient died of unassociated complications.Conclusion:For different types of TPIA in the internal carotid artery(ICA),PED and Willis stents provide significant advantages in treatment,with fewer postoperative complications and prognosis well.

Applications of multislice CT angiography in the surgical clipping and endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysms

Prompt diagnosis and therapy of aneurysms are critical for patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH）.The aim of our study was to assess the clinical usefulness of multislice computed tomography angiography （CTA） in the surgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.A total of 195 cases with 206 intracranial aneurysms underwent CTA.Fifty （24%） aneurysms underwent surgical clipping while 156 （76%） aneurysms underwent endovascular coiling.In the five missed aneurysms at digital substraction angiography and the nine aneurysms with mass intracerebral hematomas,surgical treatment was successfully performed based on 16-slice CTA alone,and the other 36 aneurysms were clipped on the main basis of the CTA.The intraoperative findings correlated well with the CTA findings and all aneurysms were clipped successfully.Sixteen-slice CTA image information has been shown to determine the choice of aneurysm therapy and assist the surgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Safety and efficacy of complete versus near-complete coiling in treatment of intracranial aneurysms

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and angiographic outcomes of aneurysms that were completely or near-completely embolized and ascertain whether complete embolization is important in the stent-assisted coiling(SAC)of intracranial aneurysms.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 390 patients(417 aneurysms).Among them,complete(100%)or nearcomplete(>90%)angiographic obliteration of the aneurysms on immediate angiography was accomplished.Baseline characteristics,complications,angiography follow-up results,and clinical outcomes were analyzed.Results:Cumulative adverse events occurred in 30 patients(7.7%),including thromboembolic complications in 17(4.4%),intraoperative rupture in 10(2.6%),and others in 3(0.8%).Statistical analyses revealed an increased intraprocedural rupture rate in the initial completely occluded aneurysms(5.6%compared with 1.0%).The incidence of cumulative adverse events was higher in patients with completely occluded aneurysms(11.1%)than in those with near-completely occluded aneurysms(5.5%).Angiography follow-up was available for 173 aneurysms.Aneurysm occlusion status at follow-up was correlated with stent placement(p?0.000,odds ratio?5.847),size(p?0.000,odds ratio?6.446 for tiny aneurysms;and p?0.001,odds ratio?5.616 for small aneurysms),and initial aneurysm occlusion status(p?0.001,odds ratio?3.436).Complete occlusion at followup was seen in 82.6%of the initial complete occlusion group versus 63.0%of the initial near-complete occlusion group.The incidence of complete occlusion at follow-up was higher in the initial completely occluded aneurysms with SAC(100%)than in the initial completely occluded aneurysms with non-SAC(65.2%).Conclusions:Initial complete treatment may lead to higher complication rates and good clinical outcomes at follow-up.Stent placement may enhance progressive aneurysm occlusion.Initial complete occlusion with SAC can provide durable closure at follow-up.

Is type Ⅰ alpha 2 collagen gene responsible for intracranial aneurysm in Northeast China?

In this study, we investigated whether a single nucleotide polymorphism （rs42524 G 〉 C） in the type I alpha 2 collagen gene was associated with sporadic ruptured intracranial aneurysm or its clinical characteristics in patients from Northeast China. Genotyping of the rs42524 G 〉 C polymorphism was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The data showed that the frequency of the rs42524 GC ＋ CC genotype was significantly higher than the GG genotype among intracranial aneurysm patients whose Hunt and Hess grading scale was 〉 3. In addition, the rs42524 G 〉 C genotype was found to have a statistically significant association with intracranial aneurysm risk. These findings indicate that the type I alpha 2 collagen gene gene may be involved in a predisposition to intracranial aneurysm in the Northeast Chinese population. Crucially, the rs42524 C allele may be an important risk factor for increased severity of the condition in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Ruptured intracranial aneurysm presenting as cerebral circulation insufficiency:A case report

BACKGROUND Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a type of acute stroke that is a serious threat to human health.Misdiagnosis of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is a serious clinical event that may have disastrous consequences in some patients.To date,ruptured intracranial aneurysms have been misdiagnosed as meningitis,tumors,stroke,or trauma,among other conditions.Here,we report what appears to be the first case of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm that presented as cerebral circulation insufficiency.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged man was admitted to our hospital because of a parasellar lesion identified on a noncontrast computed tomography(CT)image after a mild traffic accident that was caused by a brief loss of consciousness.Notably,he was diagnosed with cerebral circulation insufficiency after two unexplained episodes of a transient loss of consciousness within the past 8 mo.The patient was diagnosed with right internal carotid artery aneurysm based on CT angiography and completely recovered after a craniotomy at our hospital.A few clots and severe adhesions around the aneurysm were observed in the subarachnoid space during the operation,suggesting that the aneurysm had ruptured and may had been misdiagnosed as cerebral circulation insufficiency.CONCLUSION Ruptured intracranial aneurysms may show negative imaging results and present as cerebral circulation insufficiency,which should be recognized as soon as possible to ensure timely management.

Application of 3D T1-SPACE combined with 3D-TOF sequence for follow-up evaluation of stent-assisted coil embolization for intracranial aneurysm

Objectives:To assess 3D T1-SPACE combined with 3D-TOF sequence for follow-up evaluation of stent-assisted coil embolization for intracranial aneurysm.Materials and methods:Between Oct 2018 and May 2019,we enrolled 25 patients with intracranial aneurysm who underwent stent-assisted coil embolization.All patients were followed up for 6 to10 months after endovascular treatment(EVT)using 3D-TOF MRA,3D T1-SPACE and DSA to evaluate aneurysm occlusion and parent artery patency.Results:With regards to aneurysm occlusion,the specificity of 3D-TOF MRA was 86.9%(20/23)and the accuracy was 84%(21/25).There was no statistical significance(P=0.409)compared with the DSA.The parent artery by3D-TOF MRA showed that there were 14 patients with grade 3,8 patients with grade 2 and 3 patients with grade1.However,3D T1-SPACE showed that all 25 patients were grade 4,and were clearly displayed without metal artifacts.The comparison of the two MR techniques demonstrated that 3D T1-SPACE was superior to 3D-TOF MRA in the evaluation of parent artery(P<0.001).Conclusions:3D T1-SPACE sequence provides better image quality and higher accuracy for evaluating stented parent arteries compared to TOF-MRA.This study also shows that 3D-TOF MRA has a merit to evaluate aneurysm occlusion.The combination of these two modalities can be used as an optional follow-up evaluation after EVT of intracranial aneurysms.

Nomogram model for predicting oculomotor nerve palsy in patients with intracranial aneurysm

AIM:To explore the risk factors of oculomotor nerve palsy(ONP)in patients with intracranial aneurysm(IA)and develop a nomogram model for predicting ONP of IA patients.METHODS:A total of 329 IA patients were included.Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify independent factors,which were then integrated into the nomogram model.The performance of the nomogram model was evaluated by calibration cur ve,receiver operating curve(ROC),and decision curve analysis.RESULTS:Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated posterior communicating artery(PCo A)aneur ysm[hazard ratio(HR)=17.13,P<0.001]and aneurysm diameter(HR=1.31,P<0.001)were independent risk factors of ONP in IA patients.Based on the results of logistic regression analysis,a nomogram model for predicting the ONP in IA patients was constructed.The calibration curve indicated the nomogram had a good agreement between the predictions and observations.The nomogram showed a high predictive accuracy and discriminative ability with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.863.The decision curve analysis showed that the nomogram was powerful in the clinical decision.PCo A aneurysm(HR=3.38,P=0.015)was identified to be the only independent risk factor for ONP severity.CONCLUSION:PCo A aneurysm and aneurysm diameter are independent risk factors of ONP in IA patients.The nomogram established is performed reliably and accurately for predicting ONP.PCo A aneurysm is the only independent risk factor for ONP severity.

Correlation of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 13B variation with sporadic intracranial aneurysm and clinical characteristics in Han Chinese populations

BACKGROUND： Inflammatory reaction correlates with sporadic intracranial aneurysm （IA）. Variation of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 13B （TNFRSF13B）, an inflammatory mediator receptor, may associate with IA. OBJECTIVE： To explore the relationship between TNFRSF13B gene and sporadic IA, as well as the clinical characteristics of sporadic IA. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Case-control study of genetic association was performed at the Experimental Technology Center of China Medical University from November 2006 to January 2008. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 367 patients with IA, confirmed by three-dimensional computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and neuro surgery, were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from 2006 to 2007, and were selected as the case group. All patients were Han, with no family history of IA. In addition, a total of 396 non-lA patients were selected as control subjects. METHODS： Peripheral vein blood was harvested to extract whole blood genomic DNA. Genotyping and TNFRSF13B single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） rs11078355 G〉A allele polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The relationship of TNFRSF13B SNP rs11078355 G〉A polymorphisms to IA and IA clinical characteristics were analyzed using the chi-square and two-sided test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： TNFRSF13B SNP rs11078355 G〉A genotype distribution. RESULTS： In the IA patients, TNFRSF13B SNP rs11078355 G〉A genotype frequency was significantly increased （X2 = 16.306, odds ratio = 1.881,95% confidence interval = 1.382 2.560, P 〈 0.001）. In IA patients aged 〉 65 years, the frequency of TNFRSF13B SNP rs11078355 GA ＋ AA genotype was significantly greater than the GG genotype （X2 = 26.604, odds ratio = 5.248, 95% confidence interval = 2.662 10.345, P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： The TNFRSF13B gene may associate with sporadic IA in Han Chinese populations In elderly patients, allele A may be an independent risk factor for IA, in addition to senile diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

DCAU-Net:dense convolutional attention U-Net for segmentation of intracranial aneurysm images

Segmentation of intracranial aneurysm images acquired using magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)is essential for medical auxiliary treatments,which can effectively prevent subarachnoid hemorrhages.This paper proposes an image segmentation model based on a dense convolutional attention U-Net,which fuses deep and rich semantic information with shallow-detail information for adaptive and accurate segmentation of MRA-acquired aneurysm images with large size differences.The U-Net model serves as a backbone,combining dense block and convolution block attention module(CBAM).The dense block is composed of a batch normalization layer,an randomly rectified linear unit activation function,and a convolutional layer,for mitigation of vanishing gradients,for multiplexing of aneurysm features,and for improving the network training efficiency.The CBAM is composed of a channel attention module and a spatial attention module,improving the segmentation performance of feature discrimination and enhancing the acquisition of key feature information.Owing to the large variation of aneurysm sizes,multi-scale fusion is performed during up-sampling,for adaptive segmentation of MRA-acquired aneurysm images.The model was tested on the MICCAI 2020 ADAM dataset,and its generalizability was validated on the clinical aneurysm dataset(aneurysm sizes:<3 mm,3–7 mm,and>7 mm)supplied by the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.A good clinical application segmentation performance was demonstrated.

Research progress in the causes of intracranial aneurysms

Subaracoid hemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysms is characterized by high morbidity and mortality.There is no definite conclusion regarding the mechanism of formation,development,and rupture of intracranial aneurysms.It is generally believed to be related to congenital hereditary connective tissue diseases and acquired hemodynamic factors,vascular inflammation,and oral pathogens.In addition,gender,age,hypertension,and psychological status are also important factors.Relevant studies show a significantly lower quality of life in patients with intracranial aneurysms,and psychological factors should be studied in more depth.Neurological complications are considered an important factor in the decrease in quality of life.In conclusion,the formation,development,and rupture of intracranial aneurysms should result from a combination of congenital and acquired factors.

Advances in research on factors of intracranial aneurysm formation:review and hypotheses

Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by Intracranial Aneurysms(IA)is characterized by high morbidity and mortality.The mechanism of formation,development,and rupture of IA has not yet been established.It is generally believed to be related to congenital hereditary connective tissue diseases,acquired hemodynamic factors,vascular inflammation,and oral pathogens.In addition,gender,age,hypertension,and psychological status are also important factors.Some relevant studies have shown that patients with IA have a significantly lower quality of life,and psychological factors,especially depression,should be studied in more depth.Currently,and for a specific group of people,the intracranial aneurysm formation process is still relatively few studies.Therefore,in this paper,by compiling and analyzing the literature and experiments published in recent years,we propose a hypothesis for the process of intracranial aneurysm formation in middle-aged and elderly women with depression.We also analyze these factors that may contribute to the symptoms that patients experience to elucidate some potential mechanisms,raise social awareness,and inspire subsequent related studies.

Microsurgical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms in Côte d’Ivoire: A Series of 128 Cases

Introduction: The management of intracranial aneurysms in sub-Saharan Africa is essentially surgical. In this retrospective study, the authors report their experience in surgical management of intracranial aneurysm in C&#244;te d’Ivoire. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on patients operated for a ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysm between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2018. Data on epidemiological characteristics of patients and aneurysms, treatments and patient outcomes were analyzed. Results: One hundred twenty eight aneurysms were operated. Sixty-six percent of the patients were female. According to the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) scale, 58, 5% of patients were in grade I. Fisher scale showed 29% of Fisher 2 and 49% of Fisher 4. The aneurysms were mainly located on the internal carotid artery in 38% and anterior complex in 36%. The average size of aneurysms was 6.5 mm. In 81.4% the size of the aneurysms was less than 10 mm. Most aneurysms (90%) were treated at late stage. According to the modified Rankin Scale, 92 patients (83%) had good outcome, 7 patients (6%) had poor outcome, and the mortality rate was 11%. Conclusions: This study shows encouraging results if we refer to the overall postoperative results. However, there is a sub-diagnosis and low treatment rate of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The improvement of intracranial aneurysms management requires improving the standard of health in the country.

Interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms under neuroelectrophysiological monitoring

Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm underwent neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential( SSEP) ,brainstem

Clinical evaluation of timing of endovascular embolization treatment for intracranial aneurysm

Objective To evaluate the effects of endovascular embolization treatment for intracranial aneurysms in different time. Methods The clinical data of 165 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated by endovascular treatment were analysed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups accrodding to